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Vora N, Shekar P, Hanulia T, Esmail M, Patra A, Georgakoudi I. Deep learning-enabled detection of rare circulating tumor cell clusters in whole blood using label-free, flow cytometry. Lab Chip 2024; 24:2237-2252. [PMID: 38456773 PMCID: PMC11019838 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic tumors have poor prognoses for progression-free and overall survival for all cancer patients. Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and rarer circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are potential biomarkers of metastatic growth, with CTCCs representing an increased risk factor for metastasis. Current detection platforms are optimized for ex vivo detection of CTCs only. Microfluidic chips and size exclusion methods have been proposed for CTCC detection; however, they lack in vivo utility and real-time monitoring capability. Confocal backscatter and fluorescence flow cytometry (BSFC) has been used for label-free detection of CTCCs in whole blood based on machine learning (ML) enabled peak classification. Here, we expand to a deep-learning (DL)-based, peak detection and classification model to detect CTCCs in whole blood data. We demonstrate that DL-based BSFC has a low false alarm rate of 0.78 events per min with a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.943 between detected events and expected events. DL-based BSFC of whole blood maintains a detection purity of 72% and a sensitivity of 35.3% for both homotypic and heterotypic CTCCs starting at a minimum size of two cells. We also demonstrate through artificial spiking studies that DL-based BSFC is sensitive to changes in the number of CTCCs present in the samples and does not add variability in detection beyond the expected variability from Poisson statistics. The performance established by DL-based BSFC motivates its use for in vivo detection of CTCCs. Using transfer learning, we additionally validate DL-based BSFC on blood samples from different species and cancer cell types. Further developments of label-free BSFC to enhance throughput could lead to critical applications in the clinical detection of CTCCs and ex vivo isolation of CTCC from whole blood with minimal disruption and processing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Vora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Prashant Shekar
- Department of Mathematics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Taras Hanulia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Michael Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Abani Patra
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Sheth ABN, Patra A, Mahajan D. Anatomical variations and developmental insights of tendons in the first extensor compartment of the hand: Cadaveric study with surgical implications. Clin Ter 2024; 175:26-33. [PMID: 38358474 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2024.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Anatomical variations in first extensor compartment play a role in the development of de Quervain's disease. This study delves into the detailed examination of these anatomical variations. Methods 50 upper limbs (28 male and 22 female) from 25 for-malin-embalmed adult human cadavers were dissected to investigate variations in tendons of first extensor compartment. Results Accessory tendons to main tendon of abductor pollicis longus (APL) were reported in 49 (98%) cases, with 34% having two accessory tendons, 52% having three, and 12% having four. Terminal ends of these accessory tendons were generally consistent, except in one case where it split into two tendinous bands at insertion site, which was most commonly at base of first metacarpal. Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) was found as a single tendon in 48 cases, with one case each of duplication and absence. In 19 cases (38%), muscle belly of EPB was fused with that of APL to some extent and it typically inserted at base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. Average length of muscle belly, tendon, and muscle tendon ratio (MTR) of APL was 15.99±0.62 cm, 5.91±0.76 cm and 2.71 and of EPB was 6.39±0.29 cm, 9.15±0.74 cm and 0.70 respectively. Conclusion APL variations range from accessory tendons, splitting of tendons to various insertion points. Additionally, length and insertions points of these accessory tendons are key factors in deciding their usability as graft sources for tendon reconstruction and in surgical treatments of conditions like de Quervain's tenosynovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B N Sheth
- Dr HSJ Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda India
| | - D Mahajan
- Dr HSJ Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh
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Vora N, Polleys CM, Sakellariou F, Georgalis G, Thieu HT, Genega EM, Jahanseir N, Patra A, Miller E, Georgakoudi I. Restoration of metabolic functional metrics from label-free, two-photon human tissue images using multiscale deep-learning-based denoising algorithms. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:126006. [PMID: 38144697 PMCID: PMC10742979 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.12.126006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Significance Label-free, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging captures morphological and functional metabolic tissue changes and enables enhanced understanding of numerous diseases. However, noise and other artifacts present in these images severely complicate the extraction of biologically useful information. Aim We aim to employ deep neural architectures in the synthesis of a multiscale denoising algorithm optimized for restoring metrics of metabolic activity from low-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), TPEF images. Approach TPEF images of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavoproteins (FAD) from freshly excised human cervical tissues are used to assess the impact of various denoising models, preprocessing methods, and data on metrics of image quality and the recovery of six metrics of metabolic function from the images relative to ground truth images. Results Optimized recovery of the redox ratio and mitochondrial organization is achieved using a novel algorithm based on deep denoising in the wavelet transform domain. This algorithm also leads to significant improvements in peak-SNR (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) for all images. Interestingly, other models yield even higher PSNR and SSIM improvements, but they are not optimal for recovery of metabolic function metrics. Conclusions Denoising algorithms can recover diagnostically useful information from low SNR label-free TPEF images and will be useful for the clinical translation of such imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Vora
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christopher M. Polleys
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Georgios Georgalis
- Tufts University, Data Intensive Studies Center, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hong-Thao Thieu
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Genega
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Narges Jahanseir
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Abani Patra
- Tufts University, Data Intensive Studies Center, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
- Tufts University, Department of Mathematics, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eric Miller
- Tufts University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
- Tufts University, Tufts Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
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Patra A, Asghar A, Pushpa NB, Ravi KS. A Closer Look at Anatomy Educator Safety: Identifying and Preventing Workplace Hazards: A narrative review. Clin Ter 2023; 174:436-443. [PMID: 37674454 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2023.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Anatomy, one of medicine's vital subjects, demands extreme visualization to understand the intricate architecture of the human body. Although various other methods of virtual dissections are in place, an increasing number of anatomists, clinicians, and surgeons are advocating for re-enhancing anatomical education through traditional cadaveric dissection. These traditional pedagogies potentially expose anatomy educators to various risks in the dissection laboratory, which endangers their health and well-being. Unfortunately, no one is counting on them or the hazards they face. It's like saying, "Fall ill at your own peril." Various studies have revealed the occupational hazards anatomists are exposed to, but the issue remains unheard of or relatively heard. Hence, this narrative review aims to highlight numerous occupational risks that anatomists face worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped or developing nations. Simultaneously, the authors strongly advocate that competent authorities review and evaluate the working conditions of anatomy laboratories and frame policies that ensure the rights and optimal health of anatomy educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - N B Pushpa
