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Postolache D, Oddou-Muratorio S, Vajana E, Bagnoli F, Guichoux E, Hampe A, Le Provost G, Lesur I, Popescu F, Scotti I, Piotti A, Vendramin GG. Genetic signatures of divergent selection in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) are associated with the variation in temperature and precipitation across its distribution range. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5029-5047. [PMID: 34383353 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High genetic variation and extensive gene flow may help forest trees with adapting to ongoing climate change, yet the genetic bases underlying their adaptive potential remain largely unknown. We investigated range-wide patterns of potentially adaptive genetic variation in 64 populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) using 270 SNPs from 139 candidate genes involved either in phenology or in stress responses. We inferred neutral genetic structure and processes (drift and gene flow) and performed differentiation outlier analyses and gene-environment association (GEA) analyses to detect signatures of divergent selection. Beech range-wide genetic structure was consistent with the species' previously identified postglacial expansion scenario and recolonization routes. Populations showed high diversity and low differentiation along the major expansion routes. A total of 52 loci were found to be putatively under selection and 15 of them turned up in multiple GEA analyses. Temperature and precipitation related variables were equally represented in significant genotype-climate associations. Signatures of divergent selection were detected in the same proportion for stress response and phenology-related genes. The range-wide adaptive genetic structure of beech appears highly integrated, suggesting a balanced contribution of phenology and stress-related genes to local adaptation, and of temperature and precipitation regimes to genetic clines. Our results imply a best-case scenario for the maintenance of high genetic diversity during range shifts in beech (and putatively other forest trees) with a combination of gene flow maintaining within-population neutral diversity and selection maintaining between-population adaptive differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Postolache
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea", Romania
| | - S Oddou-Muratorio
- INRAE, URFM, Avignon, France.,ECOBIOP Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, INRAE, ECOBIOP, E2S UPPA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - E Vajana
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Bagnoli
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - E Guichoux
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - A Hampe
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - G Le Provost
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
| | - I Lesur
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France.,HelixVenture, Mérignac, France
| | - F Popescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea", Romania
| | | | - A Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - G G Vendramin
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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Carbognani M, Piotti A, Leonardi S, Pasini L, Spanu I, Vendramin GG, Tomaselli M, Petraglia A. Reproductive and genetic consequences of extreme isolation in Salix herbacea L. at the rear edge of its distribution. Ann Bot 2019; 124:849-860. [PMID: 31361802 PMCID: PMC6868362 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS At the rear edge of the distribution of species, extreme isolation and small population size influence the genetic diversity and differentiation of plant populations. This may be particularly true for Arctic-alpine species in mid-latitude mountains, but exactly how peripherality has shaped their genetic and reproductive characteristics is poorly investigated. The present study, focused on Salix herbacea, aims at providing new insights into the causes behind ongoing demographic dynamics and their consequences for peripheral populations of Arctic-alpine species. METHODS We performed a whole-population, highly detailed sampling of the only two S. herbacea populations in the northern Apennines, comparing their clonal and genetic diversity, sex ratio and spatial genetic structure with a reference population from the Alps. After inspecting ~1800 grid intersections in the three populations, 563 ramets were genotyped at 11 nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSRs). Past demography and mating patterns of Apennine populations were investigated to elucidate the possible causes of altered reproductive dynamics. KEY RESULTS Apennine populations, which experienced a Holocene bottleneck and are highly differentiated (FST = 0.15), had lower clonal and genetic diversity compared with the alpine population (RMLG = 1 and HE = 0.71), with the smaller population exhibiting the lowest diversity (RMLG = 0.03 and HE = 0.24). An unbalanced sex ratio was found in the larger (63 F:37 M) and the smaller (99 F:1 M) Apennine population. Both were characterized by the presence of extremely large clones (up to 2500 m2), which, however, did not play a dominant role in local reproductive dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Under conditions of extreme isolation and progressive size reduction, S. herbacea has experienced an alteration of genetic characteristics produced by the prevalence of clonal growth over sexual reproduction. However, our results showed that the larger Apennine population has maintained levels of sexual reproduction enough to counteract a dramatic loss of genetic and clonal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Pasini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - I Spanu
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - G G Vendramin
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - M Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Heer K, Behringer D, Piermattei A, Bässler C, Brandl R, Fady B, Jehl H, Liepelt S, Lorch S, Piotti A, Vendramin G, Weller M, Ziegenhagen B, Büntgen U, Opgenoorth L. Linking dendroecology and association genetics in natural populations: Stress responses archived in tree rings associate with SNP genotypes in silver fir (Abies albaMill.). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1428-1438. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Heer
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - D. Behringer
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - A. Piermattei
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences; Marche Polytechnic University; Ancona Italy
- Dendro Science; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - C. Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park; Grafenau Germany
| | - R. Brandl
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - B. Fady
- INRA; UR Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes; Avignon France
| | - H. Jehl
- Bavarian Forest National Park; Grafenau Germany
| | - S. Liepelt
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - S. Lorch
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - A. Piotti
- National Research Council; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; Firenze Italy
| | - G.G. Vendramin
- National Research Council; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources; Firenze Italy
| | - M. Weller
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - B. Ziegenhagen
- Faculty of Biology, Conservation Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - U. Büntgen
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Dendro Science; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL; Birmensdorf Switzerland
- CzechGlobe, Global Change Research Institute CAS and Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - L. Opgenoorth
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-University Marburg; Marburg Germany
