1
|
Al Amayreh HH, Khalaf A, Hawwari MI, Hourani MK, Al Bawab A. The Recovery of Vanadium Pentoxide (V 2O 5) from Spent Catalyst Utilized in a Sulfuric Acid Production Plant in Jordan. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6503. [PMID: 37834640 PMCID: PMC10573414 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium is a significant metal, and its derivatives are widely employed in industry. One of the essential vanadium compounds is vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), which is mostly recovered from titanomagnetite, uranium-vanadium deposits, phosphate rocks, and spent catalysts. A smart method for the characterization and recovery of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) was investigated and implemented as a small-scale benchtop model. Several nondestructive analytical techniques, such as particle size analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the physical and chemical properties, such as the particle size and composition, of the samples before and after the recovery process of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). After sample preparation, several acid and alkali leaching techniques were investigated. A noncorrosive, environmentally friendly extraction method based on the use of less harmful acids was applied in batch and column experiments for the extraction of V2O5 as vanadium ions from a spent vanadium catalyst. In batching experiments, different acids and bases were examined as leaching solution agents; oxalic acid showed the best percent recovery for vanadium ions compared with the other acids used. The effects of the contact time, acid concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, stirring rate, and temperature were studied to optimize the leaching conditions. Oxalic acid with a 6% (w/w) to a 1/10 solid-to-liquid ratio at 300 rpm and 50 °C was the optimal condition for extraction (67.43% recovery). On the other hand, the column experiment with a 150 cm long and 5 cm i.d. and 144 h contact time using the same leaching reagent, 6% oxalic acid, showed a 94.42% recovery. The results of the present work indicate the possibility of the recovery of vanadium pentoxide from the spent vanadium catalyst used in the sulfuric acid industry in Jordan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba H. Al Amayreh
- Department of Scientific Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11134, Jordan;
| | - Aya Khalaf
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
| | | | - Mohammed K. Hourani
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nsairat H, AlShaer W, Odeh F, Essawi E, Khater D, Bawab AA, El-Tanani M, Awidi A, Mubarak MS. Recent Advances in Using Liposomes for Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics. OpenNano 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
3
|
Abu-Dalo MA, Al-Rawashdeh NAF, Almurabi M, Abdelnabi J, Al Bawab A. Phenolic Compounds Removal from Olive Mill Wastewater Using the Composite of Activated Carbon and Copper-Based Metal-Organic Framework. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16031159. [PMID: 36770169 PMCID: PMC9920182 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the industry of olive oil continues to grow, the management of olive mill wastewater (OMW) by-products has become an area of great interest. While many strategies for processing OMW have been established, more studies are still required to find an effective adsorbent for total phenolic content uptake. Here, we present a composite of a Cu 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate metal-organic framework (Cu (BDC) MOF) and granular activated carbon (GAC) as an adsorbent for total phenolic content removal from OMW. Experimental results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity was 20 mg/g of total phenolic content (TPC) after 4 h. using 2% wt/wt of GAC/Cu (BDC) MOF composite to OMW at optimum conditions (pH of 4.0 and 25 °C). The adsorption of phenolic content onto the GAC/Cu (BDC) MOF composite was described by the Freundlich adsorption and pseudo-second-order reaction. The adsorption reaction was found to be spontaneous and endothermic at 298 K where ΔS° and ΔH° were found to be 0.105 KJ/mol and 25.7 kJ/mol, respectively. While ΔGº value was -5.74 (kJ/mol). The results of this study provide a potential solution for the local and worldwide olive oil industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muna A. Abu-Dalo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nathir A. F. Al-Rawashdeh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Moath Almurabi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Jehad Abdelnabi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nsairat H, Khater D, Sayed U, Odeh F, Al Bawab A, Alshaer W. Liposomes: structure, composition, types, and clinical applications. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09394. [PMID: 35600452 PMCID: PMC9118483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to enhance drug solubility and controlled distribution, as well as their capacity for surface modifications for targeted, prolonged, and sustained release. Based on the composition, liposomes can be considered to have evolved from conventional, long-circulating, targeted, and immune-liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes. Many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically approved to treat several diseases, such as cancer, fungal and viral infections; more liposomes have reached advanced phases in clinical trials. This review describes liposomes structure, composition, preparation methods, and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Dima Khater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Usama Sayed
