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Papamichail GV, Georgiadis AN, Tellis CC, Rapti I, Markatseli TE, Xydis VG, Tselepis AD, Drosos AA, Voulgari PV. Antibodies against oxidized LDL and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biological agents: a prospective controlled study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:481-488. [PMID: 37642764 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relation among atherosclerosis, antibodies against oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL), and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with biological (b) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS Fifty-nine patients who were receiving conventional synthetic DMARDs and were eligible for treatment with a biological agent were included in the study. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and IgG antibodies against oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL) as well as carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were determined before and after 6 months of treatment. Thirty-one healthy individuals were used as a control group. RESULTS At baseline, RA patients had lower TC and HDL-C levels and increased cIMT compared to controls. After a 6-month follow-up, the re-evaluation of carotids revealed a statistically important decrease of cIMT values. This observation was accompanied by a statistically important elevation of HDL-C levels and a reduction of the titer of anti-oxLDL antibodies regardless of the bDMARD that was administered. No statistically significant association was found between the cIMT and anti-oxLDL, HDL-C, CRP, or DAS28 score neither before nor 6 months after treatment using linear regression analyses adjusted for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that atherogenic lipid profile and ongoing atherosclerosis which characterize RA patients appear to improve after biological therapy, and we also suggest a possible atherogenic effect of IgG anti-ox LDL antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Papamichail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A N Georgiadis
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - C C Tellis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - I Rapti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - T E Markatseli
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - V G Xydis
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A D Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A A Drosos
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - P V Voulgari
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Papamichail GV, Markatseli TE, Georgiadis AN, Xydis VG, Milionis H, Drosos AA, Voulgari PV. The effects of biologic agents on cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a prospective observational study. Heart Vessels 2022; 37:2128-2136. [PMID: 35739432 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-022-02114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the impact of biologic treatment on subclinical atherosclerosis and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Forty-nine biologic naïve RA patients, treated with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), who were eligible for treatment with a biologic agent, were included in the study. The serum levels of lipid parameters, as well as disease activity parameters were determined in RA patients before and after 3 and 6 months of therapy. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured before and after treatment. A comparison analysis of change of these parameters was also performed between anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) and non-anti-TNF users. Furthermore, 31 non-smoking healthy volunteers, matched for age and gender, were used as a control group. At baseline, RA patients had a decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared with controls (209 ± 63 vs 233 ± 44 and 58 ± 15 vs 61 ± 14, p < 0.004), while cIMT was higher versus controls [0.9 (0.8-1) vs 0.6 (0.5-0.7), p < 0.001]. TC, HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 levels were significantly increased 3 months after treatment (209 ± 63, 58 ± 15, 162 ± 32, vs 227 ± 45, 60 ± 15, 169 ± 29, respectively, p < 0.03) and this observation remained stable at a 6-month follow-up. After 6 months, there was also a statistically significant decrease in the cIMT [0.9 (0.8-1) vs 0.7 (0.6-0.8), p < 0.001]. Anti-TNF and non-anti-TNF users had comparable changes in cardiovascular risk parameters. The atherogenic lipid profile and subclinical atherosclerosis are features of RA, which appeared improved after biologic therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Papamichail
- Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - T E Markatseli
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A N Georgiadis
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - V G Xydis
- Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - H Milionis
- Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A A Drosos
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - P V Voulgari
- Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece. .,Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Pelechas E, Georgiadis AN, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Methotrexate and interstitial lung disease. Is there a real causative factor? Rheumatol Int 2021; 41:2045-2046. [PMID: 34043045 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Pelechas
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A N Georgiadis
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - P V Voulgari
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A A Drosos
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Sixty-six patients with SSc who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the disease were included. The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined in all patients. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaques were measured. Patients with a history of atherosclerosis, hypertension, smokers, or patients suffering from conditions that affect the lipid profile, such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, liver or kidney diseases, Cushing's syndrome, obesity, and a history of familial dyslipidaemia, were excluded. Patients receiving medication affecting lipid metabolism were also excluded from the study. Fifty-one age- and sex-matched non-smoking volunteers were used as controls. RESULTS Sixty patients were investigated. Six were excluded. Of these, two were smokers, two had diabetes mellitus, one hypothyroidism, and one had hypertension treated with diuretics. Patients with SSc exhibited mild dyslipidaemia expressed mainly by low serum levels of HDL-C and high TC (p < 0.001 and p < 0.021, respectively) compared to controls. In addition, the atherogenic ratio LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly higher among SSc patients (p < 0.0001). Common carotid artery IMTs were higher in SSc compared to controls (0.77 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.59 +/- 0.14, p < 0.0001). No correlation between IMTs and any SSc features were found. Logistic regression analysis showed an independent association of scleroderma with IMTs and TC. CONCLUSION The scleroderma patients exhibited an atherogenic lipid profile and subclinical atherosclerosis and have an increased risk for cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsifetaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Clinic, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Chatzikyriakidou A, Georgiou I, Voulgari PV, Georgiadis AN, Argyriou ES, Drosos AA. Glucocorticoid receptor variants may predispose to rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 38:1-5. [DOI: 10.1080/03009740802366068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Metafratzi ZM, Georgiadis AN, Ioannidou CV, Alamanos Y, Vassiliou MP, Zikou AK, Raptis G, Drosos AA, Efremidis SC. Pulmonary involvement in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 36:338-44. [DOI: 10.1080/03009740701393957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dalavanga YA, Voulgari PV, Georgiadis AN, Leontaridi C, Katsenos S, Vassiliou M, Drosos AA, Constantopoulos SH. Lymphocytic alveolitis: A surprising index of poor prognosis in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2005; 26:799-804. [PMID: 16344933 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-005-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Twelve years ago we reported that lymphocytic alveolitis [or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytosis] correlates with clinical pulmonary involvement in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). Our thesis was based on subtle clinical and functional evidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in pSS patients with "high lymphocytic alveolitis" (>15% lymphocytes in BAL). This report is a follow-up study of these patients. Basic clinical and functional re-evaluation of the 22 patients with pSS, studied in 1991, emphasized the differences between those with alveolitis and those without alveolitis. There was no significant functional decline. There were, however, two statistically significant differences between the two groups: (1) only patients with BAL lymphocytosis had to be treated with steroids (5/12 vs. 0/10, P < 0.05) and (2) only patients with BAL lymphocytosis had died in the mean time (6/12 vs. 0/10, P < 0.01). The causes of death were various. On only two occasions were they related to respiratory infections while there were no deaths from respiratory failure secondary to ILD. BAL lymphocytosis appears to be a surprisingly serious index of dismal prognosis in patients with pSS. We offer no unifying pathophysiologic mechanism for it and, therefore, all we propose is that BAL is performed early, in as many patients with pSS as possible. These patients should then be followed up systematically, in order to evaluate if BAL lymphocytosis has any pathophysiologic importance in the development of clinically serious pSS, which is serious enough to lead to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Dalavanga
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Hyphantis TN, Bai M, Siafaka V, Georgiadis AN, Voulgari PV, Mavreas V, Drosos AA. Psychological distress and personality traits in early rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary survey. Rheumatol Int 2005; 26:828-36. [PMID: 16341699 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-005-0086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate psychiatric manifestations, personality traits, and ego mechanisms of defense involved in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Twenty-two unselected early RA outpatients with disease duration less than 1 year participated in the study. The majority of participants were females (72.7%), married (81.8%), aged 51.0+/-14.6 years. Thirty-four subjects matched for age, sex and educational level served as "healthy" controls. General Heath Questionnaire, Symptom Distress Checklist, Defense Style Questionnaire and Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire were used; disease activity was estimated by disease activity for 28-joint indices score. RESULTS Seven patients (31.8%) presented psychological distress scores indicative of possible psychiatric caseness, expressing obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depression, as compared to six (17.6%) of controls. Social dysfunction distress and somatization were prominent psychiatric manifestations in early RA group. Early RA patients tend to adopt a less adaptive defense style than controls. Although disease activity was not correlated to psychological distress, a significant association between disease activity and patients' defensive style was observed: as the disease is exacerbated, there was a shift from "non-adaptive" to "immature image distorting or borderline" defense style, suggesting a rather fragile underlying personality structure. CONCLUSION Psychological distress is a relatively common experience in early RA. Social dysfunction, along with the less adaptive defense style, which under the stress of the disease exacerbation turns to "borderline", underlines the importance of a careful assessment and consultation in early RA patients in order to face the distress shortly after diagnosis and highlights potential risk factors for future adaptation to exacerbations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Hyphantis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Nikas SN, Voulgari PV, Alamanos Y, Papadopoulos CG, Venetsanopoulou AI, Georgiadis AN, Drosos AA. Efficacy and safety of switching from infliximab to adalimumab: a comparative controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 65:257-60. [PMID: 15975964 PMCID: PMC1798023 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.039099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had previously discontinued infliximab treatment. METHODS 24 patients with RA who discontinued treatment with infliximab (switchers) were treated with adalimumab (40 mg every 2 weeks, subcutaneously) for 12 months. The results were compared with those for 25 patients with RA receiving adalimumab who had not previously used an anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (controls). Disease activity was measured with the 28 joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28), and clinical response with the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% response criteria. RESULTS At baseline there were no differences in demographic, clinical, and laboratory features between the two groups. After 12 months' adalimumab treatment, clinical improvement was similar in both groups. More specifically, ACR 20% response criteria were achieved by 18/24 (75%) switchers and by 19/25 (76%) subjects in the control group. Four switchers discontinued the study-two because of adverse events and two because of lack of efficacy, while three control patients discontinued the study-one because of lack of efficacy and two owing to side effects. CONCLUSION Adalimumab is a well tolerated and effective treatment for patients with RA, even when infliximab has been discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Nikas
