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Rajawat D, Ghildiyal K, Sonejita Nayak S, Sharma A, Parida S, Kumar S, Ghosh AK, Singh U, Sivalingam J, Bhushan B, Dutt T, Panigrahi M. Genome-wide mining of diversity and evolutionary signatures revealed selective hotspots in Indian Sahiwal cattle. Gene 2024; 901:148178. [PMID: 38242377 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The Sahiwal cattle breed is the best indigenous dairy cattle breed, and it plays a pivotal role in the Indian dairy industry. This is due to its exceptional milk-producing potential, adaptability to local tropical conditions, and its resilience to ticks and diseases. The study aimed to identify selective sweeps and estimate intrapopulation genetic diversity parameters in Sahiwal cattle using ddRAD sequencing-based genotyping data from 82 individuals. After applying filtering criteria, 78,193 high-quality SNPs remained for further analysis. The population exhibited an average minor allele frequency of 0.221 ± 0.119. Genetic diversity metrics, including observed (0.597 ± 0.196) and expected heterozygosity (0.433 ± 0.096), nucleotide diversity (0.327 ± 0.114), the proportion of polymorphic SNPs (0.726), and allelic richness (1.323 ± 0.134), indicated ample genomic diversity within the breed. Furthermore, an effective population size of 74 was observed in the most recent generation. The overall mean linkage disequilibrium (r2) for pairwise SNPs was 0.269 ± 0.057. Moreover, a greater proportion of short Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) segments were observed suggesting that there may be low levels of recent inbreeding in this population. The genomic inbreeding coefficients, computed using different inbreeding estimates (FHOM, FUNI, FROH, and FGROM), ranged from -0.0289 to 0.0725. Subsequently, we found 146 regions undergoing selective sweeps using five distinct statistical tests: Tajima's D, CLR, |iHS|, |iHH12|, and ROH. These regions, located in non-overlapping 500 kb windows, were mapped and revealed various protein-coding genes associated with enhanced immune systems and disease resistance (IFNL3, IRF8, BLK), as well as production traits (NRXN1, PLCE1, GHR). Notably, we identified interleukin 2 (IL2) on Chr17: 35217075-35223276 as a gene linked to tick resistance and uncovered a cluster of genes (HSPA8, UBASH3B, ADAMTS18, CRTAM) associated with heat stress. These findings indicate the evolutionary impact of natural and artificial selection on the environmental adaptation of the Sahiwal cattle population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rajawat
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Kanika Ghildiyal
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Sonali Sonejita Nayak
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Anurodh Sharma
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Shive Kumar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Umesh Singh
- ICAR Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, UP, India
| | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
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Dadwal R, Paul S, Gupta P, Yadav R, Sood S, Ghosh AK, Shivaprakash MR, Gainder S, Sethi S. Stable isotope labeling as a promising tool for rapid drug susceptibility testing in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1819-1825. [PMID: 37258877 PMCID: PMC10485193 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is heading towards an era of intractable and impending untreatable N. gonorrhoeae, thereby underlining the significance of rapid and accurate prediction of drug resistance as an indispensable need of the hour. In the present study, we optimized and evaluated a stable isotope labeling-based approach using the MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) for rapid and reliable detection of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae. All the isolates were cultured under three varied condition setups viz. medium supplemented with normal lysine, heavy lysine (isotope), and heavy lysine along with the antibiotics (ciprofloxacin/azithromycin), respectively. After incubation, spectra were acquired using the MALDI-TOF MS which were further screened for unique patterns (media-specific spectra) to differentiate drug-susceptible and resistant isolates. The results of the stable isotope labeling assay were comparable to the results of phenotypic methods used for susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Dadwal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Saikat Paul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Parakriti Gupta
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Seema Sood
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - M R Shivaprakash
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shalini Gainder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sunil Sethi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Bell RM, Basalay M, Bøtker HE, Beikoghli Kalkhoran S, Carr RD, Cunningham J, Davidson SM, England TJ, Giesz S, Ghosh AK, Golforoush P, Gourine AV, Hausenloy DJ, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Kleinbongard P, Lecour S, Lukhna K, Ntsekhe M, Ovize M, Salama AD, Vilahur G, Walker JM, Yellon DM. Remote ischaemic conditioning: defining critical criteria for success-report from the 11th Hatter Cardiovascular Workshop. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:39. [PMID: 35970954 PMCID: PMC9377667 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute biennial workshop, originally scheduled for April 2020 but postponed for 2 years due to the Covid pandemic, was organised to debate and discuss the future of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning (RIC). This evolved from the large multicentre CONDI-2-ERIC-PPCI outcome study which demonstrated no additional benefit when using RIC in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The workshop discussed how conditioning has led to a significant and fundamental understanding of the mechanisms preventing cell death following ischaemia and reperfusion, and the key target cyto-protective pathways recruited by protective interventions, such as RIC. However, the obvious need to translate this protection to the clinical setting has not materialised largely due to the disconnect between preclinical and clinical studies. Discussion points included how to adapt preclinical animal studies to mirror the patient presenting with an acute myocardial infarction, as well as how to refine patient selection in clinical studies to account for co-morbidities and ongoing therapy. These latter scenarios can modify cytoprotective signalling and need to be taken into account to allow for a more robust outcome when powered appropriately. The workshop also discussed the potential for RIC in other disease settings including ischaemic stroke, cardio-oncology and COVID-19. The workshop, therefore, put forward specific classifications which could help identify so-called responders vs. non-responders in both the preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - M Basalay
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - H E Bøtker
- Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Beikoghli Kalkhoran
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - R D Carr
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | | | - S M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - T J England
- Stroke, Division of Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Giesz
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - A K Ghosh
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - P Golforoush
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - A V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - D J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- CVMD, Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - G Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - B Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital & CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - S Lecour
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Lukhna
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Ntsekhe
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Ovize
- INSERM U1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bâtiment B13, F-69500, Bron, France
| | | | - G Vilahur
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Walker
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - D M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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Lal K, Singh N, Kumar A, Agarwal N, Datta R, Datta R, Bhardwaj P, Chadha DS, Ghosh AK, Kumar R. Association of ischemic electrocardiographic changes in high-altitude areas with coronary angiography. Med J Armed Forces India 2021; 77:403-407. [PMID: 34594067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soldiers native to lowlands, while sojourning at high altitude (HA), are referred to tertiary care centers with electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. Exposure to HA may precipitate myocardial ischemia in subjects with underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). Conversely, it may produce physiological ECG changes mimicking those of CAD, causing a diagnostic dilemma. This study sought to correlate the presence of CAD on coronary angiography (CAG) with a putative diagnosis of CAD based on clinical findings and ECG. Methods A prospective study was conducted on patient's from HA areas, referred for evaluation for CAD to a single center at near-sea-level. Thirty-five minimally symptomatic/asymptomatic soldiers with ECG changes suggestive of CAD, underwent CAG. Correlation was sought between ECG and CAG evidence of CAD. Results The association of CAD on CAG with clinical and ECG diagnosis of CAD was not significant, 4 of the 35 soldiers (11.4%) showing CAG evidence of CAD (chi square 3.849, p = 0.697). The association between symptoms and coronary artery lesions was, also, not significant, only four of twenty-three (17.4%) minimally symptomatic subjects having CAD on CAG. Conclusion Insignificant numbers of previously healthy persons, who present with minimal symptoms and ECG changes suggestive of CAD while sojourning at HA, have coronary artery involvement on CAG. Those with incidental ECG changes, without symptomatology, do not have CAD on CAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Lal
- SMO, HCMS, LNJP Civil Hospital, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Navreet Singh