- Department of Biology, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.,Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fontananova E, Tocci E, Abu-Zurayk R, Grosso V, Meringolo C, Muzzi C, Al Bawab A, Qtaishat M, De Filpo G, Curcio E, Drioli E, Di Profio G. An environmental-friendly electrostatically driven method for preparing graphene oxide composite membranes with amazing stability in aqueous solutions. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Abdel-Rahem RA, Niaz S, Altwaiq AM, Esaifan M, AlShamaileh E, Al Bawab A. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide (DDAO) in single and mixed systems as corrosion inhibitors of zinc in hydrochloric acid. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2021-2417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of surfactant synergism between sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Oxide (DDAO) on zinc corrosion in 0.05 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions at 25 °C was investigated. Firstly, solutions of SDBS and DDAO with mole fractions of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 were prepared and their surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) values in water and in 0.05 M HCl were measured as a function of total surfactant concentration. The SDBS/DDAO mixed system exhibited a strong synergism in 0.05 M HCl with a highly negative interaction parameter β (average β = −23.46), according to regular solution theory. Secondly, the adsorption of single surfactants SDBS and DDAO and SDBS/DDAO surfactant mixture on 2.0% zinc powder was investigated by the depletion method to find out the role of synergism in the adsorption tendency of these surfactants on the zinc surface and thus their corrosion inhibiting effect. The adsorption tendency of single surfactant and the mixed surfactant systems onto 2.0% zinc powder followed the order: SDBS > 0.75 SDBS/0.25 DDAO ≈ 0.25 SDBS/0.75 DDAO > DDAO > 0.50 SDBS/0.50 DDAO. Finally, the corrosion of zinc was investigated using the potentiodynamic polarization technique. It was found that SDBS and DDAO act as efficient corrosion inhibitors for zinc in 0.05 M HCl solution with increasing corrosion inhibition efficiency when they are mixed. Additionally, images of scanning electron microscopy were obtained for zinc sheets in solutions containing single and mixed SDBS/DDAO surfactants in the presence and absence of 0.05 M HCl. The microscopic images show an improvement in the protection of the zinc surface against acid attack in the presence of single and mixed SDBS/DDAO surfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Abdel-Rahem
- Department of Chemistry , College of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra , Amman , 11196 , Jordan
| | - Sana Niaz
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science, The University of Jordan , Amman , 11942 , Jordan
| | - Abdelmnim M. Altwaiq
- Department of Chemistry , College of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra , Amman , 11196 , Jordan
| | - Muayad Esaifan
- Department of Chemistry , College of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra , Amman , 11196 , Jordan
| | - Ehab AlShamaileh
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science, The University of Jordan , Amman , 11942 , Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science, The University of Jordan , Amman , 11942 , Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Odeh F, Adaileh F, Alshaer W, Nsairat H, Alqudah DA, Jaber AM, Al Bawab A. Synthesis of Mono-Amino Substituted γ-CD: Host–Guest Complexation and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Investigation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051683. [PMID: 35268784 PMCID: PMC8911948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides which can trap hydrophobic molecules and improve their chemical, physical, and biological properties. γ-CD showed the highest aqueous solubility with the largest cavity diameter among other CD types. The current study describes a direct and easy method for nucleophilic mono-aminos to be substituted with γ-CD and tested for their ability to host the guest curcumin (CUR) as a hydrophobic drug model. The mass spectrometry and NMR analyses showed the successful synthesis of three amino-modified γ-CDs: mono-6-amino-6-deoxy-cyclodextrine (γ-CD-NH2), mono-6-deoxy-6-ethanolamine-γ-cyclodextrine (γ-CD-NHCH2CH2OH), and mono-6-deoxy-6-aminoethylamino)-γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD-NHCH2CH2NH2). These three amino-modified γ-CDs were proven to be able to host CUR as native γ-CDs with formation constants equal to 6.70 ± 1.02, 5.85 ± 0.80, and 8.98 ± 0.90 mM−1, respectively. Moreover, these amino-modified γ-CDs showed no significant toxicity against human dermal fibroblast cells. In conclusion, the current work describes a mono-substitution of amino-modified γ-CDs that can still host guests and showed low toxicity in human dermal fibroblasts cells. Therefore, the amino-modified γ-CDs can be used as a carrier host and be conjugated with a wide range of molecules for different biomedical applications, especially for active loading methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (F.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (F.O.); (W.A.); Tel.: +962-79-295-0409 (F.O.); +962-79-082-3678 (W.A.)
| | - Fedaa Adaileh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (F.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Correspondence: (F.O.); (W.A.); Tel.: +962-79-295-0409 (F.O.); +962-79-082-3678 (W.A.)
