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Gupta S, Singh S, Mukhija RD, Thacker AK. Electrophysiological study of nerves in type-II reaction in leprosy. Indian J Dermatol 2017; 62:644-648. [PMID: 29263540 PMCID: PMC5724314 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_38_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system, skin and reticuloendothelial system. Cutaneous nerves are severely affected in lepra reaction and this leads to morbidity. Objective: To study electrophysiological pattern of different nerves involved in Type-II reactions in leprosy. Method: The present study was undertaken in 21 leprosy patients with Type-II reactions attending in and out-patient department of Dermatology & Venereology, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur from July 2005 to October 2006. This was a prospective case control study in which 20 healthy, age and sex matched people with no evidence of any disease (particularly nerve involvement) were included. Limitation: Lesser number of cases were studied. Result: The proximal motor conduction latency was significantly prolonged in both ulnar and common peroneal nerve and proximal motor conduction velocity was also significantly reduced. On examining the values beyond 2S.D. of the control value, distal latency was not affected and only proximal conduction was affected in ulnar nerve. Conclusion: In Type II lepra reaction the motor conduction abnormalities are not prominent. Abnormalities are relatively more marked in the proximal segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Maurya
- From the Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
| | - D Kulshreshtha
- From the Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
| | - A K Singh
- From the Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
| | - M D Thakkar
- From the Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
| | - A K Thacker
- From the Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Raj
- Department of Radiology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomtinagar, Lucknow 226010, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Radiology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomtinagar, Lucknow 226010, India
| | | | - A K Singh
- From the Department of Neurology and
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Maurya
- From the Department of Neurology, and Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
| | - D Kulshreshtha
- From the Department of Neurology, and Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
| | - A K Singh
- From the Department of Neurology, and Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
| | - A K Thacker
- From the Department of Neurology, and Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
| | - K P Malhotra
- From the Department of Neurology, and Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow 206010, India
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Sarkari NBS, Thacker AK, Barthwal SP, Mishra VK, Prapann S, Srivastava D, Sarkari M. Japanese encephalitis (JE) part II: 14 years' follow-up of survivors. J Neurol 2011; 259:58-69. [PMID: 21681633 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis, the commonest Arbovirus encephalitis, has been endemic in many parts of Asia, the Pacific Islands, and India; also, there have been many epidemics. Most of the post JE cases have been associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric deficits but have not been properly classified and followed. Practically all the previous studies were in children or young adults. The aim of this study, involving only adult cases, the largest ever being reported, has been to follow the 688/1,199 survivors of JE patients out of 1,282 of acute cases admitted during four epidemics for a period of 14 years after properly classifying the sequelae. This prospective study was conducted in B.R.D. Medical College Gorakhpur (India), involving 665/688 post JE cases with neuropsychiatric deficits from four epidemics of 1978, 1980, 1988 and 1989 which were properly classified in nine groups. While the first epidemic of 1978 was being studied, more disastrous episodes flared up and the patients were subsequently added. Hence, the total duration of this prospective study was from November 1978 to December 2003. There were 14 defaulted initially from 688 followed (23/688 without sequelae and 665/688 with neuropsychiatric deficits), and later 130 were lost from time to time at various stages of follow up. Four out of 23/688 discharged without any deficit had to be readmitted for bizarre movements, assaultative behaviour and euphoria without fever and altered sensorium. All of them improved by symptomatic treatment. Progressive improvement occurred in all the parameters consisting of psychological disturbances, higher cerebral dysfunction, speech disorders (dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphasias, apraxia and agnosia), extra pyramidal, pyramidal features, and hypothalamic disturbances, cranial nerves including pupils and fundi and seizures. Maximum cases improved between 6 months (55%) to 1 year (78%). Only some features improved between 5 to 14 years. Four patients of hemiplegia remained bed ridden. Some non disabling features like dysarthria and corticospinal features without paralysis persisted in 5% (95% improved) and 74% (26% improved) respectively. One patient with bizarre movement and nine with marked tremors could not regain normalcy. A large number of patients of JE are left with several minor or gross residual neuropsychiatric and neurological features after the acute phase. In this series also the discharged patients with neurological deficits who were quite disabled initially and needed constant care by family members and also those who required some help intermittently improved with passage of time and eventually returned to normal life. Some of them were left with non-disabling residual neurological signs even after 14 years. Fourteen of 544 (3%) could not return to their livelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B S Sarkari
- Department of Medicine, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur 273013, India.