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India
| | - K S Ravi
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
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Vora N, Shekar P, Esmail M, Patra A, Georgakoudi I. Deep Learning-Enabled, Detection of Rare Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters in Whole Blood Using Label-free, Flow Cytometry. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.01.551485. [PMID: 37577660 PMCID: PMC10418242 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic tumors have poor prognoses for progression-free and overall survival for all cancer patients. Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and rarer circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are potential biomarkers of metastatic growth, with CTCCs representing an increased risk factor for metastasis. Current detection platforms are optimized for ex vivo detection of CTCs only. Microfluidic chips and size exclusion methods have been proposed for CTCC detection; however, they lack in vivo utility and real-time monitoring capability. Confocal backscatter and fluorescence flow cytometry (BSFC) has been used for label-free detection of CTCCs in whole blood based on machine learning (ML) enabled peak classification. Here, we expand to a deep-learning (DL) -based, peak detection and classification model to detect CTCCs in whole blood data. We demonstrate that DL-based BSFC has a low false alarm rate of 0.78 events/min with a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.943 between detected events and expected events. DL-based BSFC of whole blood maintains a detection purity of 72% and a sensitivity of 35.3% for both homotypic and heterotypic CTCCs starting at a minimum size of two cells. We also demonstrate through artificial spiking studies that DL-based BSFC is sensitive to changes in the number of CTCCs present in the samples and does not add variability in detection beyond the expected variability from Poisson statistics. The performance established by DL-based BSFC motivates its use for in vivo detection of CTCCs. Further developments of label-free BSFC to enhance throughput could lead to critical applications in the clinical detection of CTCCs and ex vivo isolation of CTCC from whole blood with minimal disruption and processing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Vora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Prashant Shekar
- Department of Mathematics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Michael Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- # Current Affiliation: University of Massachusetts Amherst Animal Care Services, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Abani Patra
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Vora N, Polleys CM, Sakellariou F, Georgalis G, Thieu HT, Genega EM, Jahanseir N, Patra A, Miller E, Georgakoudi I. Restoration of metabolic functional metrics from label-free, two-photon cervical tissue images using multiscale deep-learning-based denoising algorithms. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.07.544033. [PMID: 37333366 PMCID: PMC10274804 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Label-free, two-photon imaging captures morphological and functional metabolic tissue changes and enables enhanced understanding of numerous diseases. However, this modality suffers from low signal arising from limitations imposed by the maximum permissible dose of illumination and the need for rapid image acquisition to avoid motion artifacts. Recently, deep learning methods have been developed to facilitate the extraction of quantitative information from such images. Here, we employ deep neural architectures in the synthesis of a multiscale denoising algorithm optimized for restoring metrics of metabolic activity from low-SNR, two-photon images. Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) images of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavoproteins (FAD) from freshly excised human cervical tissues are used. We assess the impact of the specific denoising model, loss function, data transformation, and training dataset on established metrics of image restoration when comparing denoised single frame images with corresponding six frame averages, considered as the ground truth. We further assess the restoration accuracy of six metrics of metabolic function from the denoised images relative to ground truth images. Using a novel algorithm based on deep denoising in the wavelet transform domain, we demonstrate optimal recovery of metabolic function metrics. Our results highlight the promise of denoising algorithms to recover diagnostically useful information from low SNR label-free two-photon images and their potential importance in the clinical translation of such imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Vora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hong-Thao Thieu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Genega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Narges Jahanseir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Abani Patra
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Eric Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Tufts Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Patra A, Ravi KS, Asghar A. Reply to: Do virtual dissection tables add benefit to cadaver-based anatomy education? An evaluation. Morphologie 2023; 107:158-159. [PMID: 35643742 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India.
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Bathinda, India
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Patra A, Ravi KS, Asghar A. Cadaveric dissection in Anatomical science education: Then and now. Morphologie 2022; 107:167-168. [PMID: 36566107 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Bevilacqua A, De Martino P, Giudicepietro F, Ricciolino P, Patra A, Pitman EB, Bursik M, Voight B, Flandoli F, Macedonio G, Neri A. Data analysis of the unsteadily accelerating GPS and seismic records at Campi Flegrei caldera from 2000 to 2020. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19175. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOngoing resurgence affects Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) via bradyseism, i.e. a series of ground deformation episodes accompanied by increases in shallow seismicity. In this study, we perform a mathematical analysis of the GPS and seismic data in the instrumental catalogs from 2000 to 2020, and a comparison of them to the preceding data from 1983 to 1999. We clearly identify and characterize two overlying trends, i.e. a decennial-like acceleration and cyclic oscillations with various periods. In particular, we show that all the signals have been accelerating since 2005, and 90–97% of their increase has occurred since 2011, 40–80% since 2018. Nevertheless, the seismic and ground deformation signals evolved differently—the seismic count increased faster than the GPS data since 2011, and even more so since 2015, growing faster than an exponential function The ground deformation has a linearized rate slope, i.e. acceleration, of 0.6 cm/yr2 and 0.3 cm/yr2 from 2000 to 2020, respectively for the vertical (RITE GPS) and the horizontal (ACAE GPS) components. In addition, all annual rates show alternating speed-ups and slow-downs, consistent between the signals. We find seven major rate maxima since 2000, one every 2.8–3.5 years, with secondary maxima at fractions of the intervals. A cycle with longer period of 6.5–9 years is also identified. Finally, we apply the probabilistic failure forecast method, a nonlinear regression that calculates the theoretical time limit of the signals going to infinity (interpreted here as a critical state potentially reached by the volcano), conditional on the continuation of the observed nonlinear accelerations. Since 2000, we perform a retrospective analysis of the temporal evolution of these forecasts which highlight the periods of more intense acceleration. The failure forecast method applied on the seismic count from 2001 to 2020 produces upper time limits of [0, 3, 11] years (corresponding to the 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles, respectively), significantly shorter than those based on the GPS data, e.g. [0, 6, 21] years. Such estimates, only valid under the model assumption of continuation of the ongoing decennial-like acceleration, warn to keep the guard up on the future evolution of Campi Flegrei caldera.