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; (H.N.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Dana A. Alqudah
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Areej M. Jaber
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; (H.N.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (F.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdel-Rahem RA, Niaz S, Altwaiq AM, Esaifan M, Al Bitar MB, Al Bawab A. Synergistic interaction between sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and N, N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide (DDAO) and their adsorption onto activated charcoal and Jordanian natural clay. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2021-2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Solutions of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide (DDAO) with mole fractions of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 were prepared and their surface tension was measured as a function of total surfactant concentration. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of these mixed solutions were also determined. The minimum area occupied by a surfactant molecule at air/water interface was calculated for single and binary surfactant mixtures. A pronounced synergistic interaction between SDBS and DDAO was detected. The surface tension and CMC-values of SDBS/DDAO mixtures are significantly lower than those of the single surfactant. The mixed system of SDBS/DDAO exhibits a highly negative interaction parameter (β = −10.6) according to regular solution model, and is found to fulfill the condition of Hua and Rosen, indicting a strong synergistic interaction between the two surfactants. The contact angle measurements show the wettability of the surfactant mixture onto polyethylene substrate is higher than of the respective single surfactant. In addition, the adsorption of SDBS and DDAO or their mixtures on 1.0% activated carbon and 5.0% Jordanian natural clay (JNC), respectively, was investigated using the depletion method. The individual surfactants were found to adsorb to a considerable extent on activated carbon, and a slightly higher adsorption tendency was even measured for mixed SDBS/DDAO surfactant systems. Although no SDBS molecules adsorbed on JNC, adsorption was observed for solutions containing DDAO and SDBS/DDAO surfactants. The improvement in wettability and adsorption of SDBS/DDAO surfactants at the air/water and solid/water interfaces is directly related to the synergistic interaction between the two surfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A. Abdel-Rahem
- Department of Chemistry , College of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra , Amman 11196 , Jordan
| | - Sana Niaz
- Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Abdelmnim M. Altwaiq
- Department of Chemistry , College of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra , Amman 11196 , Jordan
| | - Muayad Esaifan
- Department of Chemistry , College of Arts and Sciences, University of Petra , Amman 11196 , Jordan
| | - Mohammad Bassam Al Bitar
- Alfa Chemicals Manufacturing Est , King Abdullah II Industrial City – 8th Street , Amman 11118 Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry , College of Sciences, University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al Bawab A. When passion meets purpose: love for chemistry drives female Jordanian professor. PURE APPL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
What summons this writing today is shedding light on my lifetime merits (Dr. Abeer Al-Bawab) leading up to becoming the first Jordanian woman to receive the IUPAC award. “I would like to say that I am the first Arab, but an Egyptian Academic Prof woman beat me to it”. As an organization that has existed for 102 years and which oversees the discoveries of many chemical stories and research, including that of the Periodic Table and Avogadro numbers, IUPAC and its nominations are certainly not to be taken lightly. It is my honor to receive this award and be selected among a prestigious group of scientists to have received this award. It is my hope that this writing inspires other aspiring chemists and scientists. Finally, it is my hope that my story exemplifies that when you are equipped with a strong passion for science, no adversity can stand in the way of your success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al Bawab
- Chemistry , The University of Jordan School of Science , P.O BOX 13536, Queen Rania Street, Dahiat Al Raseed , 11942 Amman , Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Al Tbakhi B, Nsairat H, Alshaer W, Al-Kadash A, Helal W, Alrawashdeh L, Day A, Assaf KI, Hassouneh R, Odeh F, Al Bawab A. Cinnamaldehyde–cucurbituril complex: investigation of loading efficiency and its role in enhancing cinnamaldehyde in vitro anti-tumor activity. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7540-7549. [PMID: 35424684 PMCID: PMC8982175 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the physico-chemical properties of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and cinnamaldehyde (Cinn) inclusion complexes (CB[7]–Cinn) and their resulting antitumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Al Tbakhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Wissam Helal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Lubna Alrawashdeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P. O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Anthony Day
