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Udayakumar AM, Fawaz N, Pathare A, Asraf S, Al-Huneini M, Al-Farsi K, Al-Kindi S, Al-Khabouri M. First Cytogenetic Profile of Omani Patients with de novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Comparison with data from Asia, Africa, Europe and North and South America. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2017; 17:e286-e292. [PMID: 29062550 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2017.17.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported among 30-80% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); however, 20-70% of patients with MDS show a normal karyotype that may nevertheless harbour a cryptic genetic alteration. Earlier reports have suggested that the distribution of specific chromosomal aberrations varies among Western and Asian countries, with geographical and ethnic differences in the frequency of specific chromosomal aberrations. This article compared the cytogenetic data of 36 adult Omani patients with MDS to previously reported data from other populations. Differences were noted between the percentages of clonal aberrations and the median age of Omani subjects at presentation in comparison to individuals of different ethnicities and from various geographical locations. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe the cytogenetic data of patients with MDS from Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achandira M Udayakumar
- Departments of Genetics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Department of Malignancy Cytogenetics & Molecular Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Nagla Fawaz
- Departments of Genetics Haematology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Anil Pathare
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shakila Asraf
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Khalil Al-Farsi
- Department of Haematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salam Al-Kindi
- Departments of Genetics Haematology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Abstract
Trisomy 8 mosaicism (Warkany syndrome) is a rare viable condition with variable phenotypes, ranging from mild dysmorphic features to severe malformations. Karyotyping and fluorescence in-situ hybridization potentially help detecting this low mosaic clone to confirm the diagnosis of patients with classical and unusual clinical presentations. This report reviews few previous cases to describe our case - a boy who had trisomy 8 mosaicism with severe dysmorphic features, born to a consanguineous Arabic couple. This study concludes that careful cytogenetic diagnoses of trisomy 8 mosaicism is essential for appropriate management and follow up of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achandira M Udayakumar
- Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Adila Al-Kindy
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Udayakumar AM, Al-Bahri M, Burney IA, Al-Haddabi I. Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma: Cytogenetics and pathological findings. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2015; 15:e411-4. [PMID: 26355964 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2015.15.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm with a non-specific and insidious presentation further complicated by the difficult diagnostic and therapeutic assessment. It has a low to intermediate risk of recurrence and metastasis. Unlike other soft tissue sarcomas or histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms, cytogenetic studies are very limited in FDCS cases. Although no specific chromosomal marker has yet been established, complex aberrations and different ploidy types have been documented. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman with FDCS who presented to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman, in February 2013. Ultrastructural, immunophenotypical and histological findings are reported. In addition, karyotypic findings showed deletions of the chromosomes 1p, 3q, 6q, 7q, 8q and 11q. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these have not been reported previously in this tumour. Techniques such as spectral karyotyping may help to better characterise chromosomal abnormalities in this type of tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiya Al-Bahri
- Departments of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ikram A Burney
- Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Haddabi
- Departments of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Udayakumar AM, Al-Mamari W, Al-Sayegh A, Al-Kindy A. De Novo Duplication of 7p21.1p22.2 in a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Craniofacial Dysmorphism. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2015; 15:e415-9. [DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2015.15.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Udayakumar AM, Surekhatony M, Wali YA. Myelodysplasia progressing to acute myeloid leukemia in monozygotic twins with monosomy 7 as sole abnormality. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2672-4. [PMID: 24598016 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.900764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achandira M Udayakumar
- Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