- Senior Adviser (Cardiology), AFCME Subroto Park, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Senior Adviser (Medicine and Cardiologist), 7 Air Force Hospital, Kanpur, U.P., India
| | - Naveen Agarwal
- Dy Commandant & Chief Instructor, Army Medical Centre, Centre & College, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | - D S Chadha
- Professor and Senior Consultant (Cardiology), Manipal Hospitals, Kodihalli, Bangalore, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Senior Adviser (Medicine and Cardiology), Army Institute of Cardio Thoracic Sciences, Pune, 40, India
| | - Ratheesh Kumar
- Senior Adviser (Medicine and Cardiology), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
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Ghosh AK, Venkatraman S, Soroka O, Reshetnyak E, Rajan M, An A, Chae JK, Gonzalez C, Prince J, DiMaggio C, Ibrahim S, Safford MM, Hupert N. Association between overcrowded households, multigenerational households, and COVID-19: a cohort study. Public Health 2021; 198:273-279. [PMID: 34492508 PMCID: PMC8328572 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of overcrowded and multigenerational households as a risk factor for COVID-19 remains unmeasured. The objective of this study is to examine and quantify the association between overcrowded and multigenerational households and COVID-19 in New York City (NYC). STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. METHODS We conducted a Bayesian ecological time series analysis at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level in NYC to assess whether ZCTAs with higher proportions of overcrowded (defined as the proportion of the estimated number of housing units with more than one occupant per room) and multigenerational households (defined as the estimated percentage of residences occupied by a grandparent and a grandchild less than 18 years of age) were independently associated with higher suspected COVID-19 case rates (from NYC Department of Health Syndromic Surveillance data for March 1 to 30, 2020). Our main measure was an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of suspected COVID-19 cases per 10,000 population. Our final model controlled for ZCTA-level sociodemographic factors (median income, poverty status, White race, essential workers), the prevalence of clinical conditions related to COVID-19 severity (obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, asthma, smoking status, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and spatial clustering. RESULTS 39,923 suspected COVID-19 cases were presented to emergency departments across 173 ZCTAs in NYC. Adjusted COVID-19 case rates increased by 67% (IRR 1.67, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.52) in ZCTAs in quartile four (versus one) for percent overcrowdedness and increased by 77% (IRR 1.77, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.79) in quartile four (versus one) for percent living in multigenerational housing. Interaction between both exposures was not significant (βinteraction = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-1.00). CONCLUSIONS Overcrowdedness and multigenerational housing are independent risk factors for suspected COVID-19. In the early phase of the surge in COVID cases, social distancing measures that increase house-bound populations may inadvertently but temporarily increase SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk and COVID-19 disease in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - S Venkatraman
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, 129 Garden Ave., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - O Soroka
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - E Reshetnyak
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - M Rajan
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - A An
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 402 E 67th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J K Chae
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - C Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J Prince
- Silberman School of Social Work at Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 Third Ave, New York, NY, 10035, USA
| | - C DiMaggio
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 462 First Ave, NBV 15, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - S Ibrahim
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 402 E 67th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - M M Safford
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - N Hupert
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 402 E 67th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Moitra S, Moitra S, Ghosh AK, Sengupta S, Das PK, Das A, Mitra R, Murgia N, Usmani OS. Reference values of impulse oscillometry (IOS) for healthy Indian adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 24:536-539. [PMID: 32398207 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Moitra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERSP), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Charnock Hospital, Kolkata, India, Department of Pneumology, Allergy & Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Department of Statistics, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - S Sengupta
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Charnock Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - P K Das
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Charnock Hospital, Kolkata, India, Department of Pneumology, Allergy & Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - A Das
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - R Mitra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - N Murgia
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - O S Usmani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK, ,
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Singh P, Alam M, Kumar S, Anand K, Gangwar VK, Ghosh S, Sawada M, Shimada K, Singh RK, Ghosh AK, Chatterjee S. Roles of Re-entrant cluster glass state and spin-lattice coupling in magneto-dielectric behavior of giant dielectric double perovskite La 1.8Pr 0.2CoFeO 6. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:445801. [PMID: 32688353 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aba778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
La based Co-Fe combined double perovskite (La1.8Pr0.2CoFeO6) was synthesized and the dielectric (zero-field and in-field), magnetic, x-ray absorption and Raman spectroscopy measurements have been investigated for La1.8Pr0.2CoFeO6 double perovskite. The existence of re-entrant cluster glass state is observed. The magneto-dielectric (MD) is found in two temperature regions (25-80 K and 125-275 K). It has been demonstrated that the observed MD at low and high temperatures are respectively due to the spin freezing and the spin-lattice coupling. Furthermore, the very large dielectric constant and the low loss suggest that La1.8Pr0.2CoFeO6 is very important from the application point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajyoti Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India
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Alam M, Singh P, Anand K, Pal A, Ghosh S, Ghosh AK, Singh RK, Joshi AG, Chatterjee S. Extraordinary magnetic properties of double perovskite Eu 2CoMnO 6 wide band gap semiconductor. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:365802. [PMID: 32541098 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8ecc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some novel magnetic behaviours in double perovskite Eu2CoMnO6 (ECMO) have been reported. The x-ray photoemission spectroscopy study shows the presence of mixed valence states of transition metal ions. The UV-visible absorption spectroscopic study suggests that the ECMO has a direct wide band gap. A second-order magnetic phase transition as a sudden jump in the magnetization curve has been observed around 124.5 K. The large bifurcation between the zero field cooling and field cooling, suggests existence of strong spin frustration in the system. The inverse DC susceptibility confirms the presence of the Griffiths like phase. Sharp steps in magnetization have been observed in the M-H curve at 2 K, which vanishes on increasing temperature. The AC susceptibility study demonstrates the Hopkinson like effect as well as the presence of volume spin-glass-like behaviour. The temperature dependent Raman spectrum shows the presence of spin-phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Alam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi-221005, India
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Singh A, Kumar S, Singh M, Singh P, Singh R, Gangwar VK, Lakhani A, Patil S, Schwier EF, Matsumura T, Shimada K, Ghosh AK, Chatterjee S. Anomalous Hall effect in Cu doped Bi 2Te 3 topological insulator. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:305602. [PMID: 32235039 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The angle resolved photo-emission spectroscopy (ARPES) study and magneto-transport properties of Bi2Cu x Te3-x have been investigated. ARPES study indicates the clear existence of surface states in the as-prepared samples. The estimated bandgap from ARPES is found to be ∼5 meV and 16 meV respectively for x = 0.03 and x = 0.15 samples. Presence of larger Cu concentration (x = 0.15) introduces magnetic ordering. Observed non-linearity in the Hall data is due to the existence of anomalous Hall effect which can be attributed to the 2D transport. The observed magneto-transport features might be related to the surface carriers which is confirmed by ARPES study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221-005, India
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Singh AD, Ghosh AK, Mehrotra RC, Patnaik R, Tiwari M. Recent advances in understanding Neogene climatic evolution: Indian perspective. PINSA 2020. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2020/49776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chong JH, Maxwell M, Smith T, Walker MJ, Crake T, Westwood M, Ghosh AK, Manisty CH. P680The clinical value of CMR in the management of Cardio-Oncology patients - a tertiary centre experience. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is increasing awareness of cardiotoxicity arising from cancer treatments. Early diagnosis and treatment is key, to ensure patients receive optimal oncological management. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers gold standard measurement of cardiac function, alongside tissue characterisation and myocardial perfusion, thereby potentially providing additive value in the context of cardio-oncology.