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Rola Hassouneh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abu-Dalo M, Abdelnabi J, Bawab AA. Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu 2O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14216636. [PMID: 34772163 PMCID: PMC8588196 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil production generates solid and liquid wastes that cause various environmental problems due to their high phenols and polyphenols load. Although many treatment methods were investigated to manage these wastes, more research is still needed to identify simple and cost-effective approaches. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from olive cake waste and functionalized with Cu/Cu2O/CuO for efficient and selective removal of phenolic content from olive mill wastewater (OMW). AC media were characterized by scanning electron/dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The optimum adsorption parameters were investigated, and the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics were determined. The adsorption of phenols onto copper oxide AC was best described by the Langmuir adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.9, 12.7, and 9.9 mg/g at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. The adsorption reaction was found to be spontaneous and endothermic where ∆H° and ∆G° were found to be 30.104 kJ/mol and -1.765, -2.839, and -3.723 (kJ/mol) at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. In addition, the kinetics data were perfectly fit by the pseudo-second-order model. The activated product derived from recyclable olive cake and enriched with inorganic functionality can offer a cost-effective treatment solution for OMW; thus, reducing both the liquid and solid waste generated from the olive mill industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abu-Dalo
- Chemistry Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
- Correspondence: (M.A.-D.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Jehad Abdelnabi
- Chemistry Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (M.A.-D.); (A.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nsairat H, Khater D, Odeh F, Al-Adaileh F, Al-Taher S, Jaber AM, Alshaer W, Al Bawab A, Mubarak MS. Lipid nanostructures for targeting brain cancer. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07994. [PMID: 34632135 PMCID: PMC8488847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in both material science and bionanotechnology are transforming the health care sector. To this end, nanoparticles are increasingly used to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Huge research is being carried out to improve the design, efficiency, and performance of these nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are also considered as a major area of research and development to meet the essential requirements for use in nanomedicine where safety, compatibility, biodegradability, biodistribution, stability, and effectiveness are requirements towards the desired application. In this regard, lipids have been used in pharmaceuticals and medical formulations for a long time. The present work focuses on the use of lipid nanostructures to combat brain tumors. In addition, this review summarizes the literature pertaining to solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (LNC), methods of preparation and characterization, developments achieved to overcome blood brain barrier (BBB), and modifications used to increase their effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Dima Khater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Fedaa Al-Adaileh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suma Al-Taher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Areej M. Jaber
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abbas HA, Nasr RA, Khalaf A, Al Bawab A, Jamil TS. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by fluorite type Fe 2Zr 2- xW xO 7 system under visible light irradiation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 196:110518. [PMID: 32224367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized Fe2Zr2-xWxO7 system was prepared using the Pacini method where x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15. All the samples were characterized using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance measurements (DRS) and surface area measurements. The undoped Fe2Zr2O7 was crystallised in the cubic fluorite phase as a major phase in addition to rhombohedral phase of Fe2O3 and monoclinic phase of ZrO2 as the minor phases. Meanwhile, single cubic fluorite phase was defined for Fe2Zr0.85W0.15O7 sample. The last has the lowest band gap (1.69 eV) and the highest surface area (106 m2/g). From TEM, the average particle size of the prepared samples was in the range of (3-7 nm). The photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared Fe2Zr2-xWxO7 system was manifested by the degradation of methylene blue and real textile wastewater of blue colour. Ascending degradation efficiency was exhibited with increasing tungsten concentration which is in accordance with their band gap as well as their surface area values. The degradation rate using Fe2Zr0.85W0.15O7 sample obeys the pseudo-first order kinetic at the optimum degradation conditions (1.5 g/L catalyst and pH11). Fe2Zr0.85W0.15O7 showed promising photocatalytic activity for real textile wastewater where the 69% COD removal was obtained under the same conditions used for methylene blue degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Abbas
