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Aldali JA, Alotaibi BA, Aldali HJ, Alasiri GA, Alaseem A, Almuqrin AM, Alshalani A, Alotaibi FT. Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccines on Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Biochemical and Haematological Parameters. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2203. [PMID: 37626700 PMCID: PMC10452730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been developed to help prevent the spread of the virus infections. The COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca, have undergone rigorous testing and have demonstrated both safety and effectiveness. Extensive evidence supports their effectiveness in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. The administration of COVID-19 vaccines can directly affect hematological and biochemical parameters, with reported cases showing an association with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, it was hypothesized that COVID-19 vaccines may also influence hematological and biochemical markers in sickle cell patients. This study aimed to investigate the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines on sickle cell patients, providing a comprehensive evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind conducted in Saudi Arabia. The study included the evaluation of Pfizer and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines in sickle cell patients, measuring key parameters. Our findings revealed varying impacts of both vaccines on the ALT, AST, and CRP levels. Notably, CRP and ALT exhibited potential as indicators for renal disease, diabetes, and arthritis. However, further investigations are necessary to uncover the underlying mechanisms that drive these observed differences and comprehend their clinical implications for this vulnerable patient population. The unique nature of our study fills a crucial research gap and underscores the need for additional research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad A. Aldali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badi A. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah J. Aldali
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Biomedical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Glowi A. Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alaseem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almuqrin
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshalani
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad T. Alotaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 5701, Saudi Arabia
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Alotaibi BA, Aldali JA, Aldali HJ, Alasiri GA, Elsokkary EM, Al Mugairi A, Almuqrin AM. Risk Factors for Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and COVID-19 Disease-A Retrospective Study at a Major Saudi Tertiary Center. Viruses 2023; 15:1224. [PMID: 37376524 DOI: 10.3390/v15061224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) insufficiency is a common enzymatic defect worldwide; it affects over 400 million people and is associated with various disorders. Recent research suggests that G6PD-deficient cells are susceptible to infection by human coronaviruses, as the G6PD enzyme is involved in the metabolism of oxidative stress, which may enhance COVID-19 mortality. This retrospective study aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 on patients with G6PD deficiency by comparing the laboratory parameters of patients with G6PD enzyme deficiency alone, COVID-19 alone, and those with both COVID-19 and G6PD enzyme deficiency treated at a major Saudi tertiary center. The results indicated significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters between the three patient groups, indicating that COVID-19 may influence these parameters, and that they could be used to measure the severity of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, this study suggests that patients with G6PD enzyme deficiency may be at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. Although the study is limited by the lack of a random selection method for group membership, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test was used to statistical assess the data. The study's findings can enhance the understanding of the relation between COVID-19 infected and G6PD-deficiency patients and inform clinical decision making for an improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badi A Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad A Aldali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah J Aldali
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Biomedical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Glowi A Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Elsokkary
- Psychology, Organisation, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Al Mugairi
- Hematopathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almuqrin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Alotaibi BA, Aldali JA, Aldali HJ, Meo SA, Alasiri GA, Elsokkary EM, Alotaibi ND, Alotaibi F. The Risk Factors for Acute Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Viruses 2023; 15:v15051140. [PMID: 37243226 DOI: 10.3390/v15051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) patients may experience an acute ischemic stroke; however, risk factors, in-hospital deaths, and outcomes have not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the risk factors, comorbidities, and outcomes in patients with SARS-VoV-2 infection and acute ischemic stroke compared to patients without these conditions. The present retrospective study was conducted in the King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the period from April 2020 to February 2022. This study investigates the risk variables among the individuals who were diagnosed with either SARS-CoV-2 with stroke or patients with stroke alone. A total of 42,688 COVID-19 patients were registered, 187 cases of strokes were listed in COVID-19 patients, however, 5395 cases with stroke without SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results revealed that factors including age, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, and ischemic heart disease are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. The results also displayed an elevated frequency of in-hospital deaths in COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The results also showed that SARS-CoV-2 together predicts the probability of stroke and death in the study sample. The study findings conclude that ischemic strokes were infrequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and usually occur in the presence of other risk factors. The risk factors of ischemic strokes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 are old age, male gender, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, DVT, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the results showed a higher frequency of in-hospital deaths in COVID-19 patients with stroke compared to COVID-19 patients without stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badi A Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad A Aldali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah J Aldali
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Biomedical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol City BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glowi A Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Elsokkary
- Department of Psychology, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naser D Alotaibi
- Neurology Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizah Alotaibi
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