Purpose
We sought to understand the clinical value of CMR in cardio-oncology at a tertiary cardio-oncology centre.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed CMR scans requested in cardio-oncology patients at our institution within a ten-month period. We categorised clinical indications and assessed the impact on clinical management using previously-published criteria.
Results
102 CMR studies were requested in 93 cardio-oncology patients (mean age 56 (range 18 to 82), 49% male) between (March to December 2018). 41% of patients had haematological malignancies, 59% solid tumours.
15% of requests were for risk stratification prior to initiation of cancer therapy, 21% for screening for cardio-toxicity in patients currently receiving cardiotoxic agents (3% anthracyclines, 13% HER2 monoclonal antibodies, 4% fluoropyrimidines), 15% for investigation of patients with cardiac complications during cancer treatment, 35% assessment for late effects post cancer treatment, and 14% for cardiac malignancies/ infiltration.
The most common indications for CMR were monitoring of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients where quantification by echocardiography was non-diagnostic or significantly different between imaging studies (39%) and ischaemia assessment including for patients due to receive fluoropyrimidines (26%). Others were aetiology of LV dysfunction/cardiomyopathy (13%) and tissue characterisation (23%), including assessment for cardiac AL amyloid (11 patients), myocarditis (2), cardiac metastases (1), cardiac masses (6), and cardiac iron loading (1).
CMR findings had clinical impact in 61% of patients and assisted in adjudicating a new diagnosis in 29% of patients. 88% of patients were able to continue anthracycline/anti-HER2 therapies based on CMR findings of stable LVEF (93% of whose echocardiograms had suggested reductions). LVEF had reduced significantly in 12% of patients meaning chemotherapy was held/discontinued. 3 patients were recommended to receive non-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy based on perfusion CMR (pCMR) findings, with one patient permitted to receive capecitabine following normal pCMR.
Conclusion
CMR provides a comprehensive assessment of myocardial structure and function with utility within the context of cardio-oncology for risk stratification pre-chemotherapy, screening for cardiotoxicity during treatment and investigation of cardiac complications of cancer treatment. The additional information derived from CMR generally provides reassurance enabling administration of optimal cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Chong
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Maxwell
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Smith
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - M J Walker
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Crake
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Westwood
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - A K Ghosh
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - C H Manisty
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Pal A, Ghosh S, Joshi AG, Kumar S, Patil S, Gupta PK, Singh P, Gangwar VK, Prakash P, Singh RK, Schwier EF, Sawada M, Shimada K, Ghosh AK, Das A, Chatterjee S. Investigation of multi-mode spin-phonon coupling and local B-site disorder in Pr 2CoFeO 6 by Raman spectroscopy and correlation with its electronic structure by XPS and XAS studies. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:275802. [PMID: 30921773 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure of Pr2CoFeO6 (at 300 K) was investigated by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. All three cations, i.e. Pr, Co and Fe were found to be trivalent in nature. XPS valance band analysis suggested the system to be insulating in nature. The analysis suggested that Co3+ ions exist in low spin state in the system. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy study indicated the random distribution of the B-site ions (Co/Fe) triggered by same charge states. In temperature-dependent Raman study, the relative heights of the two observed phonon modes exhibited anomalous behaviour near magnetic transition temperature T N ~ 270 K, thus indicating towards interplay between spin and phonon degrees of freedom in the system. Furthermore, clear anomalous softening was observed below T N which confirmed the existence of strong spin-phonon coupling occurring for at least two phonon modes of the system. The line width analysis of the phonon modes essentially ruled out the role of magnetostriction effect in the observed phonon anomaly. The investigation of the lattice parameter variation across T N (obtained from the temperature-dependent neutron diffraction measurements) further confirmed the existence of the spin-phonon coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadeb Pal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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13
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Ghosh B, Ghosh AK, Mamtani VS, Bindal RC. High-flux thin-film composite polyamide (TFCP) forward osmosis membranes for concentration of simulated cesium- and strontium-bearing effluent solution. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1586730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bitan Ghosh
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - V. S. Mamtani
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - R. C. Bindal
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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14
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Honnavar P, Ghosh AK, Paul S, Shankarnarayan SA, Singh P, Dogra S, Chakrabarti A, Rudramurthy SM. Identification of Malassezia species by MALDI-TOF MS after expansion of database. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:118-123. [PMID: 30025965 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of Malassezia species is evolving with introduction of molecular techniques, and difficulty is faced to identify the species by phenotypic methods. Among 15 known Malassezia species, the present Bruker database could identify only 2 species. The present study was aimed to improve Matrix -assisted laser desorption ionization time-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based identification of Malassezia species. A total of 88 isolates (DNA sequencing confirmed) for database preparation and, for the validation of database, 190 isolates confirmed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used. The main spectrum profile dendrogram showed the sufficient discrimination between all the species by MALDI-TOF MS. The updated Malassezia database could identify 94.7% and 5.3% strains to the species and genus level, respectively. MALDI-TOF MS is a significantly reliable technique, and results were comparable with PCR-RFLP with kappa value 0.9. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS could be a possible alternative tool to other molecular methods for rapid and accurate identification of Malassezia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Honnavar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S Paul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S A Shankarnarayan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - P Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - A Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausumi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonia R. Lakhotia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - R. C. Bindal
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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16
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Abstract
Abstract
The interplay of screw speed and residence time during polymer blend extrusion profoundly influences blend properties. Herein, blends of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) and polystyrene (PS) containing 30% by weight PS were prepared at a constant feed rate but different screw speeds (50, 100, 200 and 300 min−1). The blend produced at 100 min−1 (B100) possessed a finer morphology, better mechanical and rheological properties, attributed to suitability of residence time and viscosity ratio. When batch foamed with carbon dioxide at 110°C and 100°C, all blends produced stable foams. B100 foams exhibited higher volume expansion ratio (VE) due to higher complex viscosity and storage modulus. When foaming was conducted at 35°C, all foams shrank. B100 foams possessed higher cell density, lower VE and showed faster shrinkage due to increased nucleation and hindered expansion by the finely dispersed stiff PS aggregates during selective foaming of the elastomeric phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Banerjee
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi , India
| | - S. S. Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials , Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria , South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi , India
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17
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Bhasin V, Srivastava A, Rastogi R, Lele HG, Vaze KK, Ghosh AK, Kushwaha HS. Best-Estimate Evaluation of Large-Break Loss-of-Coolant Accident for Advanced Natural Circulation Nuclear Reactor. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse160-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Bhasin
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Health Safety and Environmental Group Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - A. Srivastava
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Health Safety and Environmental Group Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - R. Rastogi