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Udayakumar AM, Al-Kindy A. A rare case of de novo mosaicism: Deletion 18p and isochromosome 18q syndrome. J Pediatr Genet 2013; 2:141-146. [PMID: 27625852 PMCID: PMC5020969 DOI: 10.3233/pge-13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monosomy 18p syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder with varying phenotypic and clinical manifestations. Dysmorphism, growth delay, delayed speech and mental retardation are a few of the commonest features observed. The cytogenetic findings also vary and may comprise a pure deletion of the entire 18p arm or a deletion of a part of the 18p arm, if involved in a translocation with other chromosomes. Monosomy 18p may either occur by itself or with a structural alteration of the remaining chromosome 18, as a ring or as an isochromosome. The clinical presentation of this syndrome often overlaps with other syndromes. Establishing a cytogenetic diagnosis and understanding the location of the breakpoints is crucial for precise management and follow-up. We present here a rare case with mosaicism for a de novo deletion of 18p with isochromosome 18q in a boy born to a consanguineous Omani couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achandira M. Udayakumar
- Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate Oman
| | - Adila Al-Kindy
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate Oman
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Udayakumar AM, Pathare AV, Alkindi S, Raeburn JA. Biphenotypic leukemia with interstitial del(9)(q22q32) as a sole abnormality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:170-2. [PMID: 17954277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Udayakumar AM, Pathare AV, Muralitharan S, Alghzaly AA, Alkindi S, Raeburn JA. Trisomy 21 as a sole acquired abnormality in an adult Omani patient with CD7- and CD9-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Arch Med Res 2007; 38:797-802. [PMID: 17845902 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which trisomy 21 was the sole acquired cytogenetic abnormality. The immunophenotype showed positivity for CD7 and CD9 along with CD13, CD33, and CD34. The chromosomal analysis of bone marrow showed 47,XY +21 in all the metaphases analyzed. The constitutional karyotype was normal. The patient was an adult and did not have any features of Down's syndrome. The bone marrow morphology was AML-M2 as per the French-American-British (FAB) criteria. A final diagnosis of CD7- and CD9-positive AML-M2 was established with trisomy 21 as a sole cytogenetic abnormality. The patient responded remarkably well to chemotherapy and achieved complete clinical remission. This is the first case of CD7- and CD9-positive AML with trisomy 21 as a sole abnormality. A putative role for the co-expression of abnormal lymphoid markers in achieving quick remission is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, CD7
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Daunorubicin/administration & dosage
- Down Syndrome/complications
- Down Syndrome/diagnosis
- Down Syndrome/genetics
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Remission Induction
- Tetraspanin 29
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Achandira M Udayakumar
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman.
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Udayakumar AM, Sundareshan TS, Mukherjee G, Biswas S, Rajan KR, Prabhakaran PS. Submandibular synovial sarcoma with t(X;18) and synovial sarcoma of the toe with additional cytogenetic abnormalities: presentation of two cases and review of the literature. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2002; 134:151-5. [PMID: 12034530 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report cytogenetic findings from fine-needle aspiration samples of two synovial sarcoma patients. The cases are of interest because (1) one case is of a rare site (submandibular region) of the head and neck, and (2) the other is a patient with synovial sarcoma of the toe showing additional cytogenetic abnormalities along with t(X;18). The literature of this tumor is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udayakumar
- Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, 560 029, Bangalore, India.
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Udayakumar AM, Sundareshan TS, Appaji L, Biswas S, Mukherjee G. Rhabdomyosarcoma: cytogenetics of five cases using fine-needle aspiration samples and review of the literature. Ann Genet 2002; 45:33-7. [PMID: 11934388 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3995(02)01103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analyses of fine-needle aspiration samples were performed on five cases of which three were alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), one was embryonal RMS and one was RMS of mixed alveolar and embryonal histology. Three cases of alveolar RMS and one case of embryonal RMS showed t(2;13). A del(1)(p11) in a mixed alveolar and embryonal RMS was observed without the presence of t(2;13). add(17)(q25) was present in one of the alveolar RMS along with a t(2;13). Modal number of chromosome in the five cases ranged from hyperdiploid to hypertetraploid. Clinical, cytological, histopathological and cytogenetic findings are correlated. The role of additional abnormalities is discussed with a review of appropriate literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udayakumar
- Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India.
