[The impact of masticatory muscles hypertonicity on the bite formation]

THE AIM OF THE STUDY

Was to assess the impact of masticatory muscles hypertonicity on the bite formation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study comprised 60 patients aged 7-14 years. Group 1 consisted of 20 individuals with Angle class 1 occlusion without masticatory muscle hypertonicity. Group 2 comprised 20 patients with class II malocclusion with hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles, group 3 - 20 patients class II malocclusion and no hypertonic masticatory muscles. All patients were examined according to common diagnostic protocol that included electromyography of the temporal and masticatory muscles at rest and in dynamics).

RESULTS

In group 1 the mean IMPACT at rest was 242.8±133.6 µV, IMPACT during contraction was 880.50±201.5 µV; in group 2 - 797.9±413.0 and 1561.23±568.0 μV; in group 3 - 236.7±93.5 and 955.60±295.5 μV, correspondingly. The ratio of the activity of the temporal muscles to the masticatory muscles with neutral occlusion at rest correlates as 1:09, with compression 1:1. In patients with distal occlusion and the presence of hypertonicity at rest, the temporal muscles correspond to the chewing proper as 1:0.8, and with compression 1:09.

CONCLUSION

The estimated ratio can contribute to the retroposition of the mandible, as well as inhibition of the growth of the mandible in the sagittal direction.

Morphological changes in salivary glands of neonatal rats after intra-abdominal hypertension

OBJECTIVE

Given the overall prevalence of elevated Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), along with earlier detection and appropriate therapy of Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), a significant reduction in patient morbidity and mortality is currently achieved by modern medicine. This article assesses the long-term degree of salivary gland damage in rats depending on the severity of experimental IAH during the neonatal period.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

To simulate IAH, newborn rats, under the control of intravesical manometry, were injected into the abdominal cavity with bulking collagen filler in the amount necessary to create a given level of IAP.

RESULTS

As shown by the results obtained, rats exposed to intra-abdominal hypertension for ten days had pathological changes in their salivary glands within 120 days. The severity of sialadenitis revealed a correlation with the severity of IAH. Some rats had individual reactions expressed in relative resistance to their organs' abnormalities under hypoxia.

CONCLUSIONS

It was concluded that children with severe IAH history might need the disease prevention of the CNS, kidneys, digestive, and respiratory systems and oral diseases, particularly diseases involving the salivary glands. Future research is supposed to investigate further the IAH effect on various organs and tissues, including the dentofacial system.

[Cephalometric CBCT analysis of the upper airways]

The purpose of this literature review is to optimize the use of cephalometric diagnostic methods for assessing the condition of the upper respiratory tract. The article examines the areas of the upper respiratory tract associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Cephalometric analysis can be a useful tool for screening this pathology. However, it should be noted that there is still no clear understanding of the results of cephalometric changes in OSA, and therefore further research is necessary.

[Protocol of cone beam computed tomography analysis for patients with craniomandibular dysfunction]

The article presents a detailed protocol of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which includes not only the classic analysis of dentoalveolar and skeletal disorders, but diagnosis of cranial patterns (craniocervical cephalometric analysis by M. Rocabado, cephalometric diagnosis by Sassouni PLUS), analysis of transverse jaw sizes (Penn analysis) and measuring the volume of the airway for screening of obstructive sleep apnea. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed in the Scopus and Medline electronic databases through April 2020. Combining several methods of interpretation of CBCT in a single protocol will allow doctors to obtain a more complete amount of information to make a complete plan of comprehensive treatment.

[Use of fixed individual micro-implant supported orthodontic appliance in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate]

Congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region are significant, not completely decisive, medical and social problems. Recent literature data indicate a trend towards improvement.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Improving the effectiveness of treatment of children with bilateral orthodontic and surgical training.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Under the supervision were 80 children with cleft lip and palate, with an age of up to 3 years. Of these 56 patients, 28 patients are the 2nd group prepared for surgery according to the developed technique.

RESULTS

Preoperative orthodontic preparation of 28 children with bilateral cleft and an indicator that 22 (78.6%) patients should not have fully achieved results between the interhuman and fragmentary alveolar process of the upper jaw. In the second group of patients, 27 (96.4%) patients showed a normal ratio of the intermaxillary bone and lateral fragments.

