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Alam MK, Alqhtani NR, Alnufaiy B, Alqahtani AS, Elsahn NA, Russo D, Di Blasio M, Cicciù M, Minervini G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of resveratrol on oral cancer: potential therapeutic implications. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:412. [PMID: 38575921 PMCID: PMC10993553 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of resveratrol on oral neoplastic parameters through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, has shown promising potential as a therapeutic agent in various cancer types, including oral neoplasms. Understanding the collective findings from existing studies can shed light on the efficacy and mechanisms of resveratrol in oral cancer management. The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant studies from various databases, registers, websites, and citation searches. The inclusion criteria encompassed in-vivo studies investigating the impact of resveratrol on oral neoplastic parameters in animal models. After screening and assessment, a total of five eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the selected studies revealed that resveratrol treatment exhibited a potential impact on reducing oral neoplastic proliferation and promoting neoplastic apoptosis. The combined analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in neoplastic parameters with an overall effect size (ES) of 0.85 (95% CI: [0.74, 0.98]). Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential variations among different cellular types and exposure compounds, providing further insights into the efficacy of resveratrol in specific contexts. This systematic review and meta-analysis support the potential of resveratrol as a promising therapeutic agent in oral cancer management. The findings indicate that resveratrol may effectively modulate neoplastic proliferation and apoptosis in various cellular types within animal models of oral cancer. However, further well-controlled studies and clinical trials are warranted to validate these observations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of resveratrol's actions. Resveratrol holds promise as a complementary therapeutic approach in the prevention and treatment of oral neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, 72345, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, 600077, India.
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Banna Alnufaiy
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesrine A Elsahn
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center of Medical and Bioallied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Diana Russo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Marco Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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Alqahtani AS. Prevalence and Association of Calcified Pulp Stones with Periodontitis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study in Saudi Arabian Population. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S644-S650. [PMID: 38595488 PMCID: PMC11001021 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_913_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the prevalence and association of periodontitis and pulp stone (PS) along with the clinical variables. This study assessed the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) records to identify the presence of PS and clinical periodontitis records were used to determine the stages of periodontitis. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between study parameters. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between PS and periodontitis. A total of 228 CBCT records were conveniently selected for this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cohen's kappa analysis showed near to perfect scores for both examiners. The Chi-square test showed that CBCT records from the age range 41-50 years, male patients, and stage II of periodontitis prevalently showed pulp stones; however, there were no significant differences observed between the PS and clinical variables. However, gender, involvement of tooth, and stages of periodontitis showed significant distribution of the PS. Logistic regression showed that the stages of periodontitis showed no significant association with PS in patients with periodontitis. Moreover, multivariate odds ratio adjustment did not alter the outcome. Periodontitis is not associated with the presence of PS in the current population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Alam MK, Zaman MU, Alqhtani NR, Alqahtani AS, Alqahtani F, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Salivary Biomarkers and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:416-426. [PMID: 37731276 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present review aimed to investigate the association between salivary biomarkers and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). TMD is a multifactorial condition characterised by pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding structures. Salivary biomarkers have emerged as potential diagnostic tools due to their non-invasiveness and easy accessibility. However, the literature on salivary biomarkers in relation to TMD is limited and inconsistent. METHODS Electronic databases of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Medline were searched using specific search terms and Boolean operators. The search was limited to articles published in English that assessed salivary biomarkers in individuals diagnosed with TMD. Two reviewers independently screened the articles and extracted data. ROB-2 was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS Eleven clinical papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings provided consistent evidence of a clear association between salivary biomarkers and TMD. Various biomarkers, including cortisol, IL-1, glutamate and several others, were assessed. Some studies reported higher levels of cortisol and IL-1 in TMD patients, indicating potential involvement in stress and inflammation. Glutamate levels were found to be elevated, suggesting a role in pain modulation. Other biomarkers also showed alterations in TMD patients compared to controls: CONCLUSION: The findings from the included studies suggest that salivary biomarkers may play a role in TMD pathophysiology. Though a definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding the specific salivary biomarkers and their association with TMD, the results must be interpreted with caution considering the heterogeneity of the biomarkers assessed. Further research with larger sample sizes, standardised methodology and rigorous study designs is needed to elucidate the role of salivary biomarkers in TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Skaka, Saudi Arabia
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmud Uz Zaman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Alsakr A, Gufran K, Alqahtani AS, Alasqah M, Alnufaiy B, Alzahrani HG, Alahmari AA, Alhumaidani FK, Alhumaidani RK, Althobiti MJ. Ozone Therapy as an Adjuvant in the Treatment of Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7078. [PMID: 38002690 PMCID: PMC10672703 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of ozone therapy in the treatment of stage II and stage III periodontitis. This prospective split-mouth study selected patients who were diagnosed with either stage II or stage III periodontitis. All patients were treated with scaling and root-planing (SRP) on the control side and SRP with ozone therapy on the test side. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), O'Leary plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) scores were recorded at baseline and six weeks after the SRP treatment. A total of 46 patients were selected for this study, including 31 males and 15 females. All periodontal variables (PD, CAL, PI, and BOP) showed significant changes (p < 0.0001) from baseline to six weeks. Moreover, significant changes (PD = 0.0001, CAL = 0.0001, PI = 0.042 and BOP = 0.0001) were also observed between the control and test sides. Gender showed no significance on periodontal variables (p > 0.05) except PD on the test side (p = 0.030). In addition, periodontal stages and grades showed no significant changes (p > 0.05) in any periodontal variables on both sides. Ozone therapy significantly improves the periodontal condition compared to SRP treatment alone. However, the stages and grades of periodontitis do not influence the outcome of ozone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alsakr
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alasqah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Banna Alnufaiy
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Hanadi Ghurmallah Alzahrani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.); (B.A.); (H.G.A.)