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Tiwari V, Ali FB, Patra A, Dhiman A, Sharma SK. The conundrum of olecranon aperture and its relation to the distal end of the humerus in a modern Indian population: An anatomical and surgical perspective. Morphologie 2022; 107:199-206. [PMID: 36127255 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to clarify the morphology of the olecranon aperture (OA) of the humerus with its relationship to the distal end of the humerus (epicondylar width) and the width of the medullary canal. METHODS In total, 156 dry adult humeri were examined for the presence of OA. When present, we reported their shape, measured transverse (TD) and vertical diameter (VD), the distance from its medial border to the tip of medial epicondyle (D1), lateral border to the tip of lateral epicondyle (D2) and lower border to the tip of trochlea (D3). The epicondylar width (EW) and the width of the medullary canal were also measured in all the humeri. RESULTS OA was reported in 32 humeri (20.6%) with left side predominance, translucent septum in 35.8%, and opaque septum in 43.6%. The most typical shape noted was oval. On right side, mean VD and TD was 4.30±0.54mm and 5.85±0.45mm, respectively, whereas on left, these value were 4.21±0.56mm and 5.64±0.43mm, respectively. The mean of D1, D2 and D3 was 25.86±0.43mm, 26.50±0.28mm and 15.07±0.53mm on right and 24.80±0.41mm, 26.84±0.21mm and 15.81±0.31mm on left with significant difference (P<0.05). The medullary canal was significantly smaller in humeri with OA. CONCLUSION Topographic location of OA may have possible role in determining safe zone for retrograde nailing in supracondylar humeral fractures. Since OA has a direct relation to the size of the intramedullary canal, it is crucial during preoperative planning and choosing an adequate surgical approach involving lower segment of humerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tiwari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - F B Ali
- Government Medical College Ratlam, Ratlam, India
| | - A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - A Dhiman
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
| | - S K Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
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Vora N, Shekhar P, Esmail M, Patra A, Georgakoudi I. Label-free flow cytometry of rare circulating tumor cell clusters in whole blood. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10721. [PMID: 35750889 PMCID: PMC9232518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs) are rare cellular events found in the blood stream of metastatic tumor patients. Despite their scarcity, they represent an increased risk for metastasis. Label-free detection methods of these events remain primarily limited to in vitro microfluidic platforms. Here, we expand on the use of confocal backscatter and fluorescence flow cytometry (BSFC) for label-free detection of CTCCs in whole blood using machine learning for peak detection/classification. BSFC uses a custom-built flow cytometer with three excitation wavelengths (405 nm, 488 nm, and 633 nm) and five detectors to detect CTCCs in whole blood based on corresponding scattering and fluorescence signals. In this study, detection of CTCC-associated GFP fluorescence is used as the ground truth to assess the accuracy of endogenous back-scattered light-based CTCC detection in whole blood. Using a machine learning model for peak detection/classification, we demonstrated that the combined use of backscattered signals at the three wavelengths enable detection of ~ 93% of all CTCCs larger than two cells with a purity of > 82% and an overall accuracy of > 95%. The high level of performance established through BSFC and machine learning demonstrates the potential for label-free detection and monitoring of CTCCs in whole blood. Further developments of label-free BSFC to enhance throughput could lead to important applications in the isolation of CTCCs in whole blood with minimal disruption and ultimately their detection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Vora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Prashant Shekhar
- Department of Mathematics, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, 32114, USA
| | - Michael Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Abani Patra
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelekha Guggilam
- Computational Data Science & Engineering University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York USA
| | - Varun Chandola
- Computational Data Science & Engineering University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York USA
- Computer Science & Engineering University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York USA
| | - Abani Patra
- Computational Data Science & Engineering University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo, New York USA
- Data Intensive Studies Center Tufts University Medford, Massachusetts USA
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Patra A, Asghar A, Ravi KS, Duparc F, Arora S. The morphological and morphometric analysis of the variant patterns of the tricipital aponeurosis: a new anatomical classification with possible clinical implications. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021; 81:1022-1030. [PMID: 34590297 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2021.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tricipital aponeurosis (TA) has gained attraction as a constant and reliable landmark to identify the location of radial nerve in the setting of fracture distal humeri. The aponeurosis itself shows variant anatomical patterns. In this study, we intend to provide a comprehensive description and functional classification of observed anatomical variations with possible clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty arms belonging to 30 adult cadavers were studied. TA was examined grossly to document variations in its shape and classified accordingly. Subsequently, length and breadth of TA were measured. The distance of the radial nerve (RN) from the point of confluence and from the lateral border of TA was also measured (tricepso-radial distance [TRD]). These distances were correlated with the different patterns of TA obtained. RESULTS Based on the shape of the proximal apex of TA or point of confluence and frequency of their occurrence, we propose a new classification of 4 patterns for the TA anatomy. Pattern I: classically seen as the triangular proximal apex (76.67%); pattern II: tongue shaped or blunt proximal apex (18.33%); pattern III: bifurcated or dual proximal apex (3.33%); pattern IV: as the absence of TA (1.67%). The mean of length and breadth of TA was 16.58 ± 2.05 cm and 3.61 ± 0.61 cm, respectively. The mean distance of RN from point of confluence and lateral border of TA was 3.57 ± 0.19 cm and 2.04 ± 0.56 cm, respectively. The length, breadth of TA and TRD differs amongst the different patterns of TA. CONCLUSIONS Anatomical variations in the shape and size of TA are frequently encountered. The proposed, hitherto undescribed, classification may make operating surgeon aware of these morphological variations and help prevent iatrogenic injury to RN. Such classification is simple and unique; however, its success relies upon universal acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Bathinda, India
| | - A Asghar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Bathinda, India.,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - K S Ravi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.