CONCLUSION

The use of the developed orthodontic design with active elements and mini implants in 96.4% of cases requires the presence of pre-spiral orthodontic preparation, normalization of the position of the intercellular bone and shape, followed by primary chelorinoplastics and in relation to additional uranoplastics, as well as the periodic stages of rehabilitation of patients with bilateral cleft lip and achieved thereby a stable aesthetic and functional result.

Analysis of treatment methods for children with bilateral complete cleft of the lip and palate in mixed bite

Relevance. According to the World Health Organization, it was found that cleft lip and palate cases ranges from 0.6 to 1.6 cases per 1000 newborns. According to the severity of the lesion, bilateral cleft lip and palate takes the first place, however, it occurs much less common – 15-25%.

Purpose – to analyze methods of treatment in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during the period of the mixed dentition.

Materials and methods. An analysis of 51 sources Russian and foreign articles for the period from 1951 to 2019 was carried out. The features of the development of occlusion in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during the period of a changeable occlusion, as well as methods of treating this pathology, are considered.

Results. It was found that the main anatomical features of the maxillofacial region in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate during the period of a changeable bite are -narrowing of the upper and lower jaws, the presence of soft tissue scars. The main methods of treatment for such children are reconstructive surgery, including the closure of a hard palate defect using a mucoperiosteal flap cut out in the lateral part of the hard palate, as well as orthodontic treatment methods, the main purpose of which is to expand and extend the dentition using single jaw removable plate apparatuses, fixed plate apparatuses.

Conclusions. Taking everything into account, surgical reconstructive operations, as well as complex orthodontic treatment, the main purpose of which is to expand and extend the upper and lower jaws, are the integral methods of treating such children. Orthodontic treatment should be aimed at eliminating myofunctional disorders with the helpof orthodontic trainers and elastopositioners. Conducting a comprehensive surgical and orthodontic treatment can reduce the rehabilitation time of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate.

[Clinical and diagnostic rationale for the final stage of orthodontic treatment]

The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of the final stage of orthodontic treatment. The study included 32 patients divided into two groups of 16. Orthodontic treatment was performed using a bracket system active self-ligation straight arc technique with step adjustment anthropometric quantitative evaluation system (The ABO Model Grading System). Centric occlusion and centric relation were analyzed at baseline and after treatment by mandible position indicator MPI (Mandibular Position Indicator). The first group received treatment according to conventional protocol, in the second group braces were readjusted by indirect bonding after ABO anthropometric measurements. The efficiency of orthodontic treatment using ABO system at the late stages of adjustment in the second group was significantly higher than in the first group (p=0.002248; p=0.023431, respectively). MPI analysis in the first group in 10 (62.5%) patients showed mismatch of centric occlusion and centric relation not seen in the second group. In 3 (18.75%) patients of group 2 the difference did not exceed 0.5 mm which was considered normal. Thus, the application of ABO anthropometric system followed by readjustment of incorrectly positioned brackets by indirect bonding promotes MPI values improvement, which in turn allows getting the most accurate, and stable results of orthodontic treatment.

Comparative Analysis of Short and Mid-Term Results of Primary Total Hip Replacement by Serial Cemented and Uncemented Fixation Implants

Analysis of short-term (5 - 8 years) and mid-term (10 - 14 years) results of primary total hip replacement using cemented and uncemented fixation implants of foreign (Zimmer) and home (Endoservice) serial production. The study was based on the results of 2620 surgical interventions (2911 operations, out of them 1512 - with ESI, 1399 - with Zimmer implants) performed in two independent clinics. Revision intervention due to aseptic loosening of implant components was required in 62 (ESI) and 66 (Zimmer) cases and the terms of that complication development were practically the same. In 5 to 8 years after operation excellent, good and satisfactory results (70 - 100 points by Harris) were observed in 95.2% of patients operated on using ESI implants and in 94.8% of patients - with Zimmer implants. In 10 - 14 years the indices made up 89.2 and 88.2%, respectively. Thus, the results of different implants application were comparable

[The experience of complex treatment of children with bilateral cleft lip and palate]

Three grades of premaxilla deformation were revealed in children with bilateral cleft lip and palate. All patients with grade I and some children with grade II deformation received early orthopedic treatment by Sharova appliance while in patients with grade III deformation orthodontic devices with bone fixation with microimplants were used or microimplants alone for orthodontic anchorage. This approach allowed achieving full side contact of premaxilla and maxillary fragments in 1-2 months thus creating favorable conditions for surgical procedure.