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Beghè D, Piotti A, Satovic Z, de la Rosa R, Belaj A. Pollen-mediated gene flow and fine-scale spatial genetic structure in Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris. Ann Bot 2017; 119:671-679. [PMID: 28028015 PMCID: PMC5571374 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wild olive ( Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris ) is important from an economic and ecological point of view. The effects of anthropogenic activities may lead to the genetic erosion of its genetic patrimony, which has high value for breeding programmes. In particular, the consequences of the introgression from cultivated stands are strongly dependent on the extent of gene flow and therefore this work aims at quantitatively describing contemporary gene flow patterns in wild olive natural populations. METHODS The studied wild population is located in an undisturbed forest, in southern Spain, considered one of the few extant hotspots of true oleaster diversity. A total of 225 potential father trees and seeds issued from five mother trees were genotyped by eight microsatellite markers. Levels of contemporary pollen flow, in terms of both pollen immigration rates and within-population dynamics, were measured through paternity analyses. Moreover, the extent of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) was studied to assess the relative importance of seed and pollen dispersal in shaping the spatial distribution of genetic variation. KEY RESULTS The results showed that the population under study is characterized by a high genetic diversity, a relatively high pollen immigration rate (0·57), an average within-population pollen dispersal of about 107 m and weak but significant SGS up to 40 m. The population is a mosaic of several intermingled genetic clusters that is likely to be generated by spatially restricted seed dispersal. Moreover, wild oleasters were found to be self-incompatible and preferential mating between some genotypes was revealed. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the within-population genetic structure and gene flow dynamics will lead to identifying possible strategies aimed at limiting the effect of anthropogenic activities and improving breeding programmes for the conservation of olive tree forest genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Beghè
- Department of Food Science, Parco Area delle Scienze, 95/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Tree and Timber (IVALSA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - A. Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Z. Satovic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R. de la Rosa
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - A. Belaj
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Bertolasi B, Leonarduzzi C, Piotti A, Leonardi S, Zago L, Gui L, Gorian F, Vanetti I, Binelli G. A last stand in the Po valley: genetic structure and gene flow patterns in Ulmus minor and U. pumila. Ann Bot 2015; 115:683-92. [PMID: 25725008 PMCID: PMC4343291 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulmus minor has been severely affected by Dutch elm disease (DED). The introduction into Europe of the exotic Ulmus pumila, highly tolerant to DED, has resulted in it widely replacing native U. minor populations. Morphological and genetic evidence of hybridization has been reported, and thus there is a need for assessment of interspecific gene flow patterns in natural populations. This work therefore aimed at studying pollen gene flow in a remnant U. minor stand surrounded by trees of both species scattered across an agricultural landscape. METHODS All trees from a small natural stand (350 in number) and the surrounding agricultural area within a 5-km radius (89) were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. Trees were morphologically characterized as U. minor, U. pumila or intermediate phenotypes, and morphological identification was compared with Bayesian clustering of genotypes. For paternity analysis, seeds were collected in two consecutive years from 20 and 28 mother trees. Maximum likelihood paternity assignment was used to elucidate intra- and interspecific gene flow patterns. KEY RESULTS Genetic structure analyses indicated the presence of two genetic clusters only partially matching the morphological identification. The paternity analysis results were consistent between the two consecutive years of sampling and showed high pollen immigration rates (∼0·80) and mean pollination distances (∼3 km), and a skewed distribution of reproductive success. Few intercluster pollinations and putative hybrid individuals were found. CONCLUSIONS Pollen gene flow is not impeded in the fragmented agricultural landscape investigated. High pollen immigration and extensive pollen dispersal distances are probably counteracting the potential loss of genetic variation caused by isolation. Some evidence was also found that U. minor and U. pumila can hybridize when in sympatry. Although hybridization might have beneficial effects on both species, remnant U. minor populations represent a valuable source of genetic diversity that needs to be preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bertolasi
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - C Leonarduzzi
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - A Piotti
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - L Zago
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - L Gui
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - F Gorian
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - I Vanetti
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - G Binelli
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
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Piotti A, Leonardi S, Buiteveld J, Geburek T, Gerber S, Kramer K, Vettori C, Vendramin GG. Comparison of pollen gene flow among four European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations characterized by different management regimes. Heredity (Edinb) 2012; 108:322-31. [PMID: 21897442 PMCID: PMC3282401 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the dispersal capability of a species can provide essential information for the management and conservation of its genetic variability. Comparison of gene flow rates among populations characterized by different management and evolutionary histories allows one to decipher the role of factors such as isolation and tree density on gene movements. We used two paternity analysis approaches and different strategies to handle the possible presence of genotyping errors to obtain robust estimates of pollen flow in four European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations from Austria and France. In each country one of the two plots is located in an unmanaged forest; the other plots are managed with a shelterwood system and inside a colonization area (in Austria and France, respectively). The two paternity analysis approaches provided almost identical estimates of gene flow. In general, we found high pollen immigration (~75% of pollen from outside), with the exception of the plot from a highly isolated forest remnant (~50%). In the two unmanaged plots, the average within-population pollen dispersal distances (from 80 to 184 m) were higher than previously estimated for beech. From the comparison between the Austrian managed and unmanaged plots, that are only 500 m apart, we found no evidence that either gene flow or reproductive success distributions were significantly altered by forest management. The investigated phenotypic traits (crown area, height, diameter and flowering phenology) were not significantly related with male reproductive success. Shelterwood seems to have an effect on the distribution of within-population pollen dispersal distances. In the managed plot, pollen dispersal distances were shorter, possibly because adult tree density is three-fold (163 versus 57 trees per hectare) with respect to the unmanaged one.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piotti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - J Buiteveld
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Geburek
- Federal Research Centre for Forests, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Gerber
- INRA, UMR 1202 Biogeco, Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 Biogeco, Cestas, France
| | - K Kramer
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Vettori
- Plant Genetics Institute, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - G G Vendramin
- Plant Genetics Institute, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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