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Sarkari NBS, Thacker AK, Barthwal SP, Mishra VK, Prapann S, Srivastava D, Sarkari M. Japanese encephalitis (JE). Part I: clinical profile of 1,282 adult acute cases of four epidemics. J Neurol 2011; 259:47-57. [PMID: 21678123 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is numerically the most important global cause of encephalitis and so far confirmed to have caused major epidemics in India. Most of the reported studies have been in children. This largest study involving only adults, belonging to four epidemics, is being reported from Gorakhpur. The aim of this study is to detail the acute clinical profile (not viral) outcome and to classify the sequelae at discharge. This prospective study involved 1,282 adult patients initially diagnosed as JE admitted during the epidemics of 1978, 1980, 1988, and 1989, on identical clinical presentation and CSF examination. In the meantime, the diagnosis of JE was confirmed by serological and/or virological studies in only a representative number of samples (649 of 1,282 cases). Eighty-three left against medical advice (LAMA) at various stages, so 1,199 of 1,282 were available for the study. Peak incidence of [1,061 of 1,282 (83%)] of clinically suspected cases was from September 15 to November 2. Serum IgM and IgG were positive in high titers in 50.87% (330 of 649) and IgM positive in CSF in 88.75% (109 of 123) of the cases. JE virus could be isolated from CSF and brain tissue in 5 of 5 and 4 of 5 samples, respectively. Altered sensorium (AS) in (96%), convulsions (86%), and headache (85%) were the main symptoms for hospitalization by the third day of the onset. Other neurological features included hyperkinetic movements in 593 of 1,282 (46%)-choreoathetoid in 490 (83%) and bizarre, ill-defined in 103 (17%). The features of brain stem involvement consisted of opsoclonus (20%), gaze palsies (16%), and pupillary changes (48%) with waxing and waning character. Cerebellar signs were distinctly absent. Dystonia and decerebrate rigidity was observed in 43 and 6%, respectively, paralytic features in 17% and seizures in 30%. Many non-neurological features of prognostic importance included abnormal breathing patterns (ABP) (45%), pulmonary edema (PO) (33%), and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) (16%). Injection dexamethasone was used in 1978 in all 208 cases, including 21 of PO. Patients were later randomized alternately in dexa and non-dexa groups. Forty-six cases of PO from the non-dexa group were transferred to the dexa group as an ultimate life-saving measure. Thus, it was administered in 737 of 1,199 patients including 529 patients from the later epidemics in doses of 4 mg IV every 8 h for 7 days. Of 1,199, 462 did not receive it. There was no significant difference in mortality (p > 0.05) between the dexa (42.47%) and the non-dexa group (42.86%). All PO cases expired; so after the exclusion of the PO cases from dexa group, the difference of 6.14% (42.86 and 36.72) became significant (p < 0.01) (511 of 1,199 (43%) expired, [320 of 511 (63%) died within 3 days of hospitalization]). Out of a total of 1,199 patients treated, 688 (57%) were discharged; 23 of 688 (3%) without any sequelae and 665 of 688 (97%) with neuropsychiatric deficits classified into nine groups. During the four epidemics, the diagnosis of JE was basically on identical clinical presentation of acute encephalitic syndrome (AES) consisting of (1) abrupt onset of fever, headache, and AS, (2) dystonias and various movement disorders, (3) opsoclonus and gaze palsies, (4) CSF findings, and (5) the presence of residual neuropsychiatric and neurological features in the survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B S Sarkari
- Department of Medicine, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur 273013, India.
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Thacker AK, Lal R, Misra M. Scorpion bite and multiple cerebral infarcts. Neurol India 2002; 50:100-2. [PMID: 11960164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple cerebral infarcts, bilateral optic neuropathy with limb ischemia, following scorpion bite is documented. Vasospasm and autonomic storm due to envenomation is a plausible explanation for this symptom complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Department of Neurology, B.R.D. Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, 273013, India
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Thacker AK, Kumar P, Mukhija RD, Sharma SP. Late reversal reaction after 10 years of adequately treated leprosy. Postgrad Med J 1997; 73:741-2. [PMID: 9519194 PMCID: PMC2431562 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.73.865.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation between a relapse or late reversal reaction following completion of regular drug therapy in patients with leprosy is often difficult, though it has definite therapeutic implications. The present case documents a late reversal reaction occurring an unusually long time after the completion of multi-drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Department of Neurology, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India
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Thacker AK, Singh BN, Sarkari NB, Mishra RK. Non-traumatic coma--profile and prognosis. J Assoc Physicians India 1997; 45:267-70. [PMID: 12521081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred consecutive patients of non-traumatic coma, were investigated to establish its aetiology. Neurologic profile of these patients included assessment of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and evaluation of brainstem reflexes. 102 patients died and only 54 patients could make good recovery. Cerebrovascular diseases (33%), CNS infections (21%), and hepatic encephalopathy (18%) were the frequent causes of non-traumatic coma, with the first two carrying relatively poor prognosis. Poor outcome was also associated with low GCS score and absence of brainstem reflexes specially absent pupillary, oculocephalic and oculovestibular responses and decerebrate posture.
