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Kalmbach A, Winiger V, Jeong N, Asok A, Gallistel CR, Balsam PD, Simpson EH. Dopamine encodes real-time reward availability and transitions between reward availability states on different timescales. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3805. [PMID: 35778414 PMCID: PMC9249893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal behavior requires interpreting environmental cues that indicate when to perform actions. Dopamine is important for learning about reward-predicting events, but its role in adapting to inhibitory cues is unclear. Here we show that when mice can earn rewards in the absence but not presence of an auditory cue, dopamine level in the ventral striatum accurately reflects reward availability in real-time over a sustained period (80 s). In addition, unpredictable transitions between different states of reward availability are accompanied by rapid (~1-2 s) dopamine transients that deflect negatively at the onset and positively at the offset of the cue. This Dopamine encoding of reward availability and transitions between reward availability states is not dependent on reward or activity evoked dopamine release, appears before mice learn the task and is sensitive to motivational state. Our findings are consistent across different techniques including electrochemical recordings and fiber photometry with genetically encoded optical sensors for calcium and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Kalmbach
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nuri Jeong
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arun Asok
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles R Gallistel
- Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peter D Balsam
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eleanor H Simpson
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Beeler JA, Mourra D, Zanca RM, Kalmbach A, Gellman C, Klein BY, Ravenelle R, Serrano P, Moore H, Rayport S, Mingote S, Burghardt NS. Vulnerable and Resilient Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Anorexia Nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:829-842. [PMID: 32950210 PMCID: PMC7855473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical activity is a common feature of anorexia nervosa (AN). Although high activity levels are associated with greater risk of developing AN, particularly when combined with dieting, most individuals who diet and exercise maintain a healthy body weight. It is unclear why some individuals develop AN while most do not. A rodent model of resilience and vulnerability to AN would be valuable to research. Dopamine, which is believed to play a crucial role in AN, regulates both reward and activity and may modulate vulnerability. METHODS Adolescent and young adult female C57BL/6N mice were tested in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model, with an extended period of food restriction in adult mice. ABA was also tested in dopamine transporter knockdown mice and wild-type littermates. Mice that adapted to conditions and maintained a stable body weight were characterized as resilient. RESULTS In adults, vulnerable and resilient phenotypes emerged in both the ABA and food-restricted mice without wheels. Vulnerable mice exhibited a pronounced increase in running throughout the light cycle, which dramatically peaked prior to requiring removal from the experiment. Resilient mice exhibited an adaptive decrease in total running, appropriate food anticipatory activity, and increased consumption, thereby achieving stable body weight. Hyperdopaminergia accelerated progression of the vulnerable phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our demonstration of distinct resilient and vulnerable phenotypes in mouse ABA significantly advances the utility of the model for identifying genes and neural substrates mediating AN risk and resilience. Modulation of dopamine may play a central role in the underlying circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff A. Beeler
- Dept. of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, CUNY, Flushing, NY, 11367 USA
| | - Devry Mourra
- Dept. of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, CUNY, Flushing, NY, 11367 USA
| | - Roseanna M. Zanca
- Dept. of Psychology, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, 10065 USA
| | - Abigail Kalmbach
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA
| | - Celia Gellman
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA,Dept. of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Benjamin Y. Klein
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA,Dept. of Developmental Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10031 USA,Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Peter Serrano
- Dept. of Psychology, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, 10065 USA
| | - Holly Moore
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA,Dept. of Systems Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 USA,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA,Dept. of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Susana Mingote
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA,Dept. of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032 USA,Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA
| | - Nesha S. Burghardt
- Dept. of Psychology, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, 10065 USA,Dept. of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032 USA
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Kalmbach A, Chun E, Taylor K, Gallistel CR, Balsam PD. Time-scale-invariant information-theoretic contingencies in discrimination learning. J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn 2019; 45:280-289. [PMID: 31021132 PMCID: PMC7771212 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Animals optimize their behavior to maximize rewards by utilizing cues from the environment. In discrimination learning, cues signal when rewards can and cannot be earned by making a particular response. In our experiment, we trained male mice to press a lever to receive a reward on a random interval schedule. We then introduced a prolonged tone (20, 40, or 80 sec), during which no rewards could be earned. We sought to test our hypothesis that the duration of the tone and frequency of reward during the inter-tone-intervals affect the informativeness of cues and led to differences in discriminative behavior. Learning was expressed as an increase in lever pressing during the intertrial interval (ITI) and, when the informativeness of the cue was high, animals also reduced their lever pressing during the tone. Additionally, we found that the depth of discriminative learning was linearly related to the informativeness of the cues. Our results show that the time-scale invariant information-theoretic definition of contingency applied to excitatory conditioning can also be applied to inhibitory conditioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Chuhma N, Mingote S, Yetnikoff L, Kalmbach A, Ma T, Ztaou S, Sienna