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Kossev A, Gantchev N, Gydikov A, Gerasimenko Y, Christova P. The effect of muscle fiber length change on motor units potentials propagation velocity. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992; 32:287-94. [PMID: 1623844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the muscle length on the propagation velocity of the extraterritorial action potentials was studied. Single low--threshold motor units (MUs) from m. biceps brachii, both with superficially and deeply situated fibers were investigated. The velocity of excitation propagation decreases with the muscle elongation. This dependence is not so prominent for MUs having more deeply situated fibers. In case of superficial MUs the experimentally obtained values are in better agreement with the core conductor model (v = k.square root of r), than with the linear dependence of the propagation velocity (v) on the muscle fiber radius (r) (v = k.r) observed by Håkansson (1957) on frog muscles. The observed difference between superficial and deep MUs was discussed. At least two factors may be responsible for greater changes of the excitation propagation velocity along the fibers of the superficially situated MUs during the muscle elongation. One possible factor is the essential change in the external resistance due to the decrease of distance from the fibers to the skin surface. The greater change of the muscle length during a passive muscle stretching might be another reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kossev
- Central Laboratory of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia
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2
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Gantchev N, Kossev A, Gydikov A, Gerasimenko Y. Relation between the motor units recruitment threshold and their potentials propagation velocity at isometric activity. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992; 32:221-8. [PMID: 1600886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the propagation velocity of the excitation along the muscle fibers of the motor units (MUs) and their threshold of recruitment at different level of isometric voluntary contraction was investigated. The threshold of recruitment was measured by the value of the muscle force, expressed in percents from the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at which the first impulse of the MU appeared. A wire subcutaneous branched electrode was used to select the potentials from a single MU. The selected in this way MU impulses were used as a trigger to average two electromyographic (EMG) signals picked up by means of two monopolar surface electrodes with small leading-off areas mounted on a common plate at a distance of 10 mm from one another. The propagation velocity of the extraterritorial potentials of the MUs increased non-linearly with the increase of the recruitment threshold. The relationship was fitted as V = square root of a+b.theta, where v is the propagation velocity, theta is the threshold of recruitment and a and b are constants. The consideration of the velocity of propagation as a "size principle parameter" was discussed and the limitations of the latter are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gantchev
- Central Laboratory of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia
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Gydikov A, Kossev A, Trayanova N, Stephanova D. Electrotonic potentials of myelinated nerve fibers. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990; 30:47-51. [PMID: 2303004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular electrotonic potentials of a single myelinated nerve fiber in a volume conductor of infinite extent were studied. The spatial distribution of the transmembrane electrotonic potential was obtained by integrating the system of differential equations constituting the model of the activation of a myelinated nerve fiber. The stimulus was step-like. The present investigation was concerned with the steady-state conditions only. The spatial distribution of the extracellular potentials at various radial distances in the conducting medium was calculated using the line source model. Up to a certain radial distance the discontinuous structure of the myelinated fiber is reflected in the oscillatory nature of the extracellular potentials, while further in the volume conductor the potentials are smooth. The magnitude of the radial decline of the extracellular potentials were compared for myelinated fibers of various internodal distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gydikov
- Central Laboratory of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia
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Kossev A, Gydikov A, Trayanova N, Kosarov D. Configuration and selectivity of the branched EMG-electrodes. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 28:397-403. [PMID: 3248565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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5
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Trayanova N, Gydikov A. Extracellular potential field caused by the resting potential of a myelinated nerve fibre. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987; 27:203-7. [PMID: 3622363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Trayanova N, Gydikov A. Some features of the extracellular potential field of active single muscle fibres. A model investigation. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986; 26:612-22. [PMID: 3816674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Radicheva N, Gerilovsky L, Gydikov A. Changes in the muscle fibre extracellular action potentials in long-lasting (fatiguing) activity. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1986; 55:545-52. [PMID: 3769911 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of extracellular action potentials (ECAPs) of single frog muscle fibres on intracellular action potentials (ICAPs) was studied during long-lasting (fatiguing) activity. The conduction velocity, peak-to-peak amplitude and amplitudes of the separate phases of the first and second ICAP time derivatives decreased during long-lasting activity. The phases of the first and second ICAP space derivatives also decreased in amplitude and lengthened. ECAPs near the membrane were similar in shape and proportional in amplitude to (formula; see text) when recording at a distance from both the end of the fibre and the point of stimulation. At long radial distances, the amplitudes of the separate ECAP phases depended on the amplitude and length of the corresponding phases of (formula; see text). Thus the decrease in ECAP amplitude during long-lasting activity at long radial distances was less than at points close to the muscle fibre membrane. The consequences of these findings for the changes in electromyograms recorded by needle or superficial electrodes during long-lasting (fatiguing) activity are discussed.
