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Kral M, Dendisova M, Svoboda J, Cernescu A, Svecova M, Johnson CM, Pop-Georgievski O, Matejka P. Nano-FTIR spectroscopy of surface confluent polydopamine films - What is the role of deposition time and substrate material? Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113769. [PMID: 38306803 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA) is a widely used anchoring layer for multiple purposes. While simple to prepare, PDA is characterized by high chemical and topological diversity, which can limit its versatility. Unraveling the formation mechanism and physicochemical properties of continuous confluent layer and adherent nanoparticles on the nanoscale is crucial to further extend the prospective applications of PDA. Utilizing nano-FTIR spectroscopy, we investigate layers of PDA on three different substrates (silicon/silicon dioxide, nitrogen-doped titanium oxide, and gold substrates) at varying times of deposition (ToD). We observed a good correlation between the nano-FTIR and macroscopic FTIR spectra that reflected the changes in the relative abundance of PDA and polymerization intermediates as ToD increased. To gain analytical power, we utilized the principal component analysis (PCA) and extracted additional information from the resulting loadings spectral curves and data distribution in the score plots. We revealed a higher variability of the spectra of ultrathin surface confluent layers compared to the adherent nanoparticles. While the spectra of nanoparticles showed no apparent dependency on either ToD or the substrate material, the spectra of layers were highly affected by the increasing ToD and exhibited a rise in the absorption of PDA. Concomitantly, the spectra of layers grouped according to the substrate material at the lowest ToD point to the fact that the substrate material affects the PDA's initial physicochemical structure. The observed separation gradually diminished with the increasing ToD as the PDA physicochemical structure became less influenced by the substrate material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kral
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dendisova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian Cernescu
- Attocube systems AG, Eglfinger Weg 2, D-85540 Haar, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Svecova
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matejka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Sofińska K, Batys P, Cernescu A, Ghosh D, Skirlińska-Nosek K, Barbasz J, Seweryn S, Wilkosz N, Riek R, Szymoński M, Lipiec E. Nanoscale insights into the local structural rearrangements of amyloid-β induced by bexarotene. Nanoscale 2023; 15:14606-14614. [PMID: 37614107 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the abnormal protein aggregation and the effect of anti-aggregation agents on the fibrillation pathways and the secondary structure of aggregates can determine strategies for the early treatment of dementia. Herein, we present a combination of experimental and theoretical studies providing new insights into the influence of the anti-aggregation drug bexarotene on the secondary structure of individual amyloid-β aggregates and its primary aggregation. The molecular rearrangements and the spatial distribution of β-sheets within individual aggregates were monitored at the nanoscale with infrared nanospectroscopy. We observed that bexarotene limits the parallel β-sheets formation, known to be highly abundant in fibrils at later phases of the amyloid-β aggregation composed of in-register cross-β structure. Moreover, we applied molecular dynamics to provide molecular-level insights into the investigated system. Both theoretical and experimental results revealed that bexarotene slows down the protein aggregation process via steric effects, largely prohibiting the antiparallel to parallel β-sheet rearrangement. We also found that bexarotene interacts not only via the single hydrogen bond formation with the peptide backbone but also with the amino acid side residue via a hydrophobic effect. The studied model of the drug-amyloid-β interaction contributes to a better understanding of the inhibition mechanism of the amyloid-β aggregation by the small molecule drugs. However, our nanoscale findings need to meet in vivo research requiring different analytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sofińska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Batys
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Dhiman Ghosh
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Skirlińska-Nosek
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Barbasz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sara Seweryn
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilkosz
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Roland Riek
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Szymoński
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Lipiec
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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Wolski K, Smenda J, Grobelny A, Dąbczyński P, Marzec M, Cernescu A, Wytrwal M, Bernasik A, Rysz J, Zapotoczny S. Surface engineering of mixed conjugated/polyelectrolyte brushes - Tailoring interface structure and electrical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:209-220. [PMID: 36535159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Mixed polymer brushes (MPBs) could be synthesized by surface dilution of homopolymer brushes and subsequent grafting of other type of chains in the formed voids. Nanophase separation and dynamics of surface-grafted chains could be tailored by modification of their molecular architecture. Mixed polyelectrolyte and conjugated chains contribute synergistically to tailor properties of the coating. EXPERIMENTS A new synthetic strategy that allowed spatially