| | | | - S Arora
- Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Anatomy, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
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Shaw S, Patra A, Misra A, Nayak MK, Chamkha AJ. A Numerical Approach to the Modeling of Thomson and Troian Slip on Nonlinear Radiative Microrotation of Casson Carreau Nanomaterials in Magnetohydrodynamics. j nanofluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2021.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current work is to explore the influence of Thompson and Troian slip on the hydromagnetic microrotations of Carreau nanomaterials over a linearly stretched surface subject to NLTR, viscous dissipation, Newtonian heating, homogenous and heterogeneous reactions. Effect
of non linear slip (Thompson and Troian slip) on non Newtonian nanofluid (Carreau nanofluid) subject to microrotation is the novelty of the investigation. Shooting technique is the instrumental to get appropriate numerical solution. The significant outcomes of the current study are that Casson
parameter and Weissenberg number exhibit opposite results for velocity and heat transfer rate due to flow of micropolar Carreau nanofluid. Further, more and more Thompson and Troian slip yields diminution of flow velocity as well as microrotations. Amplifying Casson parameter intensifies the
HTR from the stretched surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shaw
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - A. Patra
- Department of Mathematics, Govt. Autonomous College, Rourkela, Odisha 769004, India
| | - A. Misra
- Department of Mathematics, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati 761211, Odisha, India
| | - M. K. Nayak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, FET, ITER, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Ali J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
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Humphreys D, Kupresanin A, Boyer MD, Canik J, Chang CS, Cyr EC, Granetz R, Hittinger J, Kolemen E, Lawrence E, Pascucci V, Patra A, Schissel D. Advancing Fusion with Machine Learning Research Needs Workshop Report. J Fusion Energ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-020-00258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMachine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) methods have been used successfully in recent years to solve problems in many areas, including image recognition, unsupervised and supervised classification, game-playing, system identification and prediction, and autonomous vehicle control. Data-driven machine learning methods have also been applied to fusion energy research for over 2 decades, including significant advances in the areas of disruption prediction, surrogate model generation, and experimental planning. The advent of powerful and dedicated computers specialized for large-scale parallel computation, as well as advances in statistical inference algorithms, have greatly enhanced the capabilities of these computational approaches to extract scientific knowledge and bridge gaps between theoretical models and practical implementations. Large-scale commercial success of various ML/AI applications in recent years, including robotics, industrial processes, online image recognition, financial system prediction, and autonomous vehicles, have further demonstrated the potential for data-driven methods to produce dramatic transformations in many fields. These advances, along with the urgency of need to bridge key gaps in knowledge for design and operation of reactors such as ITER, have driven planned expansion of efforts in ML/AI within the US government and around the world. The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science programs in Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) and Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) have organized several activities to identify best strategies and approaches for applying ML/AI methods to fusion energy research. This paper describes the results of a joint FES/ASCR DOE-sponsored Research Needs Workshop on Advancing Fusion with Machine Learning, held April 30–May 2, 2019, in Gaithersburg, MD (full report available at https://science.osti.gov/-/media/fes/pdf/workshop-reports/FES_ASCR_Machine_Learning_Report.pdf). The workshop drew on broad representation from both FES and ASCR scientific communities, and identified seven Priority Research Opportunities (PRO’s) with high potential for advancing fusion energy. In addition to the PRO topics themselves, the workshop identified research guidelines to maximize the effectiveness of ML/AI methods in fusion energy science, which include focusing on uncertainty quantification, methods for quantifying regions of validity of models and algorithms, and applying highly integrated teams of ML/AI mathematicians, computer scientists, and fusion energy scientists with domain expertise in the relevant areas.