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Behouth Street, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rabab A Nasr
- Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, El Behouth Street, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Khalaf
- Chemistry Department School of Science, The University of Jordan, Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, 11942, Amman, Jordan; Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Alhiyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Chemistry Department School of Science, The University of Jordan, Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, 11942, Amman, Jordan; Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Tarek S Jamil
- Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, El Behouth Street, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abbas HA, Nasr RA, Abu-Zurayk R, Al Bawab A, Jamil TS. Decolourization of crystal violet using nano-sized novel fluorite structure Ga 2Zr 2-x W x O 7 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:191632. [PMID: 32269795 PMCID: PMC7137949 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorite-type Zr-based oxides with the composition Ga2Zr2-x W x O7 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) were prepared using the citrate technique. Appropriate characterizations of all prepared materials were carried out. X-ray diffraction clarified that the undoped and W-doped Ga2Zr2O7 samples were crystallized in the cubic fluorite phase structure. The average particle size of the samples was in the range of 3-8 nm. The lowest band gap (1.7 eV) and the highest surface area (124.3 m2 g-1) were recorded for Ga2Zr0.85W0.15O7. The photocatalytic impacts of the prepared systems were studied by removal of crystal violet (CV) dye employing visible light illumination and taking into consideration the initial dye concentrations, duration of visible irradiation treatment, catalysts dose and the dopant concentration. The obtained results showed higher dye removal with the boost of the catalyst dosage. W doping shifted the absorption to the visible light range by decreasing the band gap from 4.95 eV for parent Ga2Zr2O7 to 1.7 eV for 15 mol% tungsten-doped Ga2Zr2O7 enhancing the photocatalytic decolourization of CV from 4.2% to 83.6% for undoped and 15 mol% W-doped Ga2Zr2O7, respectively, at optimum operating conditions (pH 9, 1 g l-1 catalyst dose and 300 min) while heavily doped W sample containing 20 mol% W showed lower removal than 15 mol% W-doped Ga2Zr2O7. Complete CV degradation using 15 mol% W-doped Ga2Zr2O7 was attained with the assistance of 25 mmol l-1 hydrogen peroxide. The reaction is aligned to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Different scavengers were introduced to decide the significance of the reactive species in CV degradation. O 2 - ∙ and h + had the major role in the degradation of CV by Ga2Zr2-x W x O7 system compared with HO•.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Abbas
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, El Behouth Street, PO Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab A. Nasr
- Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, El Behouth Street, PO Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rund Abu-Zurayk
- Chemistry Department School of Science, The University of Jordan, Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Chemistry Department School of Science, The University of Jordan, Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, 11942, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tarek S. Jamil
- Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, El Behouth Street, PO Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nsairat H, Mahmoud IS, Odeh F, Abuarqoub D, Al-Azzawi H, Zaza R, Qadri MI, Ismail S, Al Bawab A, Awidi A, Alshaer W. Grafting of anti-nucleolin aptamer into preformed and remotely loaded liposomes through aptamer-cholesterol post-insertion. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36219-36229. [PMID: 35517091 PMCID: PMC9056972 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new combination strategy of an active loading and active targeting approach was applied in this work. The liposomes actively loaded with Curcumin (CRM) (LipCRM) were decorated with cholesterol tagged-anti-nucleolin AS1411 aptamer (NCL) via a new post-insertion approach, utilizing the cholesterol as a wedge to incorporate aptamer into the surface of the liposome bilayer. A successful NCL post-insertion was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cellular uptake of AptNCL-Lip was investigated using flow cytometry and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) on two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The uptake and cytotoxicity of loaded CRM were investigated using flow cytometry and MTT assay. Our results showed successful post insertion of NCL aptamer to the surface of Lip. Also, higher cellular uptake was noted for AptNCL-Alexa-LipRhod compared to blank LipRhod in both cell lines. Moreover, CLSM showed prominent endocytosis and uptake of AptNCL-Alexa–LipRhod into the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the results showed a significant increase in the uptake and cytotoxicity of AptNCL-LipCRM compared to LipCRM in both cell lines. Overall, our results demonstrate a successful post-insertion of cholesterol-tagged aptamer into liposomes and the possible combination between active loading and active targeting. A new combination strategy of an active loading and active targeting approach was applied in this work.![]()