AC, Tepler S, Poulin JF, Ansorge M, Awatramani R, Kang UJ, Rayport S. Dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission evokes a delayed excitation in lateral dorsal striatal cholinergic interneurons. eLife 2018; 7:39786. [PMID: 30295607 PMCID: PMC6175576 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons have different synaptic actions in the ventral and dorsal striatum (dStr), but whether this heterogeneity extends to dStr subregions has not been addressed. We have found that optogenetic activation of dStr dopamine neuron terminals in mouse brain slices pauses the firing of cholinergic interneurons in both the medial and lateral subregions, while in the lateral subregion the pause is shorter due to a subsequent excitation. This excitation is mediated mainly by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and partially by dopamine D1-like receptors coupled to transient receptor potential channel 3 and 7. DA neurons do not signal to spiny projection neurons in the medial dStr, while they elicit ionotropic glutamate responses in the lateral dStr. The DA neurons mediating these excitatory signals are in the substantia nigra (SN). Thus, SN dopamine neurons engage different receptors in different postsynaptic neurons in different dStr subregions to convey strikingly different signals. Editorial note This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see decision letter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Chuhma
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Leora Yetnikoff
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, New York, United States.,CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, United States
| | - Abigail Kalmbach
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Thong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Samira Ztaou
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Anna-Claire Sienna
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Sophia Tepler
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | | | - Mark Ansorge
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
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Mingote S, Chuhma N, Kalmbach A, Thomsen GM, Wang Y, Mihali A, Sferrazza C, Zucker-Scharff I, Siena AC, Welch MG, Lizardi-Ortiz J, Sulzer D, Moore H, Gaisler-Salomon I, Rayport S. Dopamine neuron dependent behaviors mediated by glutamate cotransmission. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28703706 PMCID: PMC5599237 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area use glutamate as a cotransmitter. To elucidate the behavioral role of the cotransmission, we targeted the glutamate-recycling enzyme glutaminase (gene Gls1). In mice with a dopamine transporter (Slc6a3)-driven conditional heterozygous (cHET) reduction of Gls1 in their dopamine neurons, dopamine neuron survival and transmission were unaffected, while glutamate cotransmission at phasic firing frequencies was reduced, enabling a selective focus on the cotransmission. The mice showed normal emotional and motor behaviors, and an unaffected response to acute amphetamine. Strikingly, amphetamine sensitization was reduced and latent inhibition potentiated. These behavioral effects, also seen in global GLS1 HETs with a schizophrenia resilience phenotype, were not seen in mice with an Emx1-driven forebrain reduction affecting most brain glutamatergic neurons. Thus, a reduction in dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission appears to mediate significant components of the GLS1 HET schizophrenia resilience phenotype, and glutamate cotransmission appears to be important in attribution of motivational salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Abigail Kalmbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - Yvonne Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Andra Mihali
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | | | | | - Anna-Claire Siena
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Martha G Welch
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Holly Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Integrative Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
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Chuhma N, Mingote S, Kalmbach A, Yetnikoff L, Rayport S. Heterogeneity in Dopamine Neuron Synaptic Actions Across the Striatum and Its Relevance for Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:43-51. [PMID: 27692238 PMCID: PMC5121049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain imaging has revealed alterations in dopamine uptake, release, and receptor levels in patients with schizophrenia that have been resolved on the scale of striatal subregions. However, the underlying synaptic mechanisms are on a finer scale. Dopamine neuron synaptic actions vary across the striatum, involving variations not only in dopamine release but also in dopamine neuron connectivity, cotransmission, modulation, and activity. Optogenetic studies have revealed that dopamine neurons release dopamine in a synaptic signal mode, and that the neurons also release glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid as cotransmitters, with striking regional variation. Fast glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid cotransmission convey discrete patterns of dopamine neuron activity to striatal neurons. Glutamate may function not only in a signaling role at a subset of dopamine neuron synapses, but also in mediating vesicular synergy, contributing to regional differences in loading of dopamine into synaptic vesicles. Regional differences in dopamine neuron signaling are likely to be differentially involved in the schizophrenia disease process and likely determine the subregional specificity of the action of psychostimulants that exacerbate the disorder, and antipsychotics that ameliorate the disorder. Elucidating dopamine neuron synaptic signaling offers the potential for achieving greater pharmacological specificity through intersectional pharmacological actions targeting subsets of dopamine neuron synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Chuhma
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Susana Mingote