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Patra A, Baheti AD, Ankathi SK, Desouza A, Engineer R, Ostwal V, Ramaswamy A, Saklani A. Can Post-Treatment MRI Features Predict Pathological Circumferential Resection Margin (pCRM) Involvement in Low Rectal Tumors. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:720-725. [PMID: 33281411 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The MERCURY II study demonstrated the use of MRI-based risk factors such as extramural venous invasion (EMVI), tumor location, and circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement to preoperatively predict pCRM (pathological CRM) outcomes for lower rectal tumors in a mixed group of upfront operated patients and patients who received neoadjuvant treatment. We aim to study the applicability of results of MERCURY II study in a homogeneous cohort of patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACTRT) prior to surgery. After Institutional Review Board approval, post NACTRT restaging MRI of 132 patients operated for low rectal cancer between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists for site of tumor, EMVI status, distance from anal verge (< 4 or > 4 cm), and mrCRM positivity. Findings were compared with post surgery pCRM outcomes using Fisher's exact test. Only 9/132(7%) patients showed pCRM involvement on histopathology, 8 of them being CRM positive on MRI (p = 0.01). The positive predictive value (PPV) of mrCRM positive status and pCRM status was 12.7% (95% CI: 9.7-16.5%), while the negative predictive value was 98.5% (95% CI: 91.4-99.8%) (p = 0.01). EMVI positive and anteriorly located tumors showed higher incidence of pCRM positivity but were not found to be significant (15% vs 5.2% and p = 0.13 and 8.6% vs 2.1% and p = 0.28, respectively). Unsafe mrCRM was the only factor significantly associated with pCRM positivity on post neoadjuvant restaging MRI. Tumors less than 4 cm from anal verge, anterior tumor location, and mrEMVI positivity did not show statistically significant results to predict pCRM involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - A D Baheti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - S K Ankathi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - A Desouza
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - R Engineer
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - V Ostwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Ramaswamy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Saklani
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
Growth and survival of biological cells (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) on artificial environments often depend on their interactions with the specific surface. Various organic materials can be coated on substrates to assist cells' adhesion and other subsequent cellular processes. However, these coatings are expensive, degrade over short time period, and may even interfere with the cells' signaling processes. Therefore, the use of inorganic surfaces in order to control cellular interactions is of scientific importance from fundamental and application perspectives. Among inorganic materials, oxide thin films have received considerable attention. Thin films of oxides have the advantage of tailoring the surfaces for cellular interactions while using a negligible amount of the oxide material. Here, we review the lesser known application of inorganic oxide coatings as biocompatible and implantable platforms for different purposes, such as biofilm inhibition, cell culture and implant enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khokhlova
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, CNRS UMR 6508, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, F-14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
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Bevilacqua A, Bursik M, Patra A, Pitman E, Till R. Bayesian construction of a long-term vent opening probability map in the Long Valley volcanic region (CA, USA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5038/2163-338x.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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19
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Dykas MM, Poddar K, Yoong SL, Viswanathan V, Mathew S, Patra A, Saha S, Pastorin G, Venkatesan T. Enhancing image contrast of carbon nanotubes on cellular background using helium ion microscope by varying helium ion fluence. J Microsc 2017; 269:14-22. [PMID: 28703381 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become an important nano entity for biomedical applications. Conventional methods of their imaging, often cannot be applied in biological samples due to an inadequate spatial resolution or poor contrast between the CNTs and the biological sample. Here we report a unique and effective detection method, which uses differences in conductivities of carbon nanotubes and HeLa cells. The technique involves the use of a helium ion microscope to image the sample with the surface charging artefacts created by the He+ and neutralised by electron flood gun. This enables us to obtain a few nanometre resolution images of CNTs in HeLa Cells with high contrast, which was achieved by tailoring the He+ fluence. Charging artefacts can be efficiently removed for conductive CNTs by a low amount of electrons, the fluence of which is not adequate to discharge the cell surface, resulting in high image contrast. Thus, this technique enables rapid detection of any conducting nano structures on insulating cellular background even in large fields of view and fine spatial resolution. The technique demonstrated has wider applications for researchers seeking enhanced contrast and high-resolution imaging of any conducting entity in a biological matrix - a commonly encountered issue of importance in drug delivery, tissue engineering and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dykas
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - K Poddar
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S L Yoong
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Viswanathan
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Mathew
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Patra
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Saha
- Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Pastorin
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Venkatesan
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Patra A, Ray SS. On the Solution of the Nonlinear Fractional Neutron Point-Kinetics Equation with Newtonian Temperature Feedback Reactivity. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt13-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Patra
- National Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Rourkela-769008, India
| | - S. Saha Ray
- National Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Rourkela-769008, India
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21
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Ganguly S, Patra A, Chattopadhyay P, Datta S. New training strategies for neural networks with application to quaternary Al–Mg–Sc–Cr alloy design problems. Appl Soft Comput 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Patra A, Klein-Hessling S, Knobeloch K, Andrau J, Ellenrieder V, Screpanti I, Serfling E. Altered NFATc1 activity blocks T cell development and facilitates the pathogenesis of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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O'Flaherty DK, Patra A, Su Y, Guengerich FP, Egli M, Wilds CJ. Lesion Orientation of O4-Alkylthymidine Influences Replication by Human DNA Polymerase η. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4896-4904. [PMID: 27574558 PMCID: PMC5001687 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformation of the α-carbon of O4-alkylthymidine was shown to exert an influence on human DNA polymerase η (hPol η) bypass. Crystal structures of hPol η·DNA·dNTP ternary complexes reveal a unique conformation adopted by O4-methylthymidine, where the nucleobase resides nestled at the active site ceiling where hydrogen-bonding with the incoming nucleotide is prevented.