controlled grafting of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) chains (PSSNa) in close neighborhood of poly(3-methylthienyl methacrylate) (PMTM) brushes (precursors of the conjugated chains) using surface-initiated polymerizations was developed. The final mixed conjugated/polyelectrolyte brushes were prepared by template polymerization of pendant thiophene groups in PMTM chains. Surface dynamics and nanophase separation of MPBs were studied by nanoscale resolution IR imaging, SIMS profiling and AFM mapping in selective solvents. FINDINGS Unconjugated MPBs were shown to undergo vertical, and horizontal nanophase separation, while the size and shape of the nanodomains were dependent on molar ratio of the mixed chains and their relative lengths. Generation of the conjugated chains led to diminishing of nanophase separation thanks to stronger mutual interactions of conjugated PMTM and PSSNa (macromolecular mixing). The obtained systems demonstrated tunable interfacial structure and resistance switching phenomenon desired in construction of smart surfaces or memristive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wolski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Smenda
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Grobelny
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbczyński
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Wytrwal
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Rysz
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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Kotov N, Larsson PA, Jain K, Abitbol T, Cernescu A, Wågberg L, Johnson CM. Elucidating the fine-scale structural morphology of nanocellulose by nano infrared spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120320. [PMID: 36604038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale infrared (IR) spectroscopy and microscopy, enabling the acquisition of IR spectra and images with a lateral resolution of 20 nm, is employed to chemically characterize individual cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) to elucidate if the CNCs and CNFs consist of alternating crystalline and amorphous domains along the CNF/CNC. The high lateral resolution enables studies of the nanoscale morphology at different domains of the CNFs/CNCs: flat segments, kinks, twisted areas, and end points. The types of nanocellulose investigated are CNFs from tunicate, CNCs from cotton, and anionic and cationic wood-derived CNFs. All nano-FTIR spectra acquired from the different samples and different domains of the individual nanocellulose particles resemble a spectrum of crystalline cellulose, suggesting that the non-crystalline cellulose signal observed in macroscopic measurements of nanocellulose most likely originate from cellulose chains present at the surface of the nanocellulose particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per A Larsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karishma Jain
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 55, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adrian Cernescu
- Neaspec, Attocube systems AG, Eglfinger Weg 2, 85540 Haar, Germany.
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Eliaz D, Paul S, Benyamin D, Cernescu A, Cohen SR, Rosenhek-Goldian I, Brookstein O, Miali ME, Solomonov A, Greenblatt M, Levy Y, Raviv U, Barth A, Shimanovich U. Micro and nano-scale compartments guide the structural transition of silk protein monomers into silk fibers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7856. [PMID: 36543800 PMCID: PMC9772184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk is a unique, remarkably strong biomaterial made of simple protein building blocks. To date, no synthetic method has come close to reproducing the properties of natural silk, due to the complexity and insufficient understanding of the mechanism of the silk fiber formation. Here, we use a combination of bulk analytical techniques and nanoscale analytical methods, including nano-infrared spectroscopy coupled with atomic force microscopy, to probe the structural characteristics directly, transitions, and evolution of the associated mechanical properties of silk protein species corresponding to the supramolecular phase states inside the silkworm's silk gland. We found that the key step in silk-fiber production is the formation of nanoscale compartments that guide the structural transition of proteins from their native fold into crystalline β-sheets. Remarkably, this process is reversible. Such reversibility enables the remodeling of the final mechanical characteristics of silk materials. These results open a new route for tailoring silk processing for a wide range of new material formats by controlling the structural transitions and self-assembly of the silk protein's supramolecular phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Eliaz
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - S. Paul
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Benyamin
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - A. Cernescu
- grid.431971.9Neaspec—Attocube Systems AG, Eglfinger Weg 2, Haar, 85540 Munich Germany
| | - S. R. Cohen
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Re-hovot, Israel
| | - I. Rosenhek-Goldian
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Re-hovot, Israel
| | - O. Brookstein
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - M. E. Miali
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - A. Solomonov
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - M. Greenblatt
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Y. Levy
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - U. Raviv
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - A. Barth
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U. Shimanovich