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Health Safety and Environmental Group Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - H. G. Lele
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Health Safety and Environmental Group Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - K. K. Vaze
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Health Safety and Environmental Group Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Health Safety and Environmental Group Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
| | - H. S. Kushwaha
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Health Safety and Environmental Group Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085, India
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18
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Ahmad N, Bhatnagar S, Saxena R, Iqbal D, Ghosh AK, Dutta R. Biosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles: Kinetics, in vitro and in vivo study. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 78:553-564. [PMID: 28576021 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a facile, cost effective, nontoxic and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. In this paper, leaf extract of Mentha piperita was successfully used to reduce chloroauric acid, leading to synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were further characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Kinetics studies like effect of volume of leaf extract, precursor, pH, temperature for the synthesis of AuNPs were studied spectrophotometrically. Synthesized AuNPs were found to possess hexagon structure where size of nanoparticles was ~78nm in diameter. These biologically synthesized AuNPs exhibited significant activity against cancerous cell lines MDA-MB-231 and A549 and was compared with the normal 3T3-L1 cell line. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were studied on a Wistar rat model to gauge the impact of AuNPs for a probable role in these applications. AuNPs gave positive results for both these activities, although the potency was less as compared to the standard drugs. These results suggested that the leaves extract of Mentha piperita is a very good bioreductant for the synthesis of AuNPs and have potential for various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, U.P., India
| | - Sharad Bhatnagar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, U.P., India; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ritika Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, U.P., India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, U.P., India; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-majma'ah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - A K Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, U.P., India
| | - Rajiv Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Plot No: 32 &34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, 201 306, U.P., India.
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19
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Tiwari N, Kumar S, Ghosh AK, Chatterjee S, Jha S, Bhattacharyya D. Structural investigations of (Mn, Dy) co-doped ZnO nanocrystals using X-ray absorption studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10748j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EXAFS measurements on sol gel derived (Mn, Dy) co-doped ZnO nanocrystals show that oxygen vacancies are created near the Dy sites into ZnO lattice. Thus, oxygen vacancy assisted bound magnetic polarons contribute to the RTFM in the Dy doped samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Tiwari
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
| | - S. Kumar
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046
- Japan
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | - S. Chatterjee
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | - S. N. Jha
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - D. Bhattacharyya
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
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20
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Singh R, Shukla KK, Kumar A, Okram GS, Singh D, Ganeshan V, Lakhani A, Ghosh AK, Chatterjee S. Large power factor and anomalous Hall effect and their correlation with observed linear magneto resistance in Co-doped Bi2Se3 3D topological insulator. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:376001. [PMID: 27419361 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/37/376001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR), thermo power, magnetization and Hall effect measurements have been performed on Co-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulators. The undoped sample shows that the maximum MR as a destructive interference due to a π-Berry phase leads to a decrease of MR. As the Co is doped, the linearity in MR is increased. The observed MR of Bi2Se3 can be explained with the classical model. The low temperature MR behavior of Co doped samples cannot be explained with the same model, but can be explained with the quantum linear MR model. Magnetization behavior indicates the establishment of ferromagnetic ordering with Co doping. Hall effect data also supports the establishment of ferromagnetic ordering in Co-doped Bi2Se3 samples by showing the anomalous Hall effect. Furthermore, when spectral weight suppression is insignificant, Bi2Se3 behaves as a dilute magnetic semiconductor. Moreover, the maximum power factor is observed when time reversal symmetry (TRS) is maintained. As the TRS is broken the power factor value is decreased, which indicates that with the rise of Dirac cone above the Fermi level the anomalous Hall effect and linearity in MR increase and the power factor decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, India
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21
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Boysen J, Nelson M, Magzoub G, Maiti GP, Sinha S, Goswami M, Vesely SK, Shanafelt TD, Kay NE, Ghosh AK. Dynamics of microvesicle generation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implication in disease progression. Leukemia 2016; 31:350-360. [PMID: 27480387 PMCID: PMC5288303 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients contained elevated levels of microvesicles (MVs). However, given the quiescent nature of CLL B-cells and the relative indolence of the disease, the dynamics of MV generation and their unique phenotypes are not clearly defined. In this study, we find that CLL B-cells generate MVs spontaneously and can be further induced by B-cell receptor-ligation. Most interestingly, CLL B-cells predominantly generate CD52+ MVs, but not CD19+ MVs in vitro, suggesting preferential usage of CD52 into leukemic-MVs and that the CLL plasma MV phenotypes corroborate well with the in vitro findings. Importantly, we detected increased accumulation of CD52+ MVs in previously untreated CLL patients with progressive disease. Finally, sequential studies on MVs in pre- and post-therapy CLL patients demonstrate that while the plasma CD52+ MV levels drop significantly after therapy in most and remain at low levels in some patients, a trend of increased accumulation of CD52+ MVs was detected in majority of post-therapy CLL patients (25 of 33). In total this study emphasizes that dynamic accumulation of CD52+ MVs in plasma can be used to study CLL progression and may be a useful biomarker for patients as they progress and require therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boysen
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Nelson
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G Magzoub
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - G P Maiti
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - S Sinha
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Goswami
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S K Vesely
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - T D Shanafelt
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A K Ghosh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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22
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LaMontagne DS, Fenton KA, Pimenta JM, Catchpole M, Rogers PA, Randall S, Hewitt WG, Mallinson H, Underhill GS, McLean L, Gleave T, Harindra V, Ghosh AK, Tobin JM. Using chlamydia positivity to estimate prevalence: evidence from the Chlamydia Screening Pilot in England. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 16:323-7. [PMID: 15899088 DOI: 10.1258/0956462053654249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that positivity can be used to estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in large-scale chlamydia screening programmes. A recent pilot of opportunistic screening in England estimated that the prevalence among 16–24-year-old women in Portsmouth and Wirral was 9.8% and 11.2%, respectively. This study assessed the continued validity of positivity as an approximate for prevalence. We re-analysed data from the Chlamydia Screening Pilot to estimate positivity, calculated as total positive tests divided by total tests, and compared these estimates with the previously reported prevalence, measured as the number of women testing positive divided by the total number of women screened. Overall positivity was 9.4% in Portsmouth and 11.0% in the Wirral; these estimates were not statistically different from prevalence, regardless of health-care setting, age group or symptoms. We conclude that positivity can be used as a proxy for prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S LaMontagne
- Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, HIV and STI Department, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
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23
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Zafar MT, Zarrinbakhsh N, Mohanty AK, Misra M, Maiti SN, Ghosh AK. Biocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)/willow-fiber and their injection moulded microcellular foams. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Malhotra VK, Singh N, Bishnoi RS, Chadha DS, Bhardwaj P, Madan H, Dutta R, Ghosh AK, Sengupta S, Perumal P. The prevalence of abnormal ECG in trained sportsmen. Med J Armed Forces India 2015; 71:324-9. [PMID: 26663958 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competitive sports training causes structural and conductive system changes manifesting by various electrocardiographic alterations. We undertook this study to assess the prevalence of abnormal ECG in trained Indian athletes and correlate it with the nature of sports training, that is endurance or strength training. METHODS We evaluated a standard resting, lying 12 lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) in 66 actively training Indian athletes. Standard diagnostic criteria were used to define various morphological ECG abnormalities. RESULTS 33/66 (50%) of the athletes were undertaking endurance training while the other 33 (50%) were involved in a strength-training regimen. Overall 54/66 (81%) sportsmen had significant ECG changes. 68% of these changes were considered as normal training related features, while the remaining 32% were considered abnormal. There were seven common training related ECG changes-Sinus Bradycardia (21%), Sinus Arrhythmia (16%), 1st degree Atrioventricular Heart Block (6%), Type 1 2nd-degree Atrioventicular Heart Block (3%), Incomplete Right bundle branch block (RBBB) (24%), Early Repolarization (42%), Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) (14%); while three abnormal ECG changes--T-wave inversion (13%), RBBB(4%), Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) with strain (29%) were noted. Early repolarization (commonest change), sinus bradycardia, and incomplete RBBB were the commoner features noticed, with a significantly higher presence in the endurance trained athletes. CONCLUSION A high proportion of athletes undergoing competitive level sports training are likely to have abnormal ECG recordings. Majority of these are benign, and related to the physiological adaptation to the extreme levels of exertion. These changes are commoner during endurance training (running) than strength training (weightlifting).
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Malhotra
- Sports Physiologist, Army Sports Institute, Pune 411036, India
| | - Navreet Singh
- Classified Specialist (Medicine) and Cardiologist, Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, 110011, India
| | - R S Bishnoi
- Commanding Officer, Army Sports Institute, Pune 411036, India
| | - D S Chadha
- Senior Adviser (Medicine) and Cardiology, Military Hospital (Cardiothoracic Center), Pune 411040, India
| | - P Bhardwaj
- Consultant (Medicine) and Cardiologist, Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi 110011, India
| | - H Madan
- Senior Adviser (Medicine) and Cardiologist, Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi 110011, India
| | - R Dutta
- Consultant (Medicine) and Cardiologist, & Commandant, Armed Forces Clinic, Dalhousie Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Senior Adviser (Medicine) and Cardiology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - S Sengupta
- Classified Specialist (Medicine) and Cardiologist, Military Hospital Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - P Perumal
- Nursing Assistant (Cardiology), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
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25
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Chadha DS, Singh N, Tewari AK, Kumar RSV, Yadav KK, Naveen AJ, Bhartiya M, Gupta VK, Wagh A, Ghosh AK. Hyperperfusion Syndrome after Carotid Artery Stenting. Med J Armed Forces India 2015; 71:S156-9. [PMID: 26265815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D S Chadha
- Senior Adviser (Medicine and Cardiology), Military Hospital (Cardiothoracic Center), Pune 411040, India
| | - Navreet Singh
- Classified Specialist (Medicine and Cardiology), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi 110011, India
| | - A K Tewari
- Commandant, Armed Forces Medical Store Depot, Mumbai 400101, India
| | - R S V Kumar
- Brig I/C Adm, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - K K Yadav
- Senior Adviser (Surgery & Neurosurgery), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - A J Naveen
- Senior Resident (Cardiology), Military Hospital (Cardiothoracic Center), Pune 411040, India
| | - Manish Bhartiya
- Resident (Medicine), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Gupta
- Senior Resident (Neurosurgery), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - Amit Wagh
- Senior Resident (Neurosurgery), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - A K Ghosh
- Senior Adviser (Medicine and Cardiology), Military Hospital (Cardiothoracic Center), Pune 411040, India
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Kumar M, Mukhopadhyay D, Ghosh AK, Kumar R. Sensitivity study with respect to direction of ADI method during re-flooding in AHWR. KERNTECHNIK 2015. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Advanced Heavy water Reactor (AHWR) is a natural circulation vertical pressure tube type boiling light water cooled and heavy water moderated reactor. As the AHWR fuel bundle quenching under accident condition is designed primarily with radial jets at several axial locations, bottom re-flooding still remain open as another option. Radial direction injection of emergency core cooling leads to rewetting of AHWR fuel cluster in circumferential direction. A 3D fuel pin model has been developed by using Finite Difference Method (FDM) of transient heat conduction equation. Alternating Direction Implicit technique of Finite Difference Method (FDM) has been used for discretisation of numerical equation in different time step at different direction. Sensitivity numerical study with respect to direction of ADI method has been carried out to optimize the time step during the transient as well as steady state and is found that it is insensitivity with direction of solution. Further, to assess influence of circumferential rewetting vis-à-vis axial rewetting. Both the analyses are carried out with same fluid temperature and heat transfer coefficients as boundary conditions. It has been found from the analyses that for radial jet, the circumferential conduction is significant and overall the fuel temperature falls in the quench plane with the initiation of quenching event. The paper discusses the sensitivity study with respect to direction of ADI solution and comparison of numerical results for circumferential and axial rewetting for single pin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kumar
- Reactor Safety Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai , India
| | - D. Mukhopadhyay
- Reactor Safety Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai , India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Raja Ramanna Fellow , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai , India
| | - R. Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology , Roorkee , India
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Gokhale OS, Puranik BP, Ghosh AK. Investigation of Effect of Ballooned Fuel Pins on Quenching Behavior: Design of Experiment and Preliminary Analysis. NUCL TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.13182/nt14-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. S. Gokhale
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Reactor Safety Division, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - B. P. Puranik
- Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Health Safety and Environment Group, Mumbai 400 085, India
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28
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Ghosh AK, Bindal RC, Tewari PK. Preparation of Silica-Polysulfone Based High Flux Fouling Resistant Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membranes for Separation of Proteins, Polysaccharides and Humic Substances. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1007276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Kumar S, Dwivedi GD, Kumar S, Mathur RB, Saxena U, Ghosh AK, Joshi AG, Yang HD, Chatterjee S. Structural, transport and optical properties of (La0.6Pr0.4)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 nanocrystals: a wide band-gap magnetic semiconductor. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:3109-17. [PMID: 25567084 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(La0.6Pr0.4)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 system has been synthesized via a sol-gel route at different sintering temperatures. Structural, transport and optical measurements have been carried out to investigate (La0.6Pr0.4)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 nanoparticles. Raman spectra show that Jahn-Teller distortion has been decreased due to the presence of Ca and Pr in A-site. Magnetic measurements provide a Curie temperature around 200 K and saturation magnetization (MS) of about 3.43μB/Mn at 5 K. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy study suggests that Mn exists in a dual oxidation state (Mn(3+) and Mn(4+)). Resistivity measurements suggest that charge-ordered states of Mn(3+) and Mn(4+), which might be influenced by the presence of Pr, have enhanced insulating behavior in (La0.6Pr0.4)0.65Ca0.35MnO3. Band gap estimated from UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements comes in the range of wide band gap semiconductors (∼3.5 eV); this makes (La0.6Pr0.4)0.65Ca0.35MnO3 a potential candidate for device application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Kumar