| | - Ali Ayidh Alahmari
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.K.A.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Faisal Khaled Alhumaidani
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.K.A.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Rakan Khaled Alhumaidani
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (F.K.A.); (R.K.A.)
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Alnufaiy B, Alzahrani HG, Alqahtani AS, Gufran K, Alhamdan A, Alhamdan K. Periodontists' perceptions and attitudes toward the use of social media for professional purposes in Saudi Arabia. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:732. [PMID: 37807041 PMCID: PMC10561405 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a notable increase in the usage of social media platforms, especially for health communication, as more clinicians and patients count on this kind of technology. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the perception and attitude toward social media (SM) use for professionalism and dental practice promotion among periodontal specialists working in Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS Electronic surveys were distributed in person or online using WhatsApp, Snapchat or Email from October 2022 until March 2023. The questionnaire was targeting periodontists in KSA, and it consists of three parts: the first part includes sociodemographic and professional data; the second part asks about the daily usage of SM in dental practice; and the third part asks about the periodontist's opinion about SM usage. Descriptive data were presented as numbers and percentages. The association between the demographic variables and the means of periodontists' opinions was tested using Pearson's chi-square test. Any value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 121 responses were received from the periodontists. Most of the participants were in the 36-45 age group, with a percentage of 40.5%. In terms of gender, males made up 52.9% of the population, while females made up 47.1%, and the majority of the participants were consultants. The most common SM platform used by periodontists for daily using and dental practice promotion was Snapchat (56.2%), followed by Instagram and Twitter (54.5% and 49.6%, respectively). There was a significant difference in proportions among Twitter, Snapchat and TikTok between older and younger periodontists, with a p value < 0.05. There was no significant difference between the gender of the participants and their opinions regarding the usage of SM. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the effectiveness of SM in the promotion of dental practices and the discipline of periodontics, as more clinicians and patients rely on this kind of technology. These online platforms can improve periodontal practice in terms of dental health education, counseling, advertising, and oral health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banna Alnufaiy
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hanadi Ghurmallah Alzahrani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfaisal Alhamdan
- Internship, college of dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Alhamdan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry; College of Dentistry, King Saud University, KSU Unite-1 /12372, PO Box;7669, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nassani MZ, Tarakji B, Alqahtani AM, Alali FM, Noushad M, Rastam S, Alsalhani AB, Alfadel MK, Alzuabi AA, Ateen AM, Khojah AB, Zaman MU, Alqahtani AS, Alqhtani NR, Nabhan AB, Alhedyan FS, Kujan O, Al-Maweri SA. Awareness and practice of dentists in gulf cooperation council countries regarding medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw - A web-based survey. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1677-1684. [PMID: 37799864 PMCID: PMC10547943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious complication among dental patients undergoing treatment with antiresorptive medications such as bisphosphonate and denosumab. The present survey investigated the awareness and practice of dentists in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries regarding MRONJ. Materials and methods This questionnaire-based study was conducted among dental practitioners in all six GCC countries. A questionnaire was designed and distributed among all potential participants via different social media platforms. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis, and P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Overall, 1685 dentists from the six GCC countries participated in the present study. The surveyed dentists revealed relatively fair practices and awareness regarding MRONJ and its prevention, with the majority reported asking their patients about history of anti-osteoporotic medications (67.8%), recording name of the medication (73.1%) and duration of treatment (75.5%). However, the majority of the participants were unconfident about the duration of drug holiday prior to dental surgical interventions (70.6%) and the overall good level of knowledge/practice related to MRONJ was just 50.6%. The regression analysis revealed that previous exposure to MRONJ cases and attending a seminar, course, meeting, or conference about osteonecrosis of the jaw were independent predictors for positive awareness/good practice regarding MRONJ (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results show inadequate awareness and practices of dentists practicing in GCC countries regarding MRONJ, with significant variations among the countries. Therefore, appropriate interventions such as periodic continuous education courses are required to improve dentists' knowledge and practices regarding MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakaria Nassani
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassel Tarakji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal Mehsen Alali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer Rastam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas B. Alsalhani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hama, Hama, Syria
| | - Mohammed Khalid Alfadel
- Dental Student, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abdullah Bahjat Khojah
- Dental Student, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmud Uz Zaman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Bin Nabhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal S. Alhedyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia, Australia
