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Aziz IM, Alshalan RM, Rizwana H, Alkhelaiwi F, Almuqrin AM, Aljowaie RM, Alkubaisi NA. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Activities of Roots and Seeds of Ammi visnaga L. Methanol Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:121. [PMID: 38256954 PMCID: PMC10819509 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, plants and their components have been harnessed for therapeutic purposes, with Ammi visnaga L. (Khella) being no exception to this rich tradition. While existing studies have shed light on the cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of seed extracts, there remains a noticeable gap in research about the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer potential of root extracts. This study seeks to address this gap by systematically examining methanol extracts derived from the roots of A. visnaga L. and comparing their effects with those of seed extracts specifically against breast cancer cells. Notably, absent from previous investigations, this study focuses on the comparative analysis of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of both root and seed extracts. The methanol extract obtained from A. visnaga L. seeds demonstrated a notably higher level of total phenolic content (TPC) than its root counterpart, measuring 366.57 ± 2.86 and 270.78 ± 2.86 mg GAE/g dry weight of the dry extract, respectively. In the evaluation of antioxidant activities using the DPPH method, the IC50 values for root and seed extracts were determined to be 193.46 ± 17.13 μg/mL and 227.19 ± 1.48 μg/mL, respectively. Turning our attention to cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), both root and seed extracts displayed similar cytotoxic activities, with IC50 values of 92.45 ± 2.14 μg/mL and 75.43 ± 2.32 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both root and seed extracts exhibited a noteworthy modulation of gene expression, upregulating the expression of caspase and Bax mRNA levels while concurrently suppressing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-xL and Bcl-2), thereby reinforcing their potential as anticancer agents. A. visnaga L. seed extract outperforms the root extract in antimicrobial activities, exhibiting lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.81 ± 0.24 to 125 ± 7.63 μg/mL. This highlights the seeds' potential as potent antibacterial agents, expanding their role in disease prevention. Overall, this study underscores the diverse therapeutic potentials of A. visnaga L. roots and seeds, contributing to the understanding of plant-derived extracts in mitigating disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. Aziz
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (H.R.); (F.A.); (R.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Rawan M. Alshalan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (H.R.); (F.A.); (R.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Humaira Rizwana
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (H.R.); (F.A.); (R.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Fetoon Alkhelaiwi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (H.R.); (F.A.); (R.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almuqrin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem M. Aljowaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (H.R.); (F.A.); (R.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Noorah A. Alkubaisi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (H.R.); (F.A.); (R.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
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Alshalani A, Alotaibi BA, Aldali JA, AlSudais H, Almuqrin AM, Alshehri NA, Alamar NB, Alhejji MA. Paediatric COVID-19 Outcomes: Haematology Parameters, Mortality Rates, and Hospitalization Duration. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1615. [PMID: 37892279 PMCID: PMC10605890 DOI: 10.3390/children10101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems around the globe, necessitating extensive research into the variables that affect patient outcomes. This study examines the relationships between key haematology parameters, duration of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality rates in COVID-19 cases in paediatric patients. Researchers analyse relationships between independent variables (COVID-19 status, age, sex) and dependent variables (mortality, LOS, coagulation parameters, WBC count, RBC parameters) using multivariate regression models. Although the R-square values (0.6-3.7%) indicate limited explanatory power, coefficients with statistical significance establish the impact of independent variables on outcomes. Age emerges as a crucial predictor of mortality; the mortality rate decreases by 1.768% per age group. Both COVID-19 status and age have an inverse relationship with length of stay, emphasising the milder hospitalisation of children. Platelet counts decline with age and male gender, potentially revealing the influence of COVID-19 on haematological markers. There are significant correlations between COVID-19 status, age, gender and coagulation measures. Lower prothrombin time and D-dimer concentrations in elder COVID-19 patients are indicative of distinct coagulation profiles. WBC and RBC parameters exhibit correlations with variables: COVID-19-positive patients have lower WBC counts, whereas male COVID-19-positive patients have higher RBC counts. In addition, correlations exist between independent variables and the red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. However, there is no correlation between mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and outcomes, indicating complex interactions between haematological markers and outcomes. In essence, this study underlines the importance of age in COVID-19 mortality, provides novel insights into platelet counts, and emphasises the complexity of the relationships between haematological parameters and disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alshalani
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia (A.M.A.)
| | - Badi A. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad A. Aldali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamood AlSudais
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almuqrin
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia (A.M.A.)
| | - Nasser A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser B. Alamar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mogtba A. Alhejji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
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Aldali JA, Alotaibi BA, Aldali HJ, Alasiri GA, Alaseem A, Almuqrin AM, Alshalani A, Alotaibi FT. Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccines on Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Biochemical and Haematological Parameters. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2203. [PMID: 37626700 PMCID: PMC10452730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been developed to help prevent the spread of the virus infections. The COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca, have undergone rigorous testing and have demonstrated both safety and effectiveness. Extensive evidence supports their effectiveness in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. The administration of COVID-19 vaccines can directly affect hematological and biochemical parameters, with reported cases showing an association with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, it was hypothesized that COVID-19 vaccines may also influence hematological and biochemical markers in sickle cell patients. This study aimed to investigate the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines on sickle cell patients, providing a comprehensive evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind conducted in Saudi Arabia. The study included the evaluation of Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines in sickle cell patients, measuring key parameters. Our findings revealed varying impacts of both vaccines on the ALT, AST, and CRP levels. Notably, CRP and ALT exhibited potential as indicators for renal disease, diabetes, and arthritis. However, further investigations are necessary to uncover the underlying mechanisms that drive these observed differences and comprehend their clinical implications for this vulnerable patient population. The unique nature of our study fills a crucial research gap and underscores the need for additional research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad A. Aldali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badi A. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah J. Aldali
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Biomedical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Glowi A. Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alaseem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almuqrin
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshalani
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad T. Alotaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 5701, Saudi Arabia
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Alotaibi BA, Aldali JA, Aldali HJ, Alasiri GA, Elsokkary EM, Al Mugairi A, Almuqrin AM. Risk Factors for Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and COVID-19 Disease-A Retrospective Study at a Major Saudi Tertiary Center. Viruses 2023; 15:1224. [PMID: 37376524 DOI: 10.3390/v15061224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) insufficiency is a common enzymatic defect worldwide; it affects over 400 million people and is associated with various disorders. Recent research suggests that G6PD-deficient cells are susceptible to infection by human coronaviruses, as the G6PD enzyme is involved in the metabolism of oxidative stress, which may enhance COVID-19 mortality. This retrospective study aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 on patients with G6PD deficiency by comparing the laboratory parameters of patients with G6PD enzyme deficiency alone, COVID-19 alone, and those with both COVID-19 and G6PD enzyme deficiency treated at a major Saudi tertiary center. The results indicated significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters between the three patient groups, indicating that COVID-19 may influence these parameters, and that they could be used to measure the severity of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, this study suggests that patients with G6PD enzyme deficiency may be at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. Although the study is limited by the lack of a random selection method for group membership, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test was used to statistical assess the data. The study's findings can enhance the understanding of the relation between COVID-19 infected and G6PD-deficiency patients and inform clinical decision making for an improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badi A Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad A Aldali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah J Aldali
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Biomedical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Glowi A Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Elsokkary
- Psychology, Organisation, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Al Mugairi
- Hematopathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almuqrin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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