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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30
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Ghosh B, Ghosh AK, Bindal RC, Tewari PK. Studies on Concentration of Simulated Ammonium-diuranate Filtered Effluent Solution by Forward Osmosis Using Indigenously Developed Cellulosic Osmosis Membranes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.973517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Das A, Sen D, Mazumder S, Ghosh AK, Basak CB, Dasgupta K. Formation of nano-structured core–shell micro-granules by evaporation induced assembly. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-structured spherical micro-granules of core–shell morphology have been realized by utilizing the contrasting interfacial interaction of two different types of nano-particles with liquid solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Das
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai – 400 085
- India
| | - D. Sen
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai – 400 085
- India
| | - S. Mazumder
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai – 400 085
- India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Membrane Development Section
- Chemical Engineering Group
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai – 400 085
- India
| | - C. B. Basak
- Glass and Advanced Materials Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai – 400 085
- India
| | - K. Dasgupta
- Rare Earths Development Section
- Materials Group
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai – 400 085
- India
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32
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Prakash O, Gautam P, Kumar S, Singh P, Dani RK, Bharty MK, Singh NK, Ghosh AK, Deckert V, Singh RK. Surface enhanced Raman scattering investigation of two novel piperazine carbodithioic acids adsorbed on Ag and ZnO nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work piperazine-1-carbodithioic acid (PZCDT) and piperazine-1,4-dicarbodithioic acid (PZbCDT) were synthesized and SERS investigation with Ag & ZnO nanoparticles has been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Department of Physics
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi
- India
| | | | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Physics
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi
- India
| | - Pushkar Singh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - R. K. Dani
- Department of Chemistry
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi
- India
| | - M. K. Bharty
- Department of Chemistry
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi
- India
| | - N. K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi
- India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Department of Physics
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi
- India
| | - V. Deckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich-Schiller University
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33
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Shukla KK, Shahi P, S. G, Kumar A, Ghosh AK, Singh R, Sharma N, Das A, Sinha AK, Joshi AG, Nigam AK, Chatterjee S. Magnetic and optical properties of Fe doped crednerite CuMnO2. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13305j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A geometrically frustrated magnetic CuMnO2 system has been investigated because of its rich magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal K. Shukla
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - P. Shahi
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Gopal S.
- School of Material Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology, (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Department of Physics
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Ripandeep Singh
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Neetika Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - A. Das
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - A. K. Sinha
- Indus Synchrotrons Utilization Division
- Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
- Indore 452013
- India
| | | | - A. K. Nigam
- Department of CMP & MS Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Sandip Chatterjee
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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34
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Ghosh AK, Paul S, Sood P, Rudramurthy SM, Rajbanshi A, Jillwin TJ, Chakrabarti A. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of yeasts causing bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:372-8. [PMID: 25658527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have systematically standardised and evaluated matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for identification of yeasts from bloodstream infections. This is rapidly becoming pertinent for early identification of yeasts and appropriate antifungal therapy. We used 354 yeast strains identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing for standardisation and 367 blind clinical strains for validation of our MALDI-TOF MS protocols. We also evaluated different sample preparation methods and found the on-plate formic acid extraction method as most cost- and time-efficient. The MALDI-TOF assay correctly identified 98.9% of PCR-sequenced yeasts. Novel main spectrum projections (MSP) were developed for Candida auris, C. viswanathii and Kodamaea ohmeri, which were missing from the Bruker MALDI-TOF MS database. Spectral cut-offs computed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed 99.4% to 100% accuracy at a log score of ≥ 1.70 for C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. pelliculosa, C. orthopsilosis, C. albicans, C. rugosa, C. guilliermondii, C. lipolytica, C. metapsilosis, C. nivariensis. The differences in the species-specific scores of our standardisation and blind validation strains were not statistically significant, implying the optimal performance of our test protocol. The MSPs of the three new species also were validated. We conclude that MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid, accurate and reliable tool for identification of bloodstream yeasts. With proper standardisation, validation and regular database expansion, its efficiency can be further enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S Paul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - P Sood
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A Rajbanshi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - T J Jillwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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35
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Abstract
Abstract
Vibration casting method was developed for making polyetherimide (PEI)/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite. Towards this, a vibration casting apparatus was designed and developed. Vibration casting apparatus provided vibrational energy and heat, simultaneously. The processing parameters were established for vibration casting in terms of frequency of vibration, temperature, time and viscosity of casting mixture. Casting mixture of PEI/Cloisite 30B/N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) was made by dissolving PEI in DMAc and then mixing Cloisite 30B in this solution. The viscosity of PEI/Cloisite 30B/DMAc mixture was optimized for casting by controlling the volume fraction of PEI in DMAc. Morphology of PEI/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite was examined by wide angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurement. Mechanical and thermal properties of PEI/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite were also compared with that of neat PEI to ascertain the efficacy of vibration casting method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dwivedi
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi , India
- Defence Research and Development Organisation , DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi , India
| | - K. K. Gaur
- Defence Research and Development Organisation , DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi , India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi , India
| | - S. Alam
- Defence Materials and Stores Research & Development Establishment , DMSRDE PO, Kanpur , India
| | - N. Bhatnagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi , India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi , India
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36
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37
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Abstract
Seven different mushrooms, in submerged culture, are capable of utilizing various polysaccharides, i.e., xylan, mannan, cellulose, dextran, inulin, added in the medium as sole source of carbon. But chitin was found to be not utilized by any of them. Xylan is commonly utilized by all the mushrooms tested. Inducible and constitutive types of hydrolytic enzymes for those polysaccharides have been identified in the fermented broth of the mushrooms. Xylanase was found to be a constitutive enzyme for most of the strains exceipt for <i>Panaeolus papilionaceus</i> (Bull. ex Fr.) Fr. for which it is inducible.