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Gydikov A, Kossev A, Trayanova N, Radicheva N. Selective recording of motor unit potentials. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1986; 26:273-81. [PMID: 3757896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Gydikov A, Gerilovsky L, Radicheva N. Extracellular potential field of excited isolated frog muscle fibres immersed in a volume conductor. Gen Physiol Biophys 1986; 5:125-34. [PMID: 3792817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular potential field of isolated frog muscle fibres immersed in a volume conductor was studied at radial distances up to 3 mm during excitation. The shape of the field distant from both the point of the origin of the excitation and the end of the fibre as well as changes in the field when depolarization wave approached the fibre end were described. Different amplitude decrease rates in individual phases of the extracellular potential and the peak-to-peak amplitude at different temperatures were found. Extracellular potentials at long radial distances were recorded using an averaging technique. The shape of the extracellular potentials at long radial distances over the fibre and beyond its end were very similar to the shape of extraterritorial potentials of a single motor unit.
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Stephanova D, Gydikov A. Mathematical modelling of the changes in the parameters of the action potential of frog muscle fibre at different temperatures. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1985; 25:223-32. [PMID: 4006854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kostov K, Kossev A, Gydikov A. Utilization of the stimulated electromyogram for estimation of the functional state of the muscles. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 24:387-99. [PMID: 6723567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Gydikov A, Kostov K, Kossev A, Kosarov D. Estimation of the spreading velocity and the parameters of the muscle potentials by averaging of the summated electromyogram. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 24:191-212. [PMID: 6714148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Gydikov A, Christova L. Effect of short interstimulus intervals on the electrically evoked potentials in human muscles. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 24:137-53. [PMID: 6697946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Gydikov A, Kossev A, Christova L. Influence of the interstimulus interval on the extraterritorial potentials of the motor units. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1982; 22:563-77. [PMID: 6295741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Gydikov A, Gatev P, Dimitrov GV, Gerilovsky L. Changes in the parameters of human single muscle fiber potentials with consecutive discharges. Exp Neurol 1982; 76:12-24. [PMID: 7084357 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(82)90097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gydikov A, Gatev P. Human single muscle fiber potentials at different radial distances from the fibers determined by a method of location. Exp Neurol 1982; 76:25-34. [PMID: 7084363 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(82)90098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gydikov A, Gerilovsky L, Gatev P, Kostov K. Volume conduction of motor unit potentials from different human muscles to long distances. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1982; 22:105-16. [PMID: 6279384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Gydikov A. New investigations by averaging of the summated EMG on the propagation of the muscle potentials. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1982; 22:89-103. [PMID: 7067666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gydikov A. Spreading of potentials along the muscle, investigated by averaging of the summated EMG. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1981; 21:525-38. [PMID: 7318742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Gydikov A, Kossev A, Radicheva N, Tankov N. Interaction between reflexes and voluntary motor activity in man revealed by discharges of separate motor units. Exp Neurol 1981; 73:331-44. [PMID: 7262241 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(81)90270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Gydikov A, Gatev P, Gerilovsky L, Kostov K. New investigations of volume conducted potentials from motor units in human m. triceps surae. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1981; 21:487-504. [PMID: 7250042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Gydikov A, Gatev P, Dimitrov GV, Gerilovsky L. Electromyographic and vectorelectromyographic studies of potentials recorded from human single muscle fibers. Exp Neurol 1981; 71:161-75. [PMID: 7449892 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(81)90079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gydikov A, Gerilovsky L, Kostov K, Gatev P. Influence of some features of the muscle structure on the potentials of motor units, recorded by means of different types of needle electrodes. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1980; 20:299-321. [PMID: 7418649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gydikov A. Extraterritorial potentials of high-threshold motor units in human M. biceps brachii. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979; 19:473-82. [PMID: 527549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Gydikov A, Kosarov D, Dimitrov GV. Length of the summated depolarized area and duration of the depolarizing and repolarizing processes in the motor unit under different conditions. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979; 19:229-48. [PMID: 467315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Gerilovsky L, Gydikov A, Kosarov D, Radicheva N. Stimulated myoelectric activity from close lying and remote muscles. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1978; 18:535-52. [PMID: 743938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Gerilovsky L, Gydikov A, Radicheva N. Changes in the shape of the extraterritorial potentials of tonic motor units, M- and H-responses of triceps surae muscles at different muscle lengths and under conditions of voluntary activation. Exp Neurol 1977; 56:91-101. [PMID: 862698 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(77)90141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gydikov A, Kosarov D, Gerilovsky L. Vectorelectromyographic investigations on motor units with short, inclined and curved muscle fibres. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1977; 17:127-41. [PMID: 880925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Gerilovsky L, Radicheva N, Gydikov A. The shape of the Achilis tendon reflex potentials. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1977; 17:143-53. [PMID: 880926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Gydikov A, Dimitrova N, Kosarov D, Dimitrov G. Influence of frequency and duration of firing on the shape of potentials from different types of motor units in human muscles. Exp Neurol 1976; 52:345-55. [PMID: 954913 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(76)90210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kosarov D, Gydikov A. Dependence of the discharge frequency of motor units in different human muscles upon the level of the isometric muscle tension. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1976; 16:293-306. [PMID: 1001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Kosarov D, Gydikov A, Tankov N. Discharge pattern of tonic and phasic motor units in human muscles upon stretch reflex. Prog Brain Res 1976; 44:355-65. [PMID: 1005724 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kosarov D, Gydikov A. The influence of the volume conduction on the shape of the action potentials recorded by various types of needle electrodes in normal human muscle. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1975; 15:319-35. [PMID: 1192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kosarov D, Gydikov A, Raditcheva N. [Electromyographic studies of motor units in the dog deltoid muscle]. Biofizika 1974; 19:169-75. [PMID: 4433619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Gydikov A, Kosarov D. Influence of various factors on the length of the summated depolarized area of the muscle fibres in voluntary activating of motor units and electrical stimulation. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1974; 14:79-93. [PMID: 4457325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Kosarov D, Gydikov A, Tankov N. Improvement of the method of motor units location. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1974; 14:97-107. [PMID: 4457326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gydikov A, Kosarov D. Extraterritorial potential field of impulses from separate motor units in human muscles. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1972; 12:283-305. [PMID: 4645618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Gydikov A, Kosarov D, Tankov N. Studying the alpha motoneurone activity by investigating motor units of various sizes. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1972; 12:99-117. [PMID: 4653370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Gydikov A, Kosarov D. Volume conduction of the potentials from separate motor units in human muscle. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1972; 12:127-47. [PMID: 4653367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kosarov D, Gydikov A, Tankov N. Vectorelectromyographic investigations of the impulses from separate motor units. II. Vectorelectromyographic shape of the impulses from separate motor units upon leading off in transverse lines and in longitudinal and transverse planes. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1972; 12:29-51. [PMID: 5075428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Gydikov A, Tomov I, Mitrani L, Baramov N. A model of the physiological mechanisms forming the microstructure of motor reactions. C R Acad Bulg Sci 1968; 21:289-92. [PMID: 5687105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Tankov N, Gydikov A, Mitrani L, Kozarov D. Dependence of microstructure of movements on effector's functional features. C R Acad Bulg Sci 1968; 21:175-8. [PMID: 5723415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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