DNA lesions that elude repair may undergo translesion synthesis catalyzed by Y-family DNA polymerases. O4-Alkylthymidines, persistent adducts that can result from carcinogenic agents, may be encountered by DNA polymerases. The influence of lesion orientation around the C4–O4 bond on processing by human DNA polymerase η (hPol η) was studied for oligonucleotides containing O4-methylthymidine (O4MedT), O4-ethylthymidine (O4EtdT), and analogs restricting the O4-methylene group in an anti-orientation. Primer extension assays revealed that the O4-alkyl orientation influences hPol η bypass. Crystal structures of hPol η·DNA·dNTP ternary complexes with O4MedT or O4EtdT in the template strand showed the nucleobase of the former lodged near the ceiling of the active site, with the syn-O4-methyl group engaged in extensive hydrophobic interactions. This unique arrangement for O4-methylthymidine with hPol η, inaccessible for the other analogs due to steric/conformational restriction, is consistent with differences observed for nucleotide incorporation and supports the concept that lesion conformation influences extension across DNA damage. Together, these results provide mechanistic insights on the mutagenicity of O4MedT and O4EtdT when acted upon by hPol η.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K O'Flaherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B1R6, Canada
| | - A Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Y Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - F P Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - M Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, and Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - C J Wilds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B1R6, Canada
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24
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Patra A, Das S, Mishra SN, Senapati MR. An adaptive local linear optimized radial basis functional neural network model for financial time series prediction. Neural Comput Appl 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-015-2039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Sarkar TP, Gopinadhan K, Motapothula M, Saha S, Huang Z, Dhar S, Patra A, Lu WM, Telesio F, Pallecchi I, Ariando, Marré D, Venkatesan T. Unexpected observation of spatially separated Kondo scattering and ferromagnetism in Ta alloyed anatase TiO2 thin films. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13011. [PMID: 26265554 PMCID: PMC4533010 DOI: 10.1038/srep13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the observation of spatially separated Kondo scattering and ferromagnetism in anatase Ta0.06Ti0.94O2 thin films as a function of thickness (10–200 nm). The Kondo behavior observed in thicker films is suppressed on decreasing thickness and vanishes below ~25 nm. In 200 nm film, transport data could be fitted to a renormalization group theory for Kondo scattering though the carrier density in this system is lower by two orders of magnitude, the magnetic entity concentration is larger by a similar magnitude and there is strong electronic correlation compared to a conventional system such as Cu with magnetic impurities. However, ferromagnetism is observed at all thicknesses with magnetic moment per unit thickness decreasing beyond 10 nm film thickness. The simultaneous presence of Kondo and ferromagnetism is explained by the spatial variation of defects from the interface to surface which results in a dominantly ferromagnetic region closer to substrate-film interface while the Kondo scattering is dominant near the surface and decreasing towards the interface. This material system enables us to study the effect of neighboring presence of two competing magnetic phenomena and the possibility for tuning them.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Sarkar
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - K Gopinadhan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - M Motapothula
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - S Saha
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Z Huang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - S Dhar
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - A Patra
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - W M Lu
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - F Telesio
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - I Pallecchi
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - Ariando
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - D Marré
- CNR-SPIN and Università di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica via Dodecaneso 33, Genova Italy 16146
| | - T Venkatesan
- 1] Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542 [2] NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 [3] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
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Chaudhary D, Bhattacherjee A, Patra A. Analysis of Whole-Body Vibration Exposure of Drill Machine Operators in Open Pit Iron Ore Mines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
A major part of contemporary nanomaterials research is focused on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, constituted of extended lattices of atoms or ions. Molecular nanoparticles assembled from small molecules through non-covalent interactions are relatively less explored but equally fascinating materials. Their unique and versatile characteristics have attracted considerable attention in recent years, establishing their identity and status as a novel class of nanomaterials. Optical characteristics of molecular nanoparticles capture the essence of their nanoscale features and form the basis of a variety of applications. This review describes the advances made in the field of fabrication of molecular nanoparticles, the wide spectrum of their optical and nonlinear optical characteristics and explorations of the potential applications that exploit their unique optical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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Ingale S, Wagh P, Sastry P, Patra A, Tewari R, Singh I, Phapale S, Wasnik R, Rao A, Gupta S. Nanocrystalline Pentaerythritoltetranitrate using Sol-Gel Process. DEFENCE SCI J 2011. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.61.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Luffa echinata Roxb., commonly known as Bindal in Hindi is used for its hypoglycemic activity in the indigenous system of medicine. No pharmacognostical study on stem is reported in the literature till date; therefore, it was decided to study macroscopical and cytomorphological characters in detail to bring out salient diagnostic features. The stem pieces available in the market are 1.5–17 cm long and 5–8 mm in diameter, showing yellowish-brown to brownish-black surface with longitudinal furrows, fracture is fibrous, and taste is bitter. Mature stem shows single-layered epidermis, seven layers of collenchyma below five ridges but one to two layers of parenchyma in rest of the region beneath the epidermis, continuous wide wavy layer of pericycle composed of three to eight layers of fiber. There are five conjoint bi-collateral open vascular bundles one below each ridge and additional four medullary vascular bundles in the pith each facing furrows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad - 244 001, UP, India
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32
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Chandaluri CG, Patra A, Radhakrishnan TP. Polyelectrolyte-assisted formation of molecular nanoparticles exhibiting strongly enhanced fluorescence. Chemistry 2010; 16:8699-706. [PMID: 20575120 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A polyelectrolyte-assisted reprecipitation method is developed to fabricate nanoparticles of highly soluble molecules. The approach is demonstrated by using a zwitterionic diaminodicyanoquinodimethane molecule bearing remote ammonium functionalities with high solubility in water as well as organic solvents. Nanoparticles are prepared by injecting aqueous solutions of this compound containing an optimum concentration of sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) into methanol. The strong fluorescence exhibited by the compound in the aggregated state is reflected in the enhanced fluorescence of the polyelectrolyte complex in water. The nanoparticles formed in the colloidal state manifest even stronger fluorescence, which leads to an overall enhancement by about 90 times relative to aqueous solutions of the pure compound. The conditions for achieving the emission enhancement are optimized and a model for the molecular-level interactions and aggregation effects is developed through a range of spectroscopy, microscopy, and calorimetry investigations and control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch G Chandaluri