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Dragos B, Neagu C, Balica A, Cojocariu A, Cernescu A, Bratu D, Negrutiu M, Sinescu C. Mechanical Strength Evaluation of a Printed Dental Space Maintainer. Dent Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Freitas RO, Cernescu A, Engdahl A, Paulus A, Levandoski JE, Martinsson I, Hebisch E, Sandt C, Gouras GK, Prinz CN, Deierborg T, Borondics F, Klementieva O. Nano-Infrared Imaging of Primary Neurons. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102559. [PMID: 34685539 PMCID: PMC8534030 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for about 70% of neurodegenerative diseases and is a cause of cognitive decline and death for one-third of seniors. AD is currently underdiagnosed, and it cannot be effectively prevented. Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins has been linked to the development of AD, and it has been established that, under pathological conditions, Aβ proteins undergo structural changes to form β-sheet structures that are considered neurotoxic. Numerous intensive in vitro studies have provided detailed information about amyloid polymorphs; however, little is known on how amyloid β-sheet-enriched aggregates can cause neurotoxicity in relevant settings. We used scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) to study amyloid structures at the nanoscale, in individual neurons. Specifically, we show that in well-validated systems, s-SNOM can detect amyloid β-sheet structures with nanometer spatial resolution in individual neurons. This is a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate that s-SNOM can be used to detect Aβ-sheet structures on cell surfaces at the nanoscale. Furthermore, this study is intended to raise neurobiologists’ awareness of the potential of s-SNOM as a tool for analyzing amyloid β-sheet structures at the nanoscale in neurons without the need for immunolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul O. Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (R.O.F.); (O.K.)
| | - Adrian Cernescu
- Attocube Systems AG, Eglfinger Weg 2, 85540 Munich, Germany;
| | - Anders Engdahl
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180 Lund, Sweden; (A.E.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnes Paulus
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180 Lund, Sweden; (A.E.); (A.P.)
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180 Lund, Sweden;
| | - João E. Levandoski
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180 Lund, Sweden; (I.M.); (G.K.G.)
| | - Elke Hebisch
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (E.H.); (C.N.P.)
| | - Christophe Sandt
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, CEDEX, 91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France; (C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Gunnar Keppler Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180 Lund, Sweden; (I.M.); (G.K.G.)
| | - Christelle N. Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (E.H.); (C.N.P.)
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Ferenc Borondics
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, CEDEX, 91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France; (C.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Oxana Klementieva
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22180 Lund, Sweden; (A.E.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.O.F.); (O.K.)
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8
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Miliaieva D, Matunova P, Cermak J, Stehlik S, Cernescu A, Remes Z, Stenclova P, Muller M, Rezek B. Author Correction: Nanodiamond surface chemistry controls assembly of polypyrrole and generation of photovoltage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8218. [PMID: 33837265 PMCID: PMC8035195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Miliaieva
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Matunova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cermak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Stehlik
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdenek Remes
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Stenclova
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Muller
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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9
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Cernescu A, Szuwarzyński M, Kwolek U, Wydro P, Kepczynski M, Zapotoczny S, Nowakowska M, Quaroni L. Correction to Label-Free Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging of Single Phospholipid Bilayers with Nanoscale Resolution. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1851. [PMID: 33355439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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de Los Santos Pereira A, Cernescu A, Svoboda J, Sivkova R, Romanenko I, Bashta B, Keilmann F, Pop-Georgievski O. Conformation in Ultrathin Polymer Brush Coatings Resolved by Infrared Nanoscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4716-4720. [PMID: 32129604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brush coatings are effective in preventing blood coagulation or bacterial attachment, but their chain conformation, while vital for this effect, was never characterized in high spatial resolution. Here, we report mid-infrared spectroscopic nanoscopy studies of few-nanometer-thin poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) films which reveal marked spectral variations along the surface at a length scale smaller than 100 nm and originating only from the physical conformation of the chains. The conformation and average orientation of the polymer chains in the layer is extracted from the spectra with the aid of theoretic modeling, confirming the spontaneous formation of a crystalline phase. This result suggests spectroscopic nanoscopy as a powerful new tool to characterize polymer brush coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres de Los Santos Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslava Sivkova