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38
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Kumar M, Mukhopadhyay D, Ghosh AK, Kumar R. Effectiveness of radial flow on rewetting of AHWR fuel cluster. KERNTECHNIK 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rewetting of a hot surface is the process of establishing direct liquid contact with a large portion of the surface whose initial temperature exceeds that required to maintain film boiling for prescribed surface and flow conditions. The Advanced Heavy water Reactor (AHWR) is a natural circulation vertical pressure tube type boiling light water cooled and heavy water moderated reactor. In case of a loss of coolant accident, the clad surface temperature goes up very high and comes down due to coolant injection from the Emergency Core Coolant System (ECCS). The rewetting takes place in Boiling Water Reactors (BWR) due to top flooding and Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR) due to bottom flooding. But in AHWR, the emergency coolant enters into the reactor core in radial direction and after this, cross flow phenomenon takes place from one fuel pin ring to next. The study is being carried out on the effect of cross flow on rewetting of AHWR fuel bundle. This paper will discuss the modeling of the experimental setup having pressure tube, fuel cluster, steam generator, accumulator etc and study the effect of radial flow on rewetting of fuel pins. An analysis of the model, considering with and without cross flow, has been carried out and shows that the pick fuel temperature is sensitive to cross flow. The thermal hydraulic safety analysis code Relap5/3.2 is being used for modeling of experimental setup for rewetting study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kumar
- Reactor Safety Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai , India
| | - D. Mukhopadhyay
- Reactor Safety Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai , India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Raja Ramanna Fellow , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai , India
| | - R. Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology , Roorkee , India
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Abstract
Abstract
Experiments have been carried out to study the heatup behavior of a submerged debris bed constituted of segmented reactor channels of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR). The study has been done for under fully submerged, partially submerged and nearly exposed conditions. This situation may arise from a severe accident scenario of PHWR where full or segmented reactor channels are likely to be disassembled and form a submerged debris bed. An assembly of electrical heater rod, simulating fuel bundle and channel components like Pressure tube and calandria tube constitute each segmented reactor channels. Ten such reactor channels constitute the debris bed. Heatup of this debris bed is observed with respect to different water levels and at power levels of 10, 20 and 30 kW, typical to decay power levels of 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 0.75 % of reactor full power respectively. It has been observed from the set of experiments that fully submerged debris bed does not get heated up and fuel rod temperature remains at saturation temperature. Heatup is observed for exposed channels only, however the heatup rate is limited with steam and radiative cooling. For exposed debris bed, channels surrounded by neighboring channels get heated up as compared to channels at the periphery of the debris bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mukhopadhyay
- Reactor Safety Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 , India
| | - P. K. Vijayan
- Reactor Safety Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 , India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Reactor Safety Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085 , India
| | - P. K. Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology , Roorkee , India
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40
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Kumar A, Tripathi RM, Rout S, Mishra MK, Ravi PM, Ghosh AK. Characterization of groundwater composition in Punjab state with special emphasis on uranium content, speciation and mobility. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2014-2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Groundwaters (borewell and handpump) were sampled from two districts (Bathinda and Mansa) of Punjab state and analyzed for
their major ionic concentrations and uranium isotope compositions in order to assess the possible origins of the waters and
water–rock interactions that occurred in the deep aquifer system. The major ionic concentrations of waters were plotted on
a Piper diagram and grouped into four dominant hydrochemical facies as (Na+K)-SO4+Cl type (69% – 73%),
(Ca+Mg)-SO4+Cl type (6% – 21%), (Ca+Mg)–HCO3 type (4% – 6%) and (Na+K)-HCO3 type
(2% – 19%). It was observed that mobility of uranium in groundwater was very much influenced by TDS (total
dissolved solids). To investigate the various mechanisms for deriving the elevated uranium concentrations in groundwater,
234U/238U activity ratios (ARs) were calculated using the determined activity levels of
234U and 238U. The mean ARs was found to be near unity (i.e. secular equilibrium) in the study
regions confirmed that uranium in groundwaters was mainly resulted from its host/parent rocks through weathering processes. The
concentration of HCO3
− in ground water showed one order of magnitude higher than the total dissolved SiO2
indicates that carbonate weathering was the dominant process due to major water–rock interaction. The uranium speciation in
groundwaters was investigated by an equilibrium model calculation using MEDUSA (make equilibrium diagrams using sophisticated
algorithms) under the influence of redox conditions and complexant concentration. At the observed range of pH values, the
predominant redox speciation of uranium was observed as hydroxo-carbonato complexes of (UO2)2(CO3)(OH)3
−
and hydroxyl complexes of UO2(OH)3
− which might be caused for increasing the solubility of uranium. Due to very
low concentration of phosphate in groundwater, its effects on U(VI)-aqueous speciation was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. M. Tripathi
- Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sabyasachi Rout
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Manish K. Mishra
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - P. M. Ravi
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Director, Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Upadhyay S, Ghosh AK, Singh V. Inefficiency of ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Ziziphus mauritiana roots on androgenic alopecia. J Pharm Negative Results 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/0976-9234.136787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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42
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Sardar AH, Das S, Agnihorti S, Kumar M, Ghosh AK, Abhishek K, Kumar A, Purkait B, Ansari MY, Das P. Spinigerin induces apoptotic like cell death in a caspase independent manner in Leishmania donovani. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:715-25. [PMID: 24184774 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are multifunctional components of the innate immune system. Chemotherapeutic agents used for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are now threatened due to the emergence of acquired drug resistance and toxicity. AMPs are attractive alternative to conventional pharmaceuticals. In this study, first time we explored the antileishmanial activity of spinigerin originally derived from Pseudacanthotermes spiniger. Leishmania donovani promastigotes present apoptosis-like cell death upon exposure to spinigerin (IC50, 150 μM). The infection rate was reduced by 20% upon exposure to 150 μM spinigerin but no cytotoxicity on host macrophages was observed. Elevation of intracellular ROS level and down-regulation of two ROS detoxifying enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and trypanothione reductase (TR) suggested essential role of ROS machinery during spinigerin mediated cell death. About 97% cell population was found to be Annexin-V positive; 44% cells being highly Annexin-V positive. Moreover, we observed morphological changes like cell rounding, nuclear condensation, oligonucleosomal DNA degradation and TUNEL positive cells without loss of membrane integrity upon spinigerin exposure, suggests apoptosis-like death. Interestingly, collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased level of intracellular ROS and calcium were not associated with caspase like activity. Computational analysis suggests spiningerin interacts with trypanothione reductase and thus probably interferes its function to detoxify the toxic ROS level. Therefore, spinigerin induces apoptosis-like cell death in L. donovani in a caspase-independent manner. The study elucidates the antileishmanial property of spinigerin that may be considered for future chemotherapeutic option alone or adjunct with other drug regimens for improved treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sardar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Agamkuan, Patna 800007, India