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Alqahtani AR, Desai SR, Patel JR, Alqhtani NR, Alqahtani AS, Heboyan A, Fernandes GVO, Mustafa M, Karobari MI. Investigating the impact of diameters and thread designs on the Biomechanics of short implants placed in D4 bone: a 3D finite element analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:686. [PMID: 37740190 PMCID: PMC10517556 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental implants emerge as a dependable and efficacious alternative for patients experiencing partial or complete tooth loss. The stability of these implants is influenced by surface topography and macro-level design. In cases where the height of the maxillary posterior region is diminished, employing short implants can prove advantageous. With the aim of examining the distribution of von Mises stress, strain, and micromovement in D4 bone quality surrounding platform-switched short implants, measuring 6 mm in length and featuring diameters ranging from 4 to 6 mm, as well as different thread designs, an in-depth finite element analysis was conducted under immediate loading conditions. METHODOLOGY A 3D finite element model was constructed to simulate maxillary molar crowns, incorporating an implant with a length of 6 mm and varying diameters and thread designs. The diameters utilized were 4/3.6 mm, 5/4 mm, and 6/4.8 mm, while the thread designs included buttress, square, and triangle patterns. Each model underwent analysis with a 100 N force applied in two directions: vertical and oblique, relative to the long axis of the implant. Stress, strain, and micromovement in the peri-implant region were recorded, employing the Ansys Workbench R v.18.1 software for modelling and analysis. RESULTS When comparing all three diameters, the wide diameter (6 mm threads) exhibited the lowest values of peri-implant von Mises stresses (3.3 MPa and 35.1 MPa), strains (194 Ɛ and 484 Ɛ), and micromovements (0.7 μm and 1.3 Ɛ) subjected to axial and non-axial loading of a 100 N force. Notably, square microthreads yielded the most favorable stress parameters among the different thread shapes, manifesting the minimum values of stress, strains, and micromovements in their vicinity. CONCLUSION For the treatment of atrophic ridges or in scenarios necessitating extensive surgical preparation of the implant site, a combination of short implants, wide diameters, and platform switching can be employed. In situations with reduced bone height and the requirement for an implant-supported prosthesis to replace a missing permanent maxillary molar, the utilization of wide-diameter platform-switched short implants measuring 6 mm in length, featuring a square thread design, should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Robaian Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shrikar R. Desai
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, HKE’S S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, 585105 India
| | - Jignesh R. Patel
- Dr. Patel’s Specialty Dental Care, 203, Silver Empire, Opposite Utran Power House Gate, VIP Circle, Utran, 394107 Surat India
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025 Armenia
| | - Gustavo V. O. Fernandes
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Isaqali Karobari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, 12211 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Kuthambakkam, India
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Alsakr A, Gufran K, Alqahtani AS, Alkharaan H, Abushanan A, Alnufaiy B, Alkhaldi A, Alshammari T, Alanazi M. Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Dental Anxiety in Patients Visiting Intern Dental Clinic. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1284. [PMID: 37512095 PMCID: PMC10384008 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the dental anxiety of patients using the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) questionnaire along with examining the possible relationship between dental anxiety and sociodemographic factors. Materials and Methods: The MDAS questionnaire was used to assess the anxiety level of the patients which included a total of five questions and five options to respond to each question. MDAS questionnaire was filled out by all the patients before the dental treatment. After finishing the treatment, all the patients were given a post-treatment questionnaire to assess their anxiety levels after treatment. Descriptive statistics were performed for measuring the frequency of responses. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the anxiety between the gender. The chi-square test was used to identify the distribution of pre-treatment with gender and post-treatment questionnaire with gender and treatment modalities. Linear regression was used to identify the association between clinical variables and different levels of anxiety. Results: A total of 115 patients including 59 males and 56 females with a mean age of 35 ± 11.34 years were included in the current study. Female patients were significantly more anxious about dental treatment compared to male patients. Linear regression showed that age and gender have a significant association with the pre-treatment anxiety level; however, types of treatment is not associated with the MDAS. Anxiety levels decreased for the majority of the patients after the treatment and types of treatment did not show any differences with the post-treatment anxiety level. Conclusions: Age and gender play an important role in dental anxiety; however, types of treatment are not associated with pre-treatment and post-treatment dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alsakr
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alkharaan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alwaleed Abushanan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Banna Alnufaiy
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkhaldi
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Alshammari
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhannad Alanazi
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Gufran K, Khan MS, Alqahtani AS, Alnufaiy B. Pain Assessment and Need for Analgesics after Scaling and Root Planing in Patients with Stage II and Stage III Periodontitis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1203. [PMID: 37512015 PMCID: PMC10385337 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The most common treatment procedure for periodontitis and gingivitis is scaling and root planing, which is perceived as a painful dental treatment. The current study aimed to assess pain perception and analgesics consumption after scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with stage II and stage III periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Before starting the SRP, all the periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were measured. The anxiety level of the patients was also assessed using the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) questionnaire. Pain perception of the patients was recorded with the visual analog scale (VAS) after performing the SRP. Patients were asked to mark their pain level on the VAS sheet after two hours, four hours, eight hours, 24 h, and 48 h after the periodontal treatment. The following cut-off points were used for the pain intensity in the VAS: 0 = no pain, 1-4 = mild pain, 4-6 = moderate pain, and 7-10 = severe pain. Patients were advised to take analgesics if the pain was intolerable. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to conduct the association of all dependent variables and the pain perception of patients. A nonparametric Friedman test was conducted to assess pain perception at different times. Results: A total of 52 patients including 32 males and 20 females participated in the current study, with a mean age of 43.10 ± 12.33 years. Multivariate analyses showed that MDAS and analgesic consumption is significantly associated with pain perception. Other clinical variables are not associated with pain perception. The Friedman test exhibited that pain perception is significantly associated (p < 0.05) with time. Conclusions: Analgesic consumption and anxiety level are significantly associated with pain perception after SRP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shoyab Khan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Banna Alnufaiy
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Alqahtani AS, Gufran K, Alsakr A, Alnufaiy B, Al Ghwainem A, Bin Khames YM, Althani RA, Almuthaybiri SM. Oral Healthcare Practices and Awareness among the Parents of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children: A Multi-Center Study. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:978. [PMID: 37371210 DOI: 10.3390/children10060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of the parents of autistic children toward oral health and the practice of oral hygiene habits. A questionnaire was constructed, validated, and distributed to the parents of autistic children at different autistic centers. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: demographic information on the parents of autistic children, the knowledge and attitudes of parents toward oral health, and the practice of oral hygiene habits in the current population. A total of 206 responses were collected. Irrespective of the parents' educational and employment statuses, most second children were diagnosed with autism, and most of the parents have four or more children. In terms of knowledge and attitudes toward oral health, a total of 90.30% of the patients were aware of the oral healthcare of their child, and 55.80% of parents take them to the dentist for checkups. Moreover, the response to the practice of oral hygiene habits from the parents was positive, and most of the parents assist in the oral hygiene practices of their autistic children. This study showed that most of the parents appeared to have satisfactory knowledge about oral health practices for autistic children. However, additional studies should also be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsakr
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Banna Alnufaiy
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhamid Al Ghwainem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rakan Abdullah Althani
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Desai SR, Koulgikar KD, Alqhtani NR, Alqahtani AR, Alqahtani AS, Alenazi A, Heboyan A, Fernandes GVO, Mustafa M. Three-Dimensional FEA Analysis of the Stress Distribution on Titanium and Graphene Frameworks Supported by 3 or 6-Implant Models. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010015. [PMID: 36648801 PMCID: PMC9844420 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium is the main component of dental implants. It is also routinely used as a framework material for implant-supported full-arch prostheses due to its low density, biocompatibility, and other mechanical properties. Remarkable mechanical properties such as lesser mass density and higher young's modulus of graphene have gained popularity among scientists, improving the properties of biomedical implants. Thus, our study aimed to compare the outcome through the von Mises stresses generated on All-on-6 and All-on-3 implant models, as well as on the framework, and evaluate the effect of stress patterns on the crestal bone around implants in the mandible. FEA (Finite Element Analysis) study was carried out using edentulous mandible models. Four 3D FEA models with 3 and 6 implants were used (Model 1: Titanium bar-supported 6 straight implants; Model 2: Graphene bar-supported 6 straight implants; Model 3: Titanium bar-supported 3 implants with 30 degrees-tilted; Model 4: Graphene bar-supported 3 implants with 30 degrees-tilted) in order to simulate endosseous implant designs. The implant measuring 4.2 mm in diameter and 11.5 mm in length were used. The most distal implants in the 3-implant models were placed with angulation of 30 degrees; in 6 implants, they were vertically placed. All the models were analyzed for vertical and oblique axis with a single force magnitude of 100 N. In all four implant models and under loading conditions, the peak stress points were always on the neck of the most distal implant. von Mises stresses were within the normal stress range. In a conventional six-straight implant model supported by a titanium framework, the cortical stress in the region of implants was 25.27 MPa, whereas, in the graphene framework, it was 12.18 MPa. Under vertical load, there was a significant difference in the cortical stress around the tilted implants (30 degrees) in the 3-implant system of titanium and graphene frameworks, respectively, 70.31 MPa and 21.27 MPa. The graphene framework demonstrated better results than the titanium framework for the conventional six-implant system under vertical load, achieving stress of 30.09 MPa and 76.60 MPa, respectively. In the case of the 3-implant system, a significant difference in the bar stress was observed between graphene and titanium, respectively, 256.32 MPa and 180.1 MPa of bar stress. Within the limitation of this study, the peri-implant stresses were decreased using graphene framework models. Hence, it was possible to conclude that the best load-bearing capacity results were found in the graphene framework group compared to the titanium framework for All-on-6 and All-on-3 implant models, even though both materials are reliable options used as framework materials in implant-supported full-arch prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikar R. Desai
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, HKE’S S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi 585105, India
| | - Kiran Deepak Koulgikar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, HKE’S S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi 585105, India
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Robaian Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alenazi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Gustavo V. O. Fernandes
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (G.V.O.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (G.V.O.F.); (M.M.)