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Romanenko
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bogdana Bashta
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fritz Keilmann
- Fakultät für Physik & Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Blat A, Dybas J, Kaczmarska M, Chrabaszcz K, Bulat K, Kostogrys RB, Cernescu A, Malek K, Marzec KM. An Analysis of Isolated and Intact RBC Membranes-A Comparison of a Semiquantitative Approach by Means of FTIR, Nano-FTIR, and Raman Spectroscopies. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9867-9874. [PMID: 31241915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the potential of vibrational spectroscopy, Vis and NIR Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in reflection and transmission modes, and nano-FTIR microscopy to study the biochemical alterations in membranes of isolated and intact red blood cells (RBCs). The main goal was to propose the best spectroscopic method which enabled following biochemical alterations in the RBC membranes and then to translate this spectroscopic signature of degradation to in situ analysis of RBCs. Two models corresponding to two distinct cases of RBC membrane conditions were employed, and they were derived from healthy and young mice and mature mice with advanced atherosclerosis. It was shown that each technique provided essential information about biochemical alterations of the isolated membranes as well as membranes in the intact RBCs, which can be used in the development of a rapid and in situ analytical technology. Finally, we proposed that the combination of macro- and nanoprobing implemented in IR spectroscopy provided a wide chemical characterization of the RBC membranes, including alterations in lipid and protein fractions. This study also examined the effect of the sample preparation to determine destructive factors influencing a spectroscopic analysis of isolated membranes and intact RBCs derived from healthy and disease-affected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Blat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics , Jagiellonian University , 14 Bobrzynskiego Str. , 30-348 Krakow , Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , 2 Gronostajowa Str. , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics , Jagiellonian University , 14 Bobrzynskiego Str. , 30-348 Krakow , Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaczmarska
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics , Jagiellonian University , 14 Bobrzynskiego Str. , 30-348 Krakow , Poland
| | - Karolina Chrabaszcz
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics , Jagiellonian University , 14 Bobrzynskiego Str. , 30-348 Krakow , Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , 2 Gronostajowa Str. , 30-387 Krakow , Poland.,Center for Medical Genomics (OMICRON) , Jagiellonian University Medical College , 7c Kopernika Str. , 31-034 Krakow , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics , Jagiellonian University , 14 Bobrzynskiego Str. , 30-348 Krakow , Poland
| | - Renata B Kostogrys
- Faculty of Food Technology , University of Agriculture in Krakow , 122 Balicka Str. , 30-149 Krakow , Poland
| | | | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University , 2 Gronostajowa Str. , 30-387 Krakow , Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Marzec
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics , Jagiellonian University , 14 Bobrzynskiego Str. , 30-348 Krakow , Poland.,Center for Medical Genomics (OMICRON) , Jagiellonian University Medical College , 7c Kopernika Str. , 31-034 Krakow , Poland
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12
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Rygula A, Fernandes RF, Grosicki M, Kukla B, Leszczenko P, Augustynska D, Cernescu A, Dorosz A, Malek K, Baranska M. Raman imaging highlights biochemical heterogeneity of human eosinophils versus human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:685-694. [PMID: 31134616 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are acidophilic granulocytes that develop in the bone marrow. Although their population contributes only to approximately 1-6% of all leucocytes present in the human blood, they possess a wide range of specific functions. They play a key role in inflammation-regulating processes, when their numbers can increased to above 5 × 109 /l of peripheral blood. Their characteristic feature is the presence of granules containing eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), the release of which can trigger a cascade of events promoting oxidative stress, apoptosis or necrosis, leading finally to cell death. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique to detect EPO, which comprises a chromophore protoporphyrin IX. Another cell structure associated with inflammation processes are lipid bodies (lipid-rich organelles), also well recognized and imaged using high resolution confocal Raman spectroscopy. In this work, eosinophils isolated from the blood of a human donor were analysed versus their model, EoL-1 human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line, by Raman spectroscopic imaging. We showed that EPO was present only in primary cells and not found in the cell line. Eosinophils were activated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which resulted in lipid bodies formation. An effect of cells stimulation was studied and compared for eosinophils and EoL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rygula
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafaella F Fernandes