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Acharyya S, Patra A, Bag PK. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants against Enteric Bacteria with Particular Reference to Multi-Drug Resistant Vibrio cholerae. TROP J PHARM RES 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v8i3.44538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Patra A, Jha S, Murthy PN, Vaibhav AD, Chattopadhyay P, Panigrahi G, Roy D. Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Activities of Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders Leaves (Acanthaceae). TROP J PHARM RES 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v8i2.44521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Biswas A, Patra A, Paul AK. Production of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoic acids by a moderately halophilic bacterium, Halomonas marina HMA 103 isolated from solar saltern of Orissa, India. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2009; 56:125-43. [PMID: 19621765 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.56.2009.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Halomonas marina HMA 103 (MTCC 8968), the moderately halophilic bacterium isolated and characterized from the solar saltern of Orissa, India, grows optimally at 10% (w/v) NaCl in culture medium and is able to synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] during growth. This study is an attempt to optimize the cultural conditions for efficient production of P(3HB) by H. marina in batch cultivation. Growth of the organism under shake-flask culture using 2% (w/v) glucose resulted in P(3HB) accumulation accounting for more than 59% of cell dry weight after 50 h of incubation. The optimum P(3HB) production was attained with a combined supply of NH4Cl and yeast extract as N-source, 0.01% (w/v) phosphate, 1.5% (w/v) sulphate and 10% (w/v) NaCl. Qualitative and quantitative 1HNMR and FT-IR analysis of cells grown in alkanoic acids (C3-C6) as sole source of carbon and co-substrates revealed synthesis of PHA co-polymers composed of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid [P(3HB-co-3HV)]. In two-step cultivation, accumulation of the co-polymer was significantly improved (80% CDW) in glucose medium supplemented with valerate (0.1%, w/v) as co-substrate and the polymer contained 88.1 and 12.8 mol% 3HB and 3HV monomers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Biswas
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India
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Patra A, Radhakrishnan T. Molecular Materials with Contrasting Optical Responses from a Single-Pot Reaction and Fluorescence Switching in a Carbon Acid. Chemistry 2009; 15:2792-800. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lang E, Auster M, Patra A, Bizzell C, Rudman E. Abstract No. 322: Urinary Fistulas and Urinomas Managed by Interventional Radiologic Techniques (Outcome Study). J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.12.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Saha SP, Patra A, Paul AK. Studies on intracellular degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid–polyethylene glycol copolymer accumulated by Azotobacter chroococcum MAL-201. J Biotechnol 2007; 132:325-30. [PMID: 17543409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Azotobacter chroococcum MAL-201 accumulates poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) [PHB] when grown in glucose containing nitrogen-free Stockdale medium. The same medium supplemented with valerate alone and valerate plus polyethylene glycol (PEG) leads to the accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [PHBV] and PEG containing PHBV-PEG polymers, respectively. The intracellular degradation of these polymers as studied in carbon-free Stockdale medium showed a rapid degradation of PHB followed by PHBV, while it was least in case of PHBV-PEG. The rate of such degradation was 44.16, 26.4 and 17.0 mg h(-1)l(-1) for PHB, PHBV and PHBV-PEG, respectively. During the course of such of PHBV and PHBV-PEG degradation the 3HB mol% of polymers decreased significantly with increase of 3HV mol fraction, the EG mol% in PHBV-PEG, however, remained constant. After 50h of degradation the decrease in intrinsic viscosity and molecular mass of PHBV-PEG were 37.5 and 43.6%, respectively. These values appeared low compared to PHB and PHBV. Moreover, the increasing EG content of polymer retarded their extent of degradation. Presence of PEG, particularly of low molecular weight PEG was inhibitory to intracellular PHA depolymerise (i-PHA depolymerase) activity and the relative substrate specificity of the i-PHA depolymerase of MAL-201 appeared to be PHB > PHBV > PHBV-PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Pal Saha
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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Abstract
The following finite element study was conducted to determine whether increased body weight, femoral retroversion, and varus hip loading could sufficiently raise physeal shear strains and stresses above the yield point and predispose an adolescent hip to a slip. A computer tomography scan of a 13-year-old child with slipped capital femoral epiphysis was used to generate a solid model of the proximal femur and physis. The model was parameterized using 3-dimensional software to generate three difference angles of femoral neck version-neutral, 15 degrees retroversion, and 15 degrees anteversion. Loads of 2.7 times body weight in a 46- and 86-kg child were applied to the proximal femur to model stance on one leg. In addition, the loading vector was reoriented at various degrees of varus to study the effect of varus loading on physis shear. The results demonstrated that physis stress, strain, and displacement increased with greater body weight, retroversion, and varus displacement of the loading vector. Physis shear strain in hips with a combination of varus loading and femoral neck retroversion exceeded the reported ultimate strain values for cartilaginous soft tissues. The finite element models suggest that in an overweight child, the combination of retroversion and varus hip load may be sufficient to increase physeal strains above the yield point and result in a slip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zair Fishkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, and Department of Orthopaedics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44139, USA
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Patra A, Hebalkar N, Sreedhar B, Sarkar M, Samanta A, Radhakrishnan TP. Tuning the size and optical properties in molecular nano/microcrystals: manifestation of hierarchical interactions. Small 2006; 2:650-9. [PMID: 17193103 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, dipolar and van der Waals, occurring in molecular crystals cover a range of magnitudes. As the crystal evolves from a relatively softer state in the nanoscopic size regime to a harder one in the microcrystalline and bulk solid state, the impact of the hierarchy of intermolecular interactions can be expected to emerge in a progressive fashion. The strongest interactions alone would be manifested at small sizes; as the crystal grows, the effect of the weaker ones will be added on, with the bulk crystals exhibiting the cumulative impact of the different interactions. We demonstrate this phenomenon through investigations of the solution, colloid, and solid state of a novel zwitterionic molecule based on the diaminodicyanoquinodimethane framework. A reprecipitation-digestion protocol is developed for the fabrication of nano/microcrystals of varying sizes. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations reveal tuning of the size and optical properties of this material. The optical absorption of the colloidal particles evolves with size towards that of the bulk solid, the emission showing a steady enhancement of intensity. Crystallographic investigations coupled with semiempirical computations provide a viable model to describe the range of observations in terms of the gradual accumulation of hierarchical intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