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Aldali HJ, Aldali JA, Alotaibi BA, Alasiri GA, Alromih AM, Elsokkary EM, Aldali AZ, Almeziny A. Evaluating the Adverse Events Associated with Three Doses of the COVID-19 Vaccination in Adults in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020266. [PMID: 36851144 PMCID: PMC9959497 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was one of the countries earliest affected by the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and had taken precautions including compulsory COVID-19 vaccination. Both the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Oxford AstraZeneca) and the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer) were approved by the Saudi Ministry of Health, followed by mRNA-1273 (Moderna), all of which were used for population-wide vaccination. This study aimed to assess the short-term side effects following the COVID-19 vaccinations among participants who had received all three doses in the western region of Saudi Arabia. An online survey was distributed to the participants who received either BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or mRNA-1273 vaccines, and the type of side effects and their severity were evaluated. Fatigue and headache, pain at the site of the injection and muscle pain were the most common side effects in all three doses. However, the severity depending on the type of vaccination was significant only for the first and second dose, but not the third dose. In contrast, there was a higher percentage of participants who encountered severe side effects from the third dose compared to the first and second. Nevertheless, the majority of participants described all three doses' side effects to be moderately severe. A future evaluation could be made to access the individual types of vaccination and compare between the side effects of the BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and mRNA-1273 vaccines specifically for the booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah J. Aldali
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Biomedical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Jehad A. Aldali
- 0921 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badi A. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glowi A. Alasiri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine Organization Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aroob M. Alromih
- Medical School, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M. Elsokkary
- Psychology, Organisation Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Z. Aldali
- Department of Rehabilitation Health Science—Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almeziny
- Medical School, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
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Alasiri GA. Effect of gut microbiota on colorectal cancer progression and treatment. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1289-1299. [PMID: 36517053 PMCID: PMC9994512 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.12.20220367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is a collection of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, bacteriophages, viruses, and fungi that cover human body surfaces and cavities. They characterize inside the body due to several factors such as diet, nutrition, xenobiotic substances, and microbial infections. Several studies have shown that gut microbiota can induce resistance against pathogens and regulate the immune system. In addition, their disruption is associated with several physiological and biochemical disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, colon cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-deadliest cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 900,000 deaths per year globally. Gut microbiota has been heavily linked to CRC incidence and prevention via bacterial metabolites, invasion, translocation, host's defense modulations, and bacterial-immune system interactions. In addition, it can influence the metabolism of chemical compounds such as drugs and xenobiotics to manipulate the treatment response in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glowi A. Alasiri
- From the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Aldali JA, Alotaibi FT, Alasiri GA, Almesned RA, Alromih AM, Almohandes AM, Alsenidi SF. Evaluate the side effect associated with COVID-19 vaccine on adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-section study. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1248-1253. [PMID: 36379531 PMCID: PMC10043907 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.11.20220493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the side effects of Pizer- BioNTech mRNA (BNT162b2) and Spikevax (mRNA- 1273) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines on adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was carried out among COVID-19 vaccine adolescent recipients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. After receiving at least one dose of each vaccine, general and demographic data were collected, and vaccine-related side effects were evaluated. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 604 participants with a majority age group of 16-17 years old. Approximately 89.1% of the study participants were female. Most participants reported pain at the injection site (85.1% 1st dose, 79.8% 2nd dose), feeling tired, and headache (58.6% 1st dose, 64.2% 2nd dose). Moreover, we found that patients who took the first dose and had a chronic disease had 2.4 times higher odds of having menstrual disorder (females) than non-chronic disease patients (p=0.03) and 4.5 times higher odds of exhibiting breathing congestion (p=0.01). In addition, patients with chronic disease had 2.4 times higher odds of exhibiting muscle and joint pain and dizziness than non-chronic disease patients (p=0.01, p=0.02). Males were less likely to have dizziness after the first dose than females (OR=0.26, p=0.01). CONCLUSION This study investigates the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents in Riyadh. As a result, this study creates a database to inform people about the risk of experiencing side effects based on their gender, age, and the vaccine type; more investigation is needed to better understand the link between risk factors and the development of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad A. Aldali
- From the Department of Pathology (Aldali), from the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (Alotaibi), from the Department of Biochemistry (Alasiri), and from the College of Medicine (Almesned, Alromih, Almohandes, Alsenidi), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad T. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Pathology (Aldali), from the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (Alotaibi), from the Department of Biochemistry (Alasiri), and from the College of Medicine (Almesned, Alromih, Almohandes, Alsenidi), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Glowi A. Alasiri
- From the Department of Pathology (Aldali), from the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (Alotaibi), from the Department of Biochemistry (Alasiri), and from the College of Medicine (Almesned, Alromih, Almohandes, Alsenidi), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Renad A. Almesned
- From the Department of Pathology (Aldali), from the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (Alotaibi), from the Department of Biochemistry (Alasiri), and from the College of Medicine (Almesned, Alromih, Almohandes, Alsenidi), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aroob M. Alromih
- From the Department of Pathology (Aldali), from the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (Alotaibi), from the Department of Biochemistry (Alasiri), and from the College of Medicine (Almesned, Alromih, Almohandes, Alsenidi), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afnan M. Almohandes
- From the Department of Pathology (Aldali), from the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (Alotaibi), from the Department of Biochemistry (Alasiri), and from the College of Medicine (Almesned, Alromih, Almohandes, Alsenidi), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shahad F. Alsenidi
- From the Department of Pathology (Aldali), from the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (Alotaibi), from the Department of Biochemistry (Alasiri), and from the College of Medicine (Almesned, Alromih, Almohandes, Alsenidi), Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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