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Drosos AA, Georgiadis AN, Metafratzi ZM, Voulgari PV, Efremidis SC, Bai M. Sinus histocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) in a patient with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol 2004; 33:119-22. [PMID: 15163114 DOI: 10.1080/03009740310004739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sinus histocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare disease that has been described by Rosai and Dorfman. It is characterized by massive, cervical lymphadenopathy, with extranodal manifestations in about 40% of patients. It occurs as a distinct entity, never associated with other diseases, and in most cases the prognosis is good. Lymphadenopathy is also a frequent sign of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), usually associated with disease activity or concurrent infection. However, excessive lymphadenopathy in SS patients is a sign of lymphoproliferative disorder development. In this report, we describe a patient with primary SS, and excessive lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly who developed Rosai-Dorfman disease, and we discuss the possible aetiopathophysiological mechanism linking these two entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Drosos
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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Temekonidis TI, Alamanos Y, Nikas SN, Bougias DV, Georgiadis AN, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Infliximab therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: an open label 12 month study. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 62:1218-20. [PMID: 14644863 PMCID: PMC1754384 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.014258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long term infliximab therapy in patients with severe refractory ankylosing spondylitis (AS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty five patients (24 male, 1 female; mean (SD) age 36.0 (10.5); disease duration 13.8 (8.5) years) with AS fulfilling the modified New York criteria for AS were investigated. Twenty two (88%) patients were HLA-B27 positive. All patients had active axial disease (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) >/=30/100) and C reactive protein (CRP) >/=10 mg/l, despite adequate treatment. Intravenous infliximab (5 mg/kg) was given at weeks 0, 2, 6, and every eight weeks thereafter for 12 months. The primary end point was the reduction of the patient's global assessment of pain (GAP) by >20% on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. RESULTS GAP was reduced by >20% in 23 (92%) patients, by 50% in 21 (84%) patients, and by 70% in 13 (52%). The change in BASDAI and CRP from baseline was statistically significant. The treatment was well tolerated with minimal side effects. One patient dropped out owing to inefficacy and one stopped treatment owing to an allergic reaction. CONCLUSION This longer length study confirms the efficacy of infliximab and the good safety profile in patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Temekonidis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Georgiadis AN, Tzambouras N, Ioachim E, Tsianos EV, Agnantis N, Drosos AA. Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis associated with Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21:363-5. [PMID: 12846059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we report a patient with long-standing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, who developed Crohn's disease. We discuss the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms and their associations between these two entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Georgiadis
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Temekonidis TI, Georgiadis AN, Alamanos Y, Bougias DV, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Infliximab treatment in combination with cyclosporin A in patients with severe refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61:822-5. [PMID: 12176808 PMCID: PMC1754214 DOI: 10.1136/ard.61.9.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether infliximab can be used in combination with cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who cannot tolerate methotrexate (MTX). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with refractory RA receiving low dose CsA (2 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (5 mg/day) were treated with intravenous infliximab. The patients were given infliximab (3 mg/kg weight) at 0, two, six, and every eight weeks thereafter for a total period of 12 months. Clinical improvement was evaluated according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20% response criteria. RESULTS Eighty per cent of patients receiving the combination treatment with CsA and infliximab achieved the 20% ACR criteria for response to treatment, whereas 39% satisfied the 50% response criteria. In addition, a 76% reduction in swollen and tender joint count was found. Finally, a reduction in C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was maintained throughout the study. In general, treatment was well tolerated, with minimal adverse drug reactions. Two patients dropped out; one because of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction and the other because of the development of pulmonary tuberculosis. CONCLUSION Multiple infusions of infliximab and low doses of CsA improve patients with refractory RA. It seems that CsA may be an alternative disease modifying drug to be used in combination with infliximab in patients with refractory RA who cannot tolerate MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Temekonidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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