Collapse
|
16
|
Odeh F, Nsairat H, Alshaer W, Ismail MA, Esawi E, Qaqish B, Bawab AA, Ismail SI. Aptamers Chemistry: Chemical Modifications and Conjugation Strategies. Molecules 2019; 25:E3. [PMID: 31861277 PMCID: PMC6982925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soon after they were first described in 1990, aptamers were largely recognized as a new class of biological ligands that can rival antibodies in various analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. Aptamers are short single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides capable of folding into complex 3D structures, enabling them to bind to a large variety of targets ranging from small ions to an entire organism. Their high binding specificity and affinity make them comparable to antibodies, but they are superior regarding a longer shelf life, simple production and chemical modification, in addition to low toxicity and immunogenicity. In the past three decades, aptamers have been used in a plethora of therapeutics and drug delivery systems that involve innovative delivery mechanisms and carrying various types of drug cargos. However, the successful translation of aptamer research from bench to bedside has been challenged by several limitations that slow down the realization of promising aptamer applications as therapeutics at the clinical level. The main limitations include the susceptibility to degradation by nucleases, fast renal clearance, low thermal stability, and the limited functional group diversity. The solution to overcome such limitations lies in the chemistry of aptamers. The current review will focus on the recent arts of aptamer chemistry that have been evolved to refine the pharmacological properties of aptamers. Moreover, this review will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of such chemical modifications and how they impact the pharmacological properties of aptamers. Finally, this review will summarize the conjugation strategies of aptamers to nanocarriers for developing targeted drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Odeh
- Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (F.O.); (H.N.); (A.A.B.)
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (F.O.); (H.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.A.I.); (E.E.); (B.Q.); (S.I.I.)
| | - Ezaldeen Esawi
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.A.I.); (E.E.); (B.Q.); (S.I.I.)
| | - Baraa Qaqish
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.A.I.); (E.E.); (B.Q.); (S.I.I.)
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (F.O.); (H.N.); (A.A.B.)
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Said I. Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.A.I.); (E.E.); (B.Q.); (S.I.I.)
- Qatar Genome Project, Qatar Foundation, Doha 5825, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Odeh F, Nsairat H, Alshaer W, Alsotari S, Buqaien R, Ismail S, Awidi A, Al Bawab A. Remote loading of curcumin-in-modified β-cyclodextrins into liposomes using a transmembrane pH gradient. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37148-37161. [PMID: 35542296 PMCID: PMC9075600 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study provides a novel remote loading approach utilizing chemically modified cyclodextrins to incorporate hydrophobic drugs into liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Jordan
- Amman 11942
- Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Jordan
- Amman 11942
- Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center
- The University of Jordan
- Amman 11942
- Jordan
| | - Shrouq Alsotari
- Cell Therapy Center
- The University of Jordan
- Amman 11942
- Jordan
| | - Rula Buqaien
- Cell Therapy Center
- The University of Jordan
- Amman 11942
- Jordan
| | - Said Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Jordan
- Amman
- Jordan
- Qatar Genome Project
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center
- The University of Jordan
- Amman 11942
- Jordan
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Jordan
- Amman 11942
- Jordan
- HMCSR
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alshaer W, Ababneh NA, Hatmal M, Izmirli H, Choukeife M, Shraim A, Sharar N, Abu-Shiekah A, Odeh F, Al Bawab A, Awidi A, Ismail S. Correction: Selection and targeting of EpCAM protein by ssDNA aptamer. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538434 PMCID: PMC5851641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
19
|
Alshaer W, Ababneh N, Hatmal M, Izmirli H, Choukeife M, Shraim A, Sharar N, Abu-Shiekah A, Odeh F, Al Bawab A, Awidi A, Ismail S. Selection and targeting of EpCAM protein by ssDNA aptamer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189558. [PMID: 29245156 PMCID: PMC5731996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are molecules that reveal highly complex and refined molecular recognition properties. These molecules are capable of binding with high affinity and selectivity to targets, ranging from small molecules to whole living cells. Several aptamers have been selected for targeting cellular proteins and they have also used in developing therapeutics and diagnostic strategies. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is considered as a cancer stem cell (CSC) biomarker and one of the most promising targets for aptamer selection against CSCs. In this study, we have developed a ssDNA aptamer with high affinity and selectivity of targeting the EpCAM protein extracellular domain. The SELEX technique was applied and the resulted sequences were tested on EpCAM-positive human gastric cancer cell line, KATO III, and the EpCAM-negative mouse embryonic fibroblast, NIH/3T3 cells. Ep1 aptamer was successfully isolated and showed selective binding on EpCAM-positive KATO III cells when compared to EpCAM-negative NIH/3T3 cells, as observed by the flow cytometry and the confocal imaging results. Additionally, the binding of Ep1 to EpCAM protein was assessed using mobility shifting assay and aptamers-protein docking. Furthermore, the binding affinity of Ep1 was measured against EpCAM protein using EpCAM-immobilized on magnetic beads and showed apparent affinity of 118 nM. The results of this study could suggest that Ep1 aptamer can bind specifically to the cellular EpCAM protein, making it an attractive ligand for targeted drug delivery and as an imaging agent for the identification of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amma, Jordan
- * E-mail: (WA); (AA)
| | - Nida Ababneh
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amma, Jordan
| | - Mamon Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Heba Izmirli
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amma, Jordan
| | - Moujab Choukeife
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amma, Jordan
| | - Alaa Shraim
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amma, Jordan
| | - Nour Sharar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aya Abu-Shiekah
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- HMCSR, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- * E-mail: (WA); (AA)
| | - Said Ismail
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amma, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Odeh F, Ismail SI, Abu-Dahab R, Mahmoud IS, Al Bawab A. Thymoquinone in liposomes: a study of loading efficiency and biological activity towards breast cancer. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:371-7. [PMID: 23043626 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.727500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is a herbal-derived drug with potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity. However, thymoquinone suffers from high hydrophobicity causing poor solubility which limits its bioavailability and high lipophilicity causing poor formulation characteristics. Liposomes are versatile drug carriers that can be used to solve problems of drug solubility, instability, and bio-distribution. In this study, we were able to prepare thymoquinone-loaded liposomes (TQ-LP) and thymoquinone loaded in liposomes modified with Triton X-100 (XLP) with diameters of about 100 nm, and entrapment efficiency of more than 90% for TQ-LP and of 49.6% for XLP. The TQ-LP liposomes were effective in suppressing the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D, and at the same time exerting very low toxicity on normal periodontal ligament fibroblast. Altogether, this report describes the first successful encapsulation of thymoquinone into liposome; which maintains stability, improves bioavailability and maintains its anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Al Bawab A, Friberg SE, Bergamaschi MM, Santos ODH. Some non-equilibrium phenomena in the malic acid/water/Polysorbate 81 system. Int J Pharm 2006; 332:140-6. [PMID: 17071029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2006] [Revised: 09/10/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Topical formulations undergo radical structural changes after application and the action on the skin is not directly related to the original structure of the formulation. This fact has been well established in the scientific literature. However, and more essential, is the fact that these changes in the formulation structure are not equilibrium ones. Especially so, with the hydroxy acids, which are widely used in cosmetic and dermatological treatment of skin. The article reports the first investigation into the non-equilibrium conditions in a hydroxy acid system. Different phases in the title system, which were not in mutual equilibrium, were brought in contact while avoiding convection. The transfer of substance between them was estimated from the changes in volume of each phase. The results showed, unexpectedly, that the systems were far from equilibrium even after prolonged times in contact. The kinetics of the changes varied to significant degree, from extremely slow, when solid phases were involved to fast for liquid phases. In one case was observed a separated layer, which was not found in the phase diagram under equilibrium conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al Bawab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, P.O. Box 13536, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The colloidal structures of beta carboxylic acid topical vesicle formulations were determined and the changes during evaporation after applications were estimated from phase diagrams. The results showed significant difference during evaporation between salicylic acid on one hand and three water soluble acids; malic, tartaric, and citric acid, on the other. The water soluble acids showed an increase in the acid concentration in the aqueous solution to levels that must be considered harmful, while salicylic acid showed no increase in concentration in the individual phases even after 99% evaporation of water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stig E Friberg
- Chemistry Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22911, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|