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12
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Alasmari D, Alkhalaf MS, Alqahtani SM, Alqhtani NR, Alqahtani AS, Gufran K, Alotaibi YK. Effectiveness of Smart Applications of Oral Hygiene Instructions on Periodontal Health Compared to Oral Information: A Prospective Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14703. [PMID: 36429421 PMCID: PMC9689989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, smartphone applications are widely used in different areas of life, including medical science. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a smartphone application of oral hygiene instructions (OHI) on periodontal health compared to the traditional chairside OHI. All the participants (n = 39) were divided into two groups: control group and test group. Participants of the control group were given verbal OHI and participants of the test group were asked to use a smartphone application to upkeep their oral habits. The gingival index (GI) and Quigley-Hein Turesky modification index (QHTMI) were used for scoring the plaque accumulation at baseline and after one month of the periodontal treatment. A paired t-test and an independent t-test were performed to compare the mean of GI and QHTMI between intra-group and inter-group, respectively. The paired t-test showed significant differences in GI and QHTMI improvement after one month in both groups. Moreover, the independent t-test showed no significant differences between the two groups. However, the test group showed a lower mean score in GI and QHTMI assessments compared to the control group. Smartphone applications in oral health applications did not exhibit any superiority in periodontal health over the traditional OHI method in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhafer Alasmari
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saeed Maeed Alqahtani
- Consultant Periodontics, Dental Department Border Guard Center, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Khaled Alotaibi
- Consultant Periodontist, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Hussein MR, Alqahtani AS, Al-Shraim MM, Assiri YI, Ahmed FO, Korkoman MJ, Al-Ameer AY, Ahmed AM. An Unusual Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Ischiorectal Region. Gastroenterology Res 2022; 15:268-277. [PMID: 36407805 PMCID: PMC9635781 DOI: 10.14740/gr1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferations that occur in a wide range of anatomical sites. These tumors have nonspecific clinical presentations often with unpredictable biological behavior. SFTs can be slow growing low-risk tumors or rapidly growing high-risk tumors. They show a wide variety of histological features and typically are characterized by NAB2-STAT6 fusion. SFTs of the ischiorectal fossa are rare, with few studies reported in the literature to date. Here, we report a 90-year-old male who had a road traffic accident in October 2018. A pelvic computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass measuring 3.5 × 2.5 cm in the right ischiorectal fossa. Histopathology of the CT-guided biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of low-grade SFT. No surgical intervention was needed since the patient was asymptomatic. In January 2022, a follow-up CT showed a gradual increase in tumor size (5 × 3.5 × 3 cm), but not infiltrating the surrounding structures. However, the patient complained of constipation, which warranted a surgical excision of the mass. Subsequently, immunohistological examination reconfirmed the diagnosis of low-risk SFT. Here, we discussed the clinicopathological features of the case and the relevant literature about pelvic SFTs. In conclusion, SFTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any ischiorectal mass. It is recommended that tissue samples be obtained, and immunohistology should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud R.A. Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut Governorate, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding Author: Abdullah Saad Alqahtani, Departments of General Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Yahia Ibraheem Assiri
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras O. Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Y. Al-Ameer
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut Governorate, Egypt
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14
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Alqahtani AS. Awareness of current mobile apps for smoking cessation among the dental and medical practitioners in Saudi Arabia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:6561-6568. [PMID: 36196704 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at assessing whether the dental and medical practitioners in Saudi Arabia are aware of the smoking cessation smartphone applications and their opinions about this method used in smoking cessation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A self-reporting questionnaire was designed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness among the dental and medical practitioners regarding the smartphone mobile applications for smoking cessation. The content of the questionnaire was validated and sent to individual physicians through email, WhatsApp, Twitter and other social media platforms, which also contained a consent form and explanation of the study. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics by frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to observe the differences in opinions of smoking cessation apps between smokers and non-smokers among all the participants. RESULTS A total of 420 responses were obtained from the dental and medical professionals (291 males and 129 females) in different ranks. Among all the participants, 46.7% were in the age range of 30-40 years. The profession of the participants was divided into four groups and general dental practitioners are the most respondents compared to other practitioners. Among all the participants, 31% were smokers and the rest were non-smokers. Overall, 12.6% of participants and 20.8% of participants who were smokers were aware of the mobile applications which are used for smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS The dental and medical practitioners in Saudi Arabia are not relatively acquainted with mobile apps for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Alqhtani