[Dynamics of numbers of commercial fish in early ontogenesis in different areas of the Central-Eastern Atlantic]

Changes in the quantitative composition of mass fish species at early stages of ontogenesis in different areas of the Central-Eastern Atlantic (CEA) in warm and cold seasons in 1994-2008 were analyzed in the paper. The most widespread representatives of ichthyocenosis of CEA were: European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus), common scad (Trachurus trachurus), round sardinella (Sardinella aurita), and West-African scad (Trachrus trecae). The data obtained indicate that, within the economic zone of Morocco, fluctuations of numbers at early stages of development in European pilchard and common scad are close over the entire water area under consideration (36 degrees-21 degrees N). The regularities of fluctuations of the numbers of ichthyoplankton are similar to the interannual changes in the biomass of fish in the area of Morocco. In the area of Mauritania (21 degrees-16 degrees N), fluctuations of numbers of the early stages of development of commercial fish cannot be unambiguously correlated with changes in the biomass of adult fish. It is known that, in the economic zone of Mauritania, there are Senegal-Mauritanian populations of round sardinella and West-African scad that inhabit waters of different states and are not completely assessed by our surveys. Therefore, no obvious relation was observed between the considered data.

Two modes of linear layer-by-layer growth of nanoparticle--polylectrolyte multilayers and different interactions in the layer-by-layer deposition

The structure of the multilayer assemblies of yttrium iron garnet nanoparticles (YIG) with polyelectrolytes was investigated with the emphasis on the control of the particle density in the adsorption layers. It was found that the growth of YIG films prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly can occur via two deposition modes: (1) sequential adsorption of densely packed adsorption layers (normal growth mode) and (2) in-plane growth of isolated particle domains (lateral expansion mode). Importantly, the dependence of the optical density on the number of deposition cycles remains linear in both cases. Microscopy results indicate that the origin of the lateral growth is in the interplay of particle/particle and particle/polyelectrolyte interactions rather than in a substrate effect. The lateral expansion mode is a general attribute of the layer-by-layer deposition and can be observed for various aqueous colloids. For the preparation of sophisticated multifunctional assemblies on nanoparticles, the film growth via domain expansion should be avoided, and therefore, one must be able to control the growth pattern. The switch from lateral to normal growth mode can be effected by grafting charged organic groups to YIG nanoparticles. Hydrophobic interactions between the hydrocarbon groups of the modified YIG and polyelectrolyte significantly increase the attractive component of the particle/polyelectrolyte and particle/particle interactions. The films from modified YIG display densely packed nanoparticle layers with a greatly reduced number of defects.

[Endoscopic characteristics of palatopharyngeal ring function]

An objective assessment of the function of the palatopharyngeal ring in children operated on for cleft palate, based on the results of endoscopy with the use of quantitative analysis, will help estimate the degree of joining and of participation in this process of individual structures of the palatopharyngeal ring, as well as choose the treatment strategy for the future (continuation of logopedic training or reconstructive-rehabilitation surgery with the use of the least movable structures).

[Physiological role of pancreatic D-cells (mathematical study)]

The physiological role of pancreatic D cells has been studied by the method of mathematical simulation. D cells were proved to produce a sparing effect both on B and A cells, bringing about a more economical secretory response to these cells. The suppression of insulin secretion by pancreatic somatostatin is substantial at lower glucose concentration and is insignificant at higher glucose concentration. Vice versa, the effect of D cells on glucagon secretion is especially considerable at higher glucose concentration, being slight at lower glucose concentration. The presence of D cells is absolutely necessary for the Langerhans islets to function as an organ regulating the deposition and mobilization of the biological fuel.