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Ghosh AK, Hughes AD, Francis DP, Chaturvedi N, Mayet J, Kuh D, Deanfield J, Pellerin D, Hardy R. Age at first detection of overweight and adult life course BMI are associated with future diastolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht307.p740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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44
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Charakida M, Khan T, Hardy R, Woodside J, Masi S, Ghosh AK, Hughes A, Kuh D, Deanfield JE. Adiposity and intima media thickness in adulthood. The influence of weight loss and physical activity. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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45
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Ghosh AK, Hardy R, Francis DP, Mayet J, Chaturvedi N, Kuh D, Deanfied J, Pellerin D, Hughes AD. Age at first detection of overweight and adult lfe course BMI are associated with future increased left ventricular mass index. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht307.p739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Gokhale OS, Puranik BP, Ghosh AK. Analytical study on degraded core quenching. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Severe accident analysis of a reactor helps in emergency planning and evolution of Severe Accident Management Guidelines (SAMG). Actions recommended in the SAMG aim at arresting accident progression and limiting significant radioactive release. However, success of these SAMG actions needs to be assessed with respect to the evolution of accident. Analysis of consequences of injection of water into the reactor pressure vessel from bottom only as a SAMG action has been carried out for VVER-1000 (V320) reactor. The analysis shows that the success of this SAMG action depends not only on the state of core degradation at the time of injection, but also on the highest temperature reached in the reactor core at the time of injection as well as the availability of steam in the RPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. S. Gokhale
- O. S. Gokhale, Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India, E-mail:
| | - B. P. Puranik
- B. P. Puranik, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- A. K. Ghosh, Healt Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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47
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Ghosh AK, Lindt JT. Processing of ABS Latex in a Single Screw Extruder. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.900195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The feasibility of the continuous and direct conversion from latex to wet crumb through the coagulation process in an extruder has been demonstrated through this work. The coagulation efficiency in the extruder has been largely governed by temperature. The maximum rate of increase of the first and the second moments of the particle size distribution of the coagulated latex occur in the neighborhood of the polymer glass transition temperature. The particle densities showed no longer a one-to-one relationship to the specific surface typical of the batch coagulation experiments, as the material coagulated in the extruder did not reach the same degree of equilibrium. Although the basic trends remained the same as in the batch coagulation experiments, the addition of residence time distribution, inherently associated with the extruder operation, introduced some significant changes into the coagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Ghosh
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, U.S.A
| | - J. T. Lindt
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, U.S.A
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48
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Abstract
Abstract
Experiments have been carried out to study the heatup behavior of a single segmented reactor channel for Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor under submerged, partially submerged and exposed conditions. This situation may arise from a severe accident scenario of Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors where full or segmented reactor channels are likely to be disassembled and form a submerged debris bed. An assembly of electrical heater rod, simulating fuel bundle and channel components like Pressure Tube and Calandria Tube constitutes the segmented reactor channel. Heatup of this assembly is observed with respect to different water levels ranging from full submergence to totally exposed and power levels of 6–8 kW, typical to decay power level. It has been observed from the set of experiment that fuel bundle local dry out followed by heatup does not happen till the bundle is partially submerged. Temperature excursion of the bundle is evident when the bundle is exposed to steam-air environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mukhopadhyay
- E-mail: , Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - P. K. Sahoo
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Health, Safety & Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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49
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Thangamani I, Gera B, Dutta A, Verma V, Singh RK, Ghosh AK. Preliminary evaluation of effect of Engineered Safety Features on source term for AHWR containment. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The proposed Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) employs double containment envelope along with many Engineered Safety Features (ESFs) to mitigate the consequences of Loss-of-Coolant Accidents (LOCA) with safety system failure, during which high enthalpy steam and radioactive fission products will be discharged into the containment. In such conditions, the pressurized containment will be the source of activity release to the environment by way of leakage. It is required to study the effect of ESFs on the source term from the AHWR containment. An analysis was performed to evaluate the release rate from the AHWR containment during a postulated accident with the in-house containment code CONTRAN and the aerosol behavior code NAUA5-M in a coupled way. Modules for simulating the engineered safety features were incorporated in the CONTRAN code and the aerosol transport behaviour was evaluated using NAUA5-M separately. The AHWR containment is divided into three nodal volumes interconnected by junctions. The blow down mass, energy discharge data and activity released into the containment from the reactor core, for a postulated LOCA case of 200% RIH break with failure of shutdown systems (1 & 2), are inputs to the CONTRAN code. Thermodynamic parameters like containment gas temperature, partial pressure of steam, air in the subdivided volumes along with the flow rates through junctions obtained from CONTRAN were supplied to NAUA5-M. An analysis was carried out for a number of cases, postulated based on availability/unavailability of ESFs. Pressure, temperature and activity concentration transients were evaluated, for 72 h, in the subdivided volumes along with the activity released out of the containment through leakages and stack discharges for all the cases. This paper highlights the importance of operation of ESF in reducing the activity release to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Thangamani
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - B. Gera
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - A. Dutta
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - V. Verma
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - R. K. Singh
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
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50
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Dutta A, Goyal P, Singh RK, Ghosh AK. Simulation model of a nuclear power plant turbine. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A computer code “TURDYN” has been developed for prediction of high pressure and low pressure turbine torque under thermodynamic transient conditions. The model is based on the conservation laws of mass and energy. All the important components of turbine systems, e. g. high pressure turbine, low pressure turbine, feed heaters, reheater, moisture separator have been considered. The dynamic equations are solved simultaneously to obtain the stage pressure at various load conditions. The details of the mathematical formulation of the model and open loop responses for specific disturbances are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dutta
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085. E-mail:
| | - P. Goyal
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085. E-mail:
| | - R. K. Singh
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085. E-mail:
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai – 400 085. E-mail:
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