NR, Alenazi A, Alqahtani AS, Gufran K, Robaian A, Alqahtani AM, Aldossary SF, Aldossry MF. Labial alveolar bone thickness and its correlation with buccolingual maxillary incisors angulation: a CBCT based study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:4625-4633. [PMID: 35856352 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202207_29184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the labial alveolar bone thickness (ABT) and buccolingual teeth angulation may reduce the complication that might arise during or post-operative treatment. The operator could determine the precise method to ensure long-term treatment success. This study aimed to evaluate the ABT with buccolingual upper incisor teeth angulation based on the maxillary plane by using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 371 CBCT radiographs were initially assessed and 100 CBCT radiographs were included. On the maxillary incisors, the labial alveolar bone thickness is evaluated at three points (Point A: Four mm below from CEJ, Point B: Midpoint from the labial alveolar-palatal alveolar crest plane and root apex. Point C: Root Apex of the tooth). The distance from these points to labial alveolar bone was measured for the ABT. Moreover, buccolingual angulation of the tooth was measured by the angle formed by the maxillary plane and the long axis of the tooth. RESULTS There is no significant difference observed between genders in the labial alveolar bone thickness. The labial alveolar bone thickness grew gradually from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) level to the apical level. Moreover, there was a statistically significant positive correlation observed between labial alveolar bone thickness at the apical level (Point C) and angulation (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The labial bone thickness was less than 2 mm in the majority of cases at the three points among maxillary incisors. In addition, there is a correlation between buccolingual angulation of the maxillary incisors and labial alveolar bone thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Alqahtani AS, Sharanesha RB, Gufran K, Alqhtani NR, Abushanan A, Alasqah M, Alsakr AM, Alkharaan H. Variation in Hemodynamic Characteristics during Periodontal Crown-Lengthening Surgical Procedure: An Uncontrolled Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050919. [PMID: 35628056 PMCID: PMC9141731 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the changes in primary hemodynamic parameters and oxygen saturation in systemically healthy patients during the surgical procedure involving crown lengthening. (2) Methods: A total of 44 patients who required a crown-lengthening procedure in a single tooth in the maxillary arch were included in this study. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured in all the subjects at three different intervals: before injecting the anesthetic (T1), after the anesthetic injection (T2) and after the procedure (T3). Descriptive statistics were computed, and observations were recorded as mean and standard deviation (SD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean observation within parameters at different time intervals. (3) Results: All primary hemodynamic parameters were increased in the T2 phase over T1 and decreased in the T3 phase over T2. However, SpO2 decreased in both the T2 and T3 phases compared to the initial T1 phase. No significant differences were observed among the primary hemodynamic variables. However, SpO2 showed a significant difference (p = 0.013) among the T1, T2 and T3 phases. (4) Conclusions: Further study with larger sample size is required in order to analyze the accurate hemodynamic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Rajashekhara Bhari Sharanesha
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Khalid Gufran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alwaleed Abushanan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alasqah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Mohammad Alsakr
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Hassan Alkharaan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (R.B.S.); (A.A.); (M.A.); (A.M.A.); (H.A.)
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17
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Alqahtani AS, Alqhtani NR, Gufran K, Alsakr AM, Alshehri A, Binaljadm TM, Alzamil FF, Alqwiri AS, Alotaibi NM, Harun HMW. Comparative assessment of periodontal treatment needs among the electronic cigarette users and traditional smokers. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:2676-2682. [PMID: 35503612 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202204_28597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is currently presumptuous that electric cigarettes are less harmful than the conventional ones; this is increasing the consumption of electric cigarettes. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the periodontal treatment needs among conventional smokers, electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers. This cross-sectional designed study involved 150 patients with a mean age of 29.88±7.81 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among all patients, 50 patients were recruited in each group. The periodontal condition and the treatment need for the patients were assessed using the community periodontal index treatment need (CPITN). Fisher exact test was used to find the significant association of all three groups with the periodontal status and the treatment need. Female patients (12.5%) showed better periodontal status than the male patients (87.5%) and required less complicated periodontal treatment independently from smoking type. RESULTS Furthermore, deeper pocket depth ≥6 mm (75%) has been found among the conventional cigarette smokers whereas the majority of the electric cigarette smokers (50%) have calculus deposition. Thus, 50% of the electric smokers require professional scaling whereas 57.1% of conventional smokers prerequisite complex periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS Besides, there was a significant difference (p≤0.05) observed among all groups in periodontal health index and treatment need. Conventional cigarette consumers need more complicated periodontal treatment compared to the patients who consume electric cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alqahtani