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Udayakumar AM, Sundareshan TS, Goud TM, Biswas S, Devi MG, Kumari BS, Appaji L. Cytogenetics of neuroblastoma: a study using fine needle aspiration cultures. Annales de Génétique 2001; 44:161-6. [PMID: 11694230 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3995(01)01082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is associated with chromosomal aberrations of 1p and 1q in a majority of cases. Some nonrandom secondary changes were observed in this study. The role of these changes in the development and progression of neuroblastoma is examined. Chromosomal analysis was performed on 33 children with neuroblastoma using fine needle aspiration cultures. Metaphases were observed in 57.5% of cases. 86.6% showed the involvement of chromosome 1. Double minutes and unidentifiable markers was also observed. The most frequent secondary changes included add(4)(q35), add(11)(p13), add(14)(q32), add(16)(q12). add(17)(p13), add(19)(q12) and add(21)(q22). Minority of cases showed deletions and translocations. Ploidy pattern ranged from diploid to hypotetraploid. The present study substantiates aberration of chromosome 1 in the form of deletions, additions, duplications and iso-chromosome with some notable secondary abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udayakumar
- Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, 560 029, Bangalore, India
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Udayakumar AM, Sundareshan TS, Goud TM, Devi MG, Biswas S, Appaji L, Arunakumari BS, Rajan KR, Prabhakaran PS. Cytogenetic characterization of Ewing tumors using fine needle aspiration samples. a 10-year experience and review of the literature. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2001; 127:42-8. [PMID: 11408064 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal analysis was performed in fine needle aspiration samples of 98 primary Ewing tumors (ETs) prior to treatment. Among the 58 (59.18%) successful cultures, t(11;22)(q24;q12) was observed in 87.9% and 6.8% had abnormalities other than t(11;22), viz., del(22)(q12), der(16)t(1;16)(q12;q11), and variant t(8;22)(q24;q12). Involvement of breakpoints 1q21, 1q22, 3p14, 16q22, and 17p13 was also observed. Numerical abnormalities such as trisomies 8 and 12 were found in 29.3% and 20.6% and trisomy 18 in 17.2%. An attempt was made to evaluate the role of these additional changes in the process of tumor development, metastasis, and progression of the disease. This is the largest cytogenetic study on ET from a single center using a simple and reliable technique of fine-needle aspiration culture. The literature on cytogenetics of ET is reviewed.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Biopsy, Needle
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations/genetics
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, 1-3/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, 16-18/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Cytogenetics
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udayakumar
- Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560-029, India.
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Udayakumar AM, Bhargava MK. Persistence of chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes 11 years after cessation of CMF therapy in a breast cancer patient. Cancer Lett 1996; 107:1-3. [PMID: 8913259 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(96)04313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal aberrations were examined in a breast cancer patient 11 years after cessation of cyclophosphamide methotraxate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) therapy. This indicates that they may well be derived from a population of genetically damaged progenitor cells, from which abnormal and possibly malignant cell clones may have been generated, and a fraction of these randomly occurring chromosome rearrangements appear to be 'stable'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udayakumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
A 13-year-old girl presented with swelling in the neck, fever, bleeding of the gums, and hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow morphology was suggestive of erythroleukemia (AML-M6). Chromosome analysis of the marrow revealed 48,XX, +21, +21 as the sole clonal abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udayakumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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Udayakumar AM, Bhargava MK. Double minutes and premature chromosome condensation in blood lymphocytes of four breast cancer patients. Anticancer Res 1995; 15:1577-80. [PMID: 7654049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Double minutes (dmin) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) were observed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of four breast cancer patients using GTG banding. Among 53 breast cancer patients studied, four cases revealed dmin of which one case had PCC along with dmin. PCC might be an indicator of the spontaneous proliferative potential of tumor cells manifested in lymphocytes as a rare phenomenon. The presence of dmin represents amplified genes (well documented in different types of tumors), but their presence in PBL has rarely been reported in the literature. These findings in PBL might indicate that defective genetic/molecular mechanisms expressed generally in tumor tissue are also manifested in a similar manner in the circulating lymphocytes of patients at a lower frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udayakumar
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
Blood lymphocyte cultures of a male with carcinoma of the breast revealed both numerical (hypodiploidy and hyperdiploidy) and structural abnormalities. Only few cases of male breast cancer have been cytogenetically characterized. Earlier studies revealed normal karyotypes in peripheral blood cultures of male breast cancer patients and abnormalities only in the tumor tissue. The present report describes 16.6% abnormal metaphases detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Numerical abnormalities were loss of chromosome 9 and 19 and gain of chromosome 7. Structural abnormalities were a cell with marker, del(11)(q22-23) and dic(7;19)(q36;p13). These abnormalities are compared with male and female tumor karyotypes reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Udayakumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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