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Kumar P, Saxena R, Mohan L, Thacker AK, Mukhija RD. Peripheral nerve abscess in leprosy: report of twenty cases. Indian J Lepr 1997; 69:143-7. [PMID: 9290965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During the year 1994-1995, 20 of the 67 leprosy patients attending the dermatology department with any kind of nerve involvement were found to be having nerve abscess. These abscesses occurred in all types of leprosy (except the Indeterminate) and a variety of nerve trunks and cutaneous nerves. In none of the instances the abscess was associated with reaction. All the patients were surgically treated, without any steroid therapy. All cases showed significant improvement whenever there was nerve function deficit. Similarly, pain was relieved in all cases, when it was present.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur
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Bhatia B, Thacker AK, Sarkari NB. Lumbosacral radiculopathy and hemophilia. J Assoc Physicians India 1996; 44:561-2. [PMID: 9251431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Bhatia
- Department of Medicine, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, India
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Abstract
Forty-two patients with leprosy (7 with tuberculoid type, 30 borderline, 5 lepromatous) were studied electrophysiologically during reactions. Thirty-three had type I reactions while 9 had type II reactions. Each patient received 60 mg/day prednisolone tapered over a 6-week period. Motor conduction studies were performed on one clinically affected and one unaffected nerve and were repeated 12 weeks after the beginning of steroid therapy. Significant motor conduction abnormalities were observed in 14 affected (33.3%) and 8 unaffected nerves (19.1%). The majority of these nerves were in patients with borderline leprosy having type I reactions. Following steroid therapy, nerve function improved in 14 affected (33.3%) and 20 unaffected nerves (47.66%). However, 5 affected (10.2%) and 12 unaffected nerves (28.5%) showed a worsening of nerve function following steroid therapy. The majority of the nerves that showed improvement with steroid therapy had type I reactions, while those that showed deterioration had type II reactions. Steroids improved nerve function mainly in patients with type I reactions. Their role in patients with type II reactions remains debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Department of Neurology and Dermatology B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, India
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Thacker AK, Rathi AK, Singh YD, Kushwaha KP. Are these cases of heat stroke? Indian Pediatr 1996; 33:434-5. [PMID: 8979600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Department of Neurology & Pharmacology, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India
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Abstract
Delayed anoxic encephalopathy, a rare yet clinically and pathologically welldelineated complication of hypoxia with unknown pathogenesis, is described in a 40-year-old man following a drug overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Department of Neurology, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India
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Abstract
Local vascular and traumatic involvement are well-recognized causes of anterior tibial compartment syndrome (ATCS) terminating as myoneural ischaemia. However, in a large number of patients the cause of ATCS remains unidentified. We document the occurrence of bilateral ATCS in a patient of hypothyroidism, to our knowledge a previously unrecorded association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Department of Medicine, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, India
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Thacker AK, Saxena R, Gupta AK, Sarkari NB. Disappearing CT lesion in a nonepileptic patient. J Assoc Physicians India 1993; 41:467-8. [PMID: 7726875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite its high incidence, the exact cause of disappearing CT lesions in patients with epilepsy is not clear. We document a non-epileptic patient, whose clinical picture simulated idiopathic intracranial hypertension, but CT showed a spontaneously resolving ring enhancing lesion.