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
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Hussein MRA, Alqahtani AS, Mohamed AM, Assiri YI, Alqahtani NI, Alqahtani SA, Ali HM, Elyas AAA, Al-Shraim MM, Hussain SS, Abu-Dief EE. A Unique Coexistence of Rectal Adenocarcinoma and Gastric Antral Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report and Minireview. Gastroenterology Res 2022; 14:340-347. [PMID: 35059068 PMCID: PMC8734494 DOI: 10.14740/gr1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the coexistence of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with many primary carcinomas such as gastric and renal cell carcinomas. However, to date reports about the coexistence of gastric GISTs and colorectal adenocarcinoma are limited. Herein we report a unique case of gastric GIST coexisting synchronously with rectal adenocarcinoma in a 36-year-old male patient who presented with weight loss, vomiting, and bleeding per rectum. Computed tomography (CT) revealed circumferential rectal mass coexistent with an irregular gastric soft tissue mass. The diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma and gastric GIST was established by immunohistological evaluation of the colonoscopic (rectum) and CT-guided (stomach) biopsies. The patient received concomitant chemoradiotherapy for the rectal adenocarcinoma and neoadjuvant imatinib for the gastric GIST. This was followed by low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and wedge resection of the gastric mass. Follow-up of the patient for 1.5 years revealed no evidence of disease recurrence. We also present a minireview of the literature that provides insights into this subject as a separate section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yahia Ibraheem Assiri
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saeed Ali Alqahtani
- Department of General Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim Mahgoub Ali
- Department of Oncology, Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Eman E Abu-Dief
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag and Merit Universities, Sohag, Egypt
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Altwairqi RG, Aljuaid SM, Alqahtani AS. Effect of tonsillectomy on humeral and cellular immunity: a systematic review of published studies from 2009 to 2019. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 277:1-7. [PMID: 31664514 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tonsillectomy is the most commonly performed surgical operation for children, its postoperative effect on the immune response was a source of debate among physicians. PURPOSE The aim of this systemic review was study the effect of tonsillectomy on children immune response. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library. REVIEW METHODS All relevant articles published English language addressing the effect of tonsillectomy on the immune system were included. One investigators extracted data regarding: year of the study, sample size, study design, sample size, timing of analysis, studied immune factors, result and conclusion were identified. Another investigator independently reviewed data accuracy. RESULTS Ten articles published between from January 2009 to January 2019 in about this issue that included 404 children were reviewed. All reviewed studies showed a non-significant difference between levels of indicators of the humeral immunity (IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4) pre- and postoperatively. Studies that measured these indicators only after surgery, showed a non-significant difference in their levels between patients and healthy controls. Levels of indicators of cellular immunity (CD4+ , CD3+ , CD8+ , CD19+ , CD25+ , CD16+ , CD+ 56) showed slight reduction or increase in some studies but without a significant difference compared to their levels preoperatively, postoperatively at different intervals or with healthy controls. Other studies found no changes in these indicators postoperatively. CONCLUSION There was enough evidence to conclude that tonsillectomy has no negative affect on both humeral and cellular immunity of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Altwairqi
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S M Aljuaid
- Senior Registrar ORL Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S Alqahtani
- Senior Registrar ORL Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Elsheikh AA, Braun LJ, Mansour SMG, Orabi A, Alqahtani AS, Benfield DA, Chase CCL. The effect of human interferon alpha on replication of different bovine viral diarrhea virus strains. Acta Virol 2019; 63:261-269. [PMID: 31507191 DOI: 10.4149/av_2019_303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) exists in two main biotypes: cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp). Although some studies were done on the effect of interferon alpha (IFN-α) on BVDV, the effect of exogenous IFN against BVDV biotypes remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the comparative effect of exogenous human IFN-α (HuIFN-α) on different BVDV biotypes and genotypes. The results showed that exogenous HuIFN-α greatly inhibited the growth of different BVDV biotypes and genotypes. However, HuINF-α has a significant inhibitory effect on cp biotype compared to ncp one without significant variation between different genotypes. The effect of HuIFN-α on BVDV reached the maximum level at early stages of infection (0-20 h post infection) and increased in a dose-dependent manner (10-500 U/ml). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to evaluate the effect of exogenous HuIFN-α on RNA synthesis of both BVDV biotypes. HuIFN-α reduced RNA production of cp by 4 logs compared to only 2 logs for ncp strains. Additionally, the antiviral effect of IFN-α against both BVDV biotypes seems to be independent of the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) activation as assayed by direct analysis of in vivo phosphorylation of eIF2-α and by 2-aminopurine (2-AP) treatment. Collectively, these results indicated that the exogenous HuIFN-α treatment has an inhibitory effect not only on cp BVDV biotype but also on the ncp BVDV. The antiviral effect of exogenous HuIFN-α was biotype, time, dose but not genotype dependent. PKR has no role in the inhibitory effect suggesting that other IFN-antiviral pathways were involved. Keywords: BVDV biotypes; HuIFN-α; RNA synthesis; PKR-independent.