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Abigail Kalmbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Leora Yetnikoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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Kalmbach A, Waters J. Modulation of high- and low-frequency components of the cortical local field potential via nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in anesthetized mice. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:258-72. [PMID: 24155009 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00244.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of acetylcholine (ACh) in neocortex is important for learning, memory and attention tasks. The primary source of ACh in neocortex is axons ascending from the basal forebrain. Release of ACh from these axons evokes changes in the cortical local field potential (LFP), including a decline in low-frequency spectral power that is often referred to as desynchronization of the LFP and is thought to result from the activation of muscarinic ACh receptors. Using channelrhodopsin-2, we selectively stimulated the axons of only cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in primary somatosensory cortex of the urethane-anesthetized mouse while monitoring the LFP. Cholinergic stimulation caused desynchronization and two brief increases in higher-frequency power at stimulus onset and offset. Desynchronization (1-6 Hz) was localized, extending ≤ 1 mm from the edge of stimulation, and consisted of both nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-mediated components that were inhibited by mecamylamine and atropine, respectively. Hence we have identified a nicotinic receptor-mediated component to desynchronization. The increase in higher-frequency power (>10 Hz) at stimulus onset was also mediated by activation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. However, the increase in higher-frequency power (10-20 Hz) at stimulus offset was evoked by activation of muscarinic receptors and inhibited by activation of nicotinic receptors. We conclude that the activation of nicotinic and muscarinic ACh receptors in neocortex exerts several effects that are reflected in distinct frequency bands of the cortical LFP in urethane-anesthetized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Kalmbach
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Abstract
Acetylcholine profoundly affects neocortical function, being involved in arousal, attention, learning, memory, sensory and motor function, and plasticity. The majority of cholinergic afferents to neocortex are from neurons in nucleus basalis. Nucleus basalis also contains projecting neurons that release other transmitters, including GABA and possibly glutamate. Hence, electrical stimulation of nucleus basalis evokes the release of a mixture of neurotransmitters in neocortex, and this lack of selectivity has impeded research on cholinergic signaling in neocortex. We describe a method for the selective stimulation of cholinergic axons in neocortex. We used the Cre-lox system and a viral vector to express the light-activated protein channelrhodopsin-2 in cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis and their axons in neocortex. Labeled neurons depolarized on illumination with blue light but were otherwise unchanged. In anesthetized mice, illumination of neocortex desynchronized the local field potential, indicating that light evoked release of ACh. This novel technique will enable many new studies of the cellular, network, and behavioral physiology of ACh in neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Kalmbach
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Univ., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Kalmbach A, Kullmann PHM, Kandler K. NMDAR-Mediated Calcium Transients Elicited by Glutamate Co-Release at Developing Inhibitory Synapses. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2010; 2:27. [PMID: 21423513 PMCID: PMC3059663 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2010.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Before hearing onset, the topographic organization of the inhibitory sound localization pathway from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) to the lateral superior olive (LSO) is refined by means of synaptic silencing and strengthening. During this refinement period MNTB-LSO synapses not only release GABA and glycine but also release glutamate. This co-released glutamate can elicit postsynaptic currents that are predominantly mediated by NMDA receptors (NMDARs). To gain a better understanding of how glutamate contributes to synaptic signaling at developing MNTB-LSO inhibitory synapses, we investigated to what degree and under what conditions NMDARs contribute to postsynaptic calcium responses. Our results demonstrate that MNTB-LSO synapses can elicit compartmentalized calcium responses along aspiny LSO dendrites. These responses are significantly attenuated by the NMDAR antagonist APV. APV, however, had no effect on somatically recorded electrical postsynaptic responses, indicating little, if any, contribution of NMDARs to spike generation. NMDAR-mediated calcium responses were decreased when increasing extracellular magnesium concentrations to physiological levels indicating that MNTB-LSO synapses activate magnesium sensitive NMDAR on immature LSO dendrites. In Fura-2 AM loaded neurons, blocking GABAA and glycine receptors increased NMDAR contribution to somatic calcium responses suggesting that GABA and glycine, perhaps by shunting backpropagating action potentials, decrease the level of NMDAR activation under strong stimulus conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Kalmbach
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Öncül A, Kalmbach A, Genzel Y, Reichl U, Thévenin D. Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchung der Fließbedingungen in Wave-Bioreaktoren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200950096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ene FA, Kalmbach A, Kandler K. Metabotropic glutamate receptors in the lateral superior olive activate TRP-like channels: age- and experience-dependent regulation. J Neurophysiol 2007; 97:3365-75. [PMID: 17376850 PMCID: PMC2322859 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00686.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral superior olive (LSO) is the primary auditory nucleus for processing of interaural sound level differences, which is one of the major cues for sound localization. During development, survival and maturation of LSO neurons critically depend on synaptic activity and intracellular calcium signaling. Before hearing onset, glutamatergic synaptic inputs from the cochlear nucleus (CN) to the LSO activate group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which leads to calcium release from intracellular stores and large calcium influx from the extracellular milieu. Here, we investigated the nature of the mGluR-activated membrane channel that mediates the influx of extracellular calcium. Using Fura-2 calcium imaging in brain stem slices of neonatal and juvenile mice, we found that this calcium channel is blocked by Ni(2+), La(3+), and 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB), known antagonists of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. During postnatal development, the contribution of extracellular calcium influx to mGluR-mediated Ca(2+) responses gradually decreased and was almost abolished by the end of the third postnatal week. Over this period, the contribution of Ca(2+) release from internal stores remained unchanged. The developmental decrease of TRP-like channel-mediated calcium influx was significantly less in congenitally deaf waltzer mice, suggesting that early auditory experience is necessary for the normal age-dependent downregulation of functional TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aura Ene
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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