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Radhakrishnan K, Thacker AK, Bohlaga NH, Maloo JC, Gerryo SE. Epidemiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a prospective and case-control study. J Neurol Sci 1993; 116:18-28. [PMID: 8509801 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(93)90084-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An epidemiologic survey of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in Benghazi, Libya, over a period from September 1982 through August 1989 ascertained 81 patients. The group was comprised of 76 females and 5 males. Ages ranged from 8 to 55 years; the mean +/- S.D. was 28.6 +/- 7.9 for women and 21.0 +/- 14.5 for men. The average crude annual incidence rates for IIH per 100,000 persons were 2.2 for the total and 4.3 for females for all ages (3.2 for the total and 5.9 for the females when adjusted to the 1980 United States population). In females aged 15-44 years, IIH occurred at a rate of 12.0 per 100,000 per year; for those defined as obese, the rate rose to 21.4. Moderate to severe visual loss occurred as a sequelae in 20% of our patients. The extent of visual loss did not correlate with age at diagnosis, duration of symptoms, degree of obesity, use of oral contraceptive pills, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure, steroid treatment, or recurrence. We found no correlation between CSF protein and opening pressure. We conducted a case-control study on 40 consecutive female incident IIH patients and 80 age-matched female control subjects. Obesity and recent weight gain occurred more frequently in patients. More patients were married and more had irregular menses. The incidence rate for IIH described in our study is three to four times higher than that reported from the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neurology, Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
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Thacker AK, Sarkari NB, Gupta AK, Chaturvedi OP, Pandey KL. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Assoc Physicians India 1992; 40:104-5. [PMID: 1629115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Department of Medicine, B R D Medical College, Gorakhpur
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Affiliation(s)
- K Radhakrishnan
- Neurology Unit and Department of Medicine, Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
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Thacker AK, Radhakrishnan K, Maloo JC, el-Magbri AA, Mousa ME. Clinical and computed tomography analysis of intracerebral haemorrhage. J Assoc Physicians India 1991; 39:317-9. [PMID: 1938818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The clinical records and computed tomography scans of 50 consecutive patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) were analysed. Putaminal (48%) and thalamic (16%) ICH comprised the largest group, followed by cerebellar haemorrhage (12%). Intraventricular haemorrhage was observed in 14 cases, a majority being secondary to parenchymal haemorrhage. Hypertension remained the most important risk factor, occurring in 64% of the whole group and 83% of those with putaminal ICH. No predisposing factors for the haemorrhage were identified in 28% of patients. Twenty-seven patients were comatose; the incidence of coma in association with intraventricular haemorrhage was 79%. At the third week, 13 patients had died, a mortality rate of 26%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Division of Neurology, Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
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Thacker AK, Radhakrishnan K, Maloo JC. Pyogenic cervical vertebral osteomyelitis. Br J Clin Pract 1990; 44:763-4. [PMID: 2102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A 54-year-old male with cervical spine osteomyelitis due to haematogenous spread of staphylococcal infection from an intravenous cannula is reported. A review of literature is presented to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties and neurological complications of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Neurology Unit, Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
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Abstract
Two young patients with sickle cell trait (AS haemaglobinopathy) and ischaemic stroke are reported. The stroke involved the internal carotid artery territory in one and the brainstem in the other. A review of the literature is presented to suggest that the association of sickle cell trait and cerebral infarction is more than coincidental. Haemoglobin electrophoresis should be undertaken routinely in young subjects with ischaemic stroke.
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Thacker AK, Radhakrishnan K, Maloo JC, Bohlaga NH. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a girl without psychosis. Br J Clin Pract 1990; 44:425-7. [PMID: 2268530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a successfully managed case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in which the diagnosis was delayed by one week because of the absence of an established psychiatric disease. A high degree of clinical suspicion must be maintained if the diagnosis of this rare, curable but often fatal, complication of neuroleptic therapy is not to be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Neurology Unit, Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
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Abstract
A middle-aged male resident of Benghazi, northeastern Libya, with radiological features of skeletal fluorosis associated with cervical radiculomyelopathy is reported. This is believed to be the first documentation of such a disorder from this non-tropical, non-endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Maloo
- Neurology Unit, Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
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Maloo JC, Radhakrishnan K, Poddar SK, Thacker AK. Conjugal motor neurone disease. J Assoc Physicians India 1989; 37:789-90. [PMID: 2636585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of motor neurone disease (MND) in a Libyan couple who lived together for 40 years and in whom the disease developed within a 15-month period is reported. This is believed to be the second documentation of conjugal MND in the English literature.
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Radhakrishnan K, Thacker AK, Maloo JC, Ben Dardef A, Bubtana AG. Electrophysiologic evaluation for carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with angioaccess for haemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 1989; 21:425-7. [PMID: 2613471 DOI: 10.1007/bf02559639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The corrected distal motor latency along the median nerve in 50 upper limbs with the forearm Cimino-Brescia fistula for haemodialysis, when compared to that of the contralateral limb and the control value, showed no evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) ascribed to angioaccess. Haemodialysis-associated CTS seems to be related to the predisposing factors, rather than the haemodynamic effects of the arteriovenous fistula or dialysis.