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21
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Tashani M, Alfelali M, Barasheed O, Alqahtani AS, Heron L, Wong M, Rashid H, Booy R. Effect of Tdap when administered before, with or after the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (coadministered with the quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine) in adults: A randomised controlled trial. Vaccine 2016; 34:5929-5937. [PMID: 27780630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sequential or co-administration of vaccines has potential to alter the immune response to any of the antigens. Existing literature suggests that prior immunisation of tetanus/diphtheria-containing vaccines can either enhance or suppress immune response to conjugate pneumococcal or meningococcal vaccines. We examined this interaction among adult Australian travellers before attending the Hajj pilgrimage 2014. We also investigated tolerability of these vaccines separately and concomitantly. We randomly assigned each participant to one of three vaccination schedules. Group A received adult tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) 3-4weeks before receiving CRM197-conjugated 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) and CRM197-conjugated quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MCV4). Group B received all three vaccines on one day. Group C received PCV13 and MCV4 3-4weeks before Tdap. Blood samples collected at baseline, each vaccination visit and 3-4weeks after vaccination were tested using the pneumococcal opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) and by ELISA for diphtheria and tetanus antibodies. Funding for meningococcal serology was not available. Participants completed symptom diaries after each vaccination. A total of 111 participants aged 18-64 (median 40) years were recruited. No statistically significant difference was detected across the three groups in achieving OPA titre ⩾1:8 post vaccination. However, compared to other groups, Group A had a statistically significant lower number of subjects achieving ⩾4-fold rise in serotype 3, and also significantly lower geometric mean titres (GMTs) to six (of 13) pneumococcal serotypes (3, 5, 18C, 4, 19A and 9V). Group C (given prior PCV13 and MVC4) had statistically significant higher pre-Tdap geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-diphtheria IgG; however, there was no difference across the three groups following Tdap. Anti-tetanus IgG GMCs were similar across the groups before and after Tdap. No serious adverse events were reported. In conclusion, Tdap vaccination 3-4weeks before concomitant administration of PCV13 and MCV4 significantly reduced the antibody response to six of the 13 pneumococcal serotypes in adults. The trial is registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12613000536763.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tashani
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence - Immunisation in Understudied and Special Risk Populations: Closing the Gap in Knowledge through a Multidisciplinary Approach, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - M Alfelali
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence - Immunisation in Understudied and Special Risk Populations: Closing the Gap in Knowledge through a Multidisciplinary Approach, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - O Barasheed
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence - Immunisation in Understudied and Special Risk Populations: Closing the Gap in Knowledge through a Multidisciplinary Approach, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; The Executive Administration of Research, King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC), Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S Alqahtani
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Heron
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - M Wong
- Immunology Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - H Rashid
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence - Immunisation in Understudied and Special Risk Populations: Closing the Gap in Knowledge through a Multidisciplinary Approach, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - R Booy
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence - Immunisation in Understudied and Special Risk Populations: Closing the Gap in Knowledge through a Multidisciplinary Approach, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Mass Gatherings and High Consequence/High Visibility Events, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
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Alqahtani AS, Wiley KE, Willaby HW, BinDhim NF, Tashani M, Heywood AE, Booy R, Rashid H. Australian Hajj pilgrims' knowledge, attitude and perception about Ebola, November 2014 to February 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 25846489 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.12.21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Upon return from Hajj 2014, 150 Australian pilgrims were interviewed about their understanding of the Ebola epidemic. Most (89%, 134/150) knew of the epidemic before travelling and 60% (80/134) of those knew Ebola transmits through body fluids. Pilgrims who received pre-travel health advice were more conscious of Ebola (69% vs 31%, p = 0.01) and adhered better to hand hygiene after touching an ill person (68% vs 31%, p < 0.01). Mass media was the main information source (78%).
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alqahtani
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), The Children s Hospital at Westmead, and the Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
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Alqahtani AS, Rashid H, Heywood AE. Vaccinations against respiratory tract infections at Hajj. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:115-27. [PMID: 25682277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is very high among the Hajj congregation in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Despite recommendations for vaccinations, pilgrims remain at increased risk of RTIs. In this paper we systematically reviewed available studies assessing the uptake and effectiveness of vaccinations against RTIs among Hajj pilgrims and enumerated important demographic factors, if described, associated with vaccine uptake. Of the 42 included studies, 29 reported on the uptake and effectiveness of influenza vaccine among pilgrims, eight studies reported the uptake of other vaccines, notably pneumococcal, diphtheria and bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccines, and the remaining five studies described both influenza and non-influenza vaccines. The uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine ranged from 0.7% to 100% across the study populations, with coverage highest in the elderly and those with pre-existing co-morbidities. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine was variable across studies but was significantly effective against laboratory-confirmed influenza (risk ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.41-0.75; p <0.001) in pooled metadata from six studies. Uptake of diphtheria and pneumococcal vaccines was low, and the only study reporting pertussis among Hajj pilgrims found the presence of pre-Hajj immunity to be significantly protective against disease. Despite favourable evidence of effectiveness, our review shows variable uptake of vaccines across a number of studies with few data available on the uptake of non-influenza vaccines. Mixed-method studies are needed to gauge knowledge, attitudes and practices of Hajj pilgrims regarding vaccination, and randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of vaccines and improve uptake in this vulnerable travelling population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alqahtani
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospitals at Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H Rashid
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospitals at Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - A E Heywood
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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