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Kariuki SN, Ghodke-Puranik Y, Dorschner JM, Chrabot BS, Kelly JA, Tsao BP, Kimberly RP, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Jacob CO, Criswell LA, Sivils KL, Langefeld CD, Harley JB, Skol AD, Niewold TB. Genetic analysis of the pathogenic molecular sub-phenotype interferon-alpha identifies multiple novel loci involved in systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun 2014; 16:15-23. [PMID: 25338677 PMCID: PMC4305028 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of multiple organ systems and dysregulated interferon responses. SLE is both genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, greatly reducing the power of case-control studies in SLE. Elevated circulating interferon alpha (IFN-α) is a stable, heritable trait in SLE, which has been implicated in primary disease pathogenesis. 40–50% of patients have high IFN-α, and high levels correspond with clinical differences. To study genetic heterogeneity in SLE, we performed a case-case study comparing patients with high vs. low IFN-α in over 1550 SLE cases, including GWAS and replication cohorts. In meta-analysis, the top associations in European ancestry were PRKG1 rs7897633 (PMeta=2.75 × 10−8) and PNP rs1049564 (PMeta=1.24 × 10−7). We also found evidence for cross-ancestral background associations with the ANKRD44 and PLEKHF2 loci. These loci have not been previously identified in case-control SLE genetic studies. Bioinformatic analyses implicated these loci functionally in dendritic cells and natural killer cells, both of which are involved in IFN-α production in SLE. As case-control studies of heterogeneous diseases reach a limit of feasibility with respect to subject number and detectable effect size, the study of informative pathogenic subphenotypes becomes an attractive strategy for genetic discovery in complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kariuki
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Ghodke-Puranik
- Department of Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J M Dorschner
- Department of Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B S Chrabot
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J A Kelly
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - B P Tsao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R P Kimberly
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M E Alarcón-Riquelme
- 1] Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA [2] GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - C O Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L A Criswell
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K L Sivils
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J B Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A D Skol
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T B Niewold
- Department of Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Cozen W, Timofeeva MN, Li D, Diepstra A, Hazelett D, Delahaye-Sourdeix M, Edlund CK, Franke L, Rostgaard K, Van Den Berg DJ, Cortessis VK, Smedby KE, Glaser SL, Westra HJ, Robison LL, Mack TM, Ghesquieres H, Hwang AE, Nieters A, de Sanjose S, Lightfoot T, Becker N, Maynadie M, Foretova L, Roman E, Benavente Y, Rand KA, Nathwani BN, Glimelius B, Staines A, Boffetta P, Link BK, Kiemeney L, Ansell SM, Bhatia S, Strong LC, Galan P, Vatten L, Habermann TM, Duell EJ, Lake A, Veenstra RN, Visser L, Liu Y, Urayama KY, Montgomery D, Gaborieau V, Weiss LM, Byrnes G, Lathrop M, Cocco P, Best T, Skol AD, Adami HO, Melbye M, Cerhan JR, Gallagher A, Taylor GM, Slager SL, Brennan P, Coetzee GA, Conti DV, Onel K, Jarrett RF, Hjalgrim H, van den Berg A, McKay JD. A meta-analysis of Hodgkin lymphoma reveals 19p13.3 TCF3 as a novel susceptibility locus. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3856. [PMID: 24920014 PMCID: PMC4055950 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have identified associations with genetic variation at both HLA and non-HLA loci; however, much of heritable HL susceptibility remains unexplained. Here we perform a meta-analysis of three HL GWAS totaling 1,816 cases and 7,877 controls followed by replication in an independent set of 1,281 cases and 3,218 controls to find novel risk loci. We identify a novel variant at 19p13.3 associated with HL (rs1860661; odds ratio (OR)=0.81, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.76-0.86, P(combined) = 3.5 × 10(-10)), located in intron 2 of TCF3 (also known as E2A), a regulator of B- and T-cell lineage commitment known to be involved in HL pathogenesis. This meta-analysis also notes associations between previously published loci at 2p16, 5q31, 6p31, 8q24 and 10p14 and HL subtypes. We conclude that our data suggest a link between the 19p13.3 locus, including TCF3, and HL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cozen
- 1] USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA [2]
| | - M N Timofeeva
- 1] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France [2] Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK [3]
| | | | - A Diepstra
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands [2]
| | - D Hazelett
- 1] USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA [2]
| | - M Delahaye-Sourdeix
- 1] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France [2]
| | - C K Edlund
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA
| | - L Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Rostgaard
- Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D J Van Den Berg
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA
| | - V K Cortessis
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA
| | - K E Smedby
- Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, S-221 00 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S L Glaser
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA
| | - H-J Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L L Robison
- St Jude Children's Hospital, Cordova, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - T M Mack
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA
| | - H Ghesquieres
- Centre Léon Bérard, UMR CNRS 5239-Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - A E Hwang
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA
| | - A Nieters
- University Medical Centre Freiburg, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S de Sanjose
- IDIBELL Institut Català d'Oncologia, 8907 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - N Becker
- German Cancer Research Centre, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Maynadie
- CHU de Dijon, EA 4184, University of Burgundy, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - L Foretova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Roman
- University of York, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Y Benavente
- IDIBELL Institut Català d'Oncologia, 8907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K A Rand
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA
| | - B N Nathwani
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | | | - A Staines
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - P Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York 10029-6574, USA
| | - B K Link
- University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - L Kiemeney
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S M Ansell
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - S Bhatia
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - L C Strong
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - P Galan
- INSERM U557 (UMR Inserm; INRA; CNAM, Université Paris 13), 93017 Paris, France
| | - L Vatten
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - E J Duell
- IDIBELL Institut Català d'Oncologia, 8907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Lake
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Estate, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - R N Veenstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Visser
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Y Liu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Y Urayama
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
| | - D Montgomery
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Estate, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - V Gaborieau
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - L M Weiss
- Clarient Pathology Services, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, USA
| | - G Byrnes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - M Lathrop
- Genome Quebec, Montreal, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - P Cocco
- Institute of Occupational Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - T Best
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-5415, USA
| | - A D Skol
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-5415, USA
| | - H-O Adami
- 1] Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, S-221 00 Stockholm, Sweden [2] Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - M Melbye
- Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R Cerhan
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - A Gallagher
- MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Estate, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - G M Taylor
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, M13 0JH Manchester, UK
| | - S L Slager
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - P Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - G A Coetzee
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA
| | - D V Conti
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9175, USA
| | - K Onel
- 1] The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-5415, USA [2]
| | - R F Jarrett
- 1] MRC University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Estate, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, Scotland, UK [2]
| | - H Hjalgrim
- 1] Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark [2]
| | - A van den Berg
- 1] University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands [2]
| | - J D McKay
- 1] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France [2]
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