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Abstract
A 4-year-search for spinal muscular atrophies (hereditary motor neuropathies, HMN) in Benghazi, Libya, yielded a total of 24 patients, among whom 18 were index cases. This group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disorder. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of the total cases. The crude average annual incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500 births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6, and 0.6/100,000 respectively. The segregation ratios, 0.26 for acute infantile HMN and 0.24 for chronic childhood HMN, suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. The consanguinity rates among parents of cases and the population did not differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
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Abstract
Proximal conduction studies by F-wave technique, with conventional distal motor and sensory conduction were performed along the ulnar nerves of 20 patients each with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and/or myelopathy and with classical motor neurone disease (MND). Such F-wave parameters as shortest F-latency, F-conduction velocity, conduction time and F-ratio were calculated. Twenty-five age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers acted as controls. Proximal slowing associated with sensory conduction abnormalities and normal distal motor conduction favored cervical spondylosis (CS). Distal slowing with a normal proximal motor and sensory conduction was associated with motor neurone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Thacker
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Radhakrishnan K, Thacker AK, Maloo JC, Ben Dardef A. Carpal tunnel syndrome complicating Cimino-Brescia fistula: an electrophysiologic evaluation. Nephron Clin Pract 1988; 48:263-4. [PMID: 3352863 DOI: 10.1159/000184938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Radhakrishnan K, Thacker AK, Maloo JC, Gerryo SE, Mousa ME. Descriptive epidemiology of some rare neurological diseases in Benghazi, Libya. Neuroepidemiology 1988; 7:159-64. [PMID: 3405368 DOI: 10.1159/000110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During a 4-year study period, January 1983 to December 1986, 24 patients (18 index cases) with spinal muscular atrophy (hereditary motor neuropathy, HMN), 9 with myasthenia gravis (MG), 6 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 5 with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were diagnosed in Benghazi. The HMN group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disease. The crude average annual incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500 births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6 and 0.6/100,000, respectively. The larger family size and the high rate of consanguineous marriages contribute to the high frequency of HMN in the study area. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of the total cases. The adjusted average incidence of MG was 4.4/million/year, 2.1 for males and 6.8 for females. The female:male incidence ratio was 3.2:1. The crude average annual incidence rates/million inhabitants for PSP asnd SSPE were 3 and 2.4, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of SSPE among the subtropical Arab community under investigation is comparable with other surveys from the Middle East and Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
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Maloo JC, Radhakrishnan K, Poddar SK, Thacker AK. Conjugal motor neurone disease. J Assoc Physicians India 1987; 35:303-4. [PMID: 3654530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
In this report a family is described where cerebellar ataxia occurred along with total albinism. A possibility of syntenic condition of the two genes responsible for the traits could explain the occurrence of the two conditions. The presence of two traits singly in the sibs reflects a recombinant event and suggests that the linkage is not absolute. Chromosomal study did not show any structural or numerical anomalies except in 1/50 metaphase plates scored in the proband (with cerebellar ataxia) where in chromosome No. 14 proximal intense band (21) seemed to be shifted, inv. (14) (q13q23?). The affected sibs with ataxia and albinism or ataxia alone depicted relatively a lower sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate than their parents and age matched controls.
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Sodhani P, Singh NK, Thacker AK, Katiyar BC, Misra S. Intrathecal hyaluronidase therapy in tuberculous spinal arachnoiditis. J Assoc Physicians India 1986; 34:636-8. [PMID: 3793698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Twenty-eight consecutive male patients with primary and secondary hypogonadism (14 each) were evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically for muscle dysfunction. Although generalised muscle weakness was initially reported by only 9 patients, on direct questioning, it was recorded in 19. Objective weakness was found in 13 patients and it involved both the proximal and distal limb muscles. Quantitative electromyography showed evidence of myopathy in the proximal muscle in 25 patients, i.e., reduced MUP duration and amplitude with increased polyphasia in the deltoid and the gluteus maximus. There were no denervation potentials. None of the patients showed clinical neuropathy or NCV abnormalities. Thus, the profile of muscle involvement in hypogonadism closely simulates limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and other endocrine myopathies. The incidence of muscle involvement was higher in secondary hypogonadism. Diminished androgens in primary hypogonadism and diminished growth hormone in the secondary hypogonadism are probably responsible for the myopathy.
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Mohanty S, Thacker AK, Katiyar BC, Misra S, Rao CJ, Rao SN. Recurrent subarachnoid haemorrhage in pituitary adenoma. J Assoc Physicians India 1979; 27:539-41. [PMID: 528513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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