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Saha SP, Patra A, Paul AK. Incorporation of polyethylene glycol in polyhydroxyalkanoic acids accumulated by Azotobacter chroococcum MAL-201. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:377-83. [PMID: 16550437 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Azotobacter chroococcum MAL-201 (MTCC 3853), a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium accumulates poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) [PHB, 69% of cell dry weight (CDW)] when grown on glucose and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [PHBV with 19.2 mol% 3HV] when grown on glucose and valerate. Use of ethylene glycol (EG) and/or polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of low molecular weight as sole carbon source were detrimental to A. chroococcum growth and polymer yields. PEG-200, however, in the presence of glucose was incorporated into the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymer. Addition of PEG-200 (150 mM) to culture medium during mid-log phase growth favored increased incorporation of EG units (12.48 mol%) into the PHB polymer. In two-step culture experiments, where valerate and PEG simultaneously were used in fresh medium, EG was incorporated most effectively in the absence of glucose, leading to the formation of a copolymer containing 18.05 mol% 3HV and 14.78 mol% EG. The physico-mechanical properties of PEG-containing copolymer (PHBV-PEG) were compared with those of the PHB homopolymer and the PHBV copolymer. The PHBV-PEG copolymer appeared to have less crystallinity and greater flexibility than the short-chain-length (SCL) PHA polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Pal Saha
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, 700019 Kolkata, India
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Gupta G, Jain RK, Maikhuri JP, Shukla PK, Kumar M, Roy AK, Patra A, Singh V, Batra S. Discovery of substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes as potent spermicides, acrosin inhibitors and mild anti-fungal agents. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2301-8. [PMID: 15932909 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continued endeavour to design novel, non-detergent molecules that can be useful as topical, prophylactic contraceptives has led to the discovery of substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes as a new class of compounds exhibiting both spermicidal and acrosin inhibitory activities simultaneously. METHODS Normal human semen samples were used to detect the spermicidal and acrosin inhibitory activities of the new compounds. Lactobacillus, HeLa and Candida cultures were used to determine the safety of compounds towards normal vaginal flora, their cytotoxicity and anti-fungal activity. Supravital staining and the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) were used to detect the effect on sperm membrane integrity. Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) was used as a reference standard. RESULTS The 5- and 3-substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes showed significant spermicidal [minimum effective concentration (MEC)=0.005-2.5%] and acrosin inhibitory (IC50=3.9-58 x 10(-4) mol/l) activities in several molecules along with weak fungicidal activity against Candida albicans. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plot analysis of a representative structure showed non-competitive inhibition of human acrosin enzyme, and the most potent acrosin inhibitors also considerably diminished the induction of the acrosome reaction by Ca2+ ionophore. Some compounds were found to be significantly safer than N-9 towards Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro at their respective spermicidal MECs. In the cytotoxicity assay, the IC50 of these compounds towards the HeLa cell line was of the same order as N-9 (0.9-0.1 mmol/l); however, in contrast, the compounds exhibited only a moderate effect on sperm membrane integrity. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that 5- and 3-substituted isoxazolecarbaldehydes are 'first generation' multifunctional, spermicidal molecules that hold promise for development as topical contraceptives with useful associated activities that can add considerably to their effectiveness, safety and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Batra S, Roy AK, Patra A, Bhaduri AP, Surin WR, Raghavan SAV, Sharma P, Kapoor K, Dikshit M. Baylis–Hillman reaction assisted parallel synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles and their in vivo bioevaluation as antithrombotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2059-77. [PMID: 15080910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The solution-phase parallel synthesis involving reactions of Baylis-Hillman products of 3-substituted-5-isoxazolecarbaldehydes with nucleophiles and their in vivo antithrombotic evaluations are described along with the results of in vitro platelet aggregation inhibition assay of a few compounds. Results of the detailed evaluation of one of the compounds as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batra
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Biswas B, Ghosh D, Bhattacharjee R, Patra A, Basuthakur S. One stage bilateral thoractomy for hydatid cysts of both lungs. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-004-0429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Biswas B, Ghosh D, Bhattacharjee R, Patra A, Basuthakur S. Bronchial carcinoids—Surgical management. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-004-0430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Patra A, Bandyopadhyay M, Ghorai SK, Mal D. A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THE EPOXIDATION OF α, β-UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES AND KETONES USING AQUEOUS HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-SODIUM ETHOXIDE. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940309355863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Patra A, Batra S, Bhaduri AP, Khanna A, Chander R, Dikshit M. Isoxazole-based derivatives from Baylis-Hillman chemistry: assessment of preliminary hypolipidemic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2269-76. [PMID: 12713837 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of isoxazole-based derivatives utilizing Baylis-Hillman chemistry and results of their preliminary bioevaluation as hypolipidemic agents in triton model are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Patra
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, PO Box, 173, Lucknow 226001, India
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Patra A, Roy A, Joshi B, Roy R, Batra S, Bhaduri A. The Baylis–Hillman chemistry in aqueous media: elucidation of mechanism for synthesis of ether side-product leads to an efficient approach to C–O bond formation. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Batra S, Srinivasan T, Rastogi S, Kundu B, Patra A, Bhaduri A, Dixit M. Corrigendum to “Combinatorial Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Isoxazole-Based Libraries as Antithrombotic Agents”[Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 12 (2002) 1905]†. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tripathi MK, Jinwal UK, Roy U, Patra A, Roy PK, Batra S, Bhaduri AP. Effect of different strains of yeast on stereocontrolled reduction of 5-acetylisoxazolines. Bioorg Chem 2002; 30:350-5. [PMID: 12485594 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-2068(02)00500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The stereocontrolled reduction of 3-aryl-5-acetylisoxazolines (1) to the corresponding alcohols (2 and 3) in the presence of four different yeast strains, recognized as Baker's yeast (commercial), Candida krusei (ATCC 14243), Pichia farinosa (NRRL Y110) and Sacchromyces sp. (soil isolate) have been attempted. The C. krusei was found to be diastereoselective for the (R)-1 while the Sacchromyces sp. led to complete reduction to yield the RS- and SS-alcohol in 1:1 ratio at 10 g/L scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Tripathi
- Fermentation Technology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, P.O. Box-173, Lucknow 226 001, India
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