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grosicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bozena Kukla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Dominika Augustynska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Dorosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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13
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Ryu M, Honda R, Cernescu A, Vailionis A, Balčytis A, Vongsvivut J, Li JL, Linklater DP, Ivanova EP, Mizeikis V, Tobin MJ, Morikawa J, Juodkazis S. Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:922-929. [PMID: 31165019 PMCID: PMC6541335 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale composition of silk defining its unique properties via a hierarchial structural anisotropy needs to be analysed at the highest spatial resolution of tens of nanometers corresponding to the size of fibrils made of β-sheets, which are the crystalline building blocks of silk. Nanoscale optical and structural properties of silk have been measured from 100 nm thick longitudinal slices of silk fibers with ca. 10 nm resolution, the highest so far. Optical sub-wavelength resolution in hyperspectral mapping of absorbance and molecular orientation were carried out for comparison at IR wavelengths of 2-10 μm using synchrotron radiation. A reliable distinction of transmission changes by only 1-2% as the anisotropy of amide bands was obtained from nanometer-thin slices of silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meguya Ryu
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Reo Honda
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | | | - Arturas Vailionis
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu street 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Armandas Balčytis
- Swinburne University of Technology, John st., Hawthorn, 3122 Vic, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jing-Liang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Denver P Linklater
- Swinburne University of Technology, John st., Hawthorn, 3122 Vic, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Vygantas Mizeikis
- Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Naka-ku, 3-5-3-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328561, Japan
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Junko Morikawa
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Melbourne Center for Nanofabrication, Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, John st., Hawthorn, 3122 Vic, Australia
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14
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Sui T, Dluhoš J, Li T, Zeng K, Cernescu A, Landini G, Korsunsky AM. Structure-Function Correlative Microscopy of Peritubular and Intertubular Dentine. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11091493. [PMID: 30134596 PMCID: PMC6164774 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peritubular dentine (PTD) and intertubular dentine (ITD) were investigated by 3D correlative Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) tomography, tapping mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and scattering-type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) mapping. The brighter appearance of PTD in 3D SEM-Backscattered-Electron (BSE) imaging mode and the corresponding higher grey value indicate a greater mineral concentration in PTD (~160) compared to ITD (~152). However, the 3D FIB-SEM-EDS reconstruction and high resolution, quantitative 2D map of the Ca/P ratio (~1.8) fail to distinguish between PTD and ITD. This has been further confirmed using nanoscale 2D AFM map, which clearly visualised biopolymers and hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystallites with larger mean crystallite size in ITD (32 ± 8 nm) than that in PTD (22 ± 3 nm). Correlative microscopy reveals that the principal difference between PTD and ITD arises primarily from the nanoscale packing density of the crystallites bonded together by thin biopolymer, with moderate contribution from the chemical composition difference. The structural difference results in the mechanical properties variation that is described by the parabolic stiffness-volume fraction correlation function introduced here. The obtained results benefit a microstructure-based mechano-chemical model to simulate the chemical etching process that can occur in human dental caries and some of its treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Sui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Jiří Dluhoš
- TESCAN Brno, s.r.o., Libušina třída 1, 623 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Kaiyang Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Adrian Cernescu
- Neaspec GmbH, Bunsenstr. 5, Martinsried, D-82152 Munich, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK.
| | - Alexander M Korsunsky
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
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15
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Cernescu A, Szuwarzyński M, Kwolek U, Wydro P, Kepczynski M, Zapotoczny S, Nowakowska M, Quaroni L. Label-Free Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging of Single Phospholipid Bilayers with Nanoscale Resolution. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10179-10186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Szuwarzyński
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Kwolek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Wydro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Luca Quaroni
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Choi W, Seabron E, Mohseni PK, Kim JD, Gokus T, Cernescu A, Pochet P, Johnson HT, Wilson WL, Li X. Direct Electrical Probing of Periodic Modulation of Zinc-Dopant Distributions in Planar Gallium Arsenide Nanowires. ACS Nano 2017; 11:1530-1539. [PMID: 28135065 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective lateral epitaxial (SLE) semiconductor nanowires (NWs), with their perfect in-plane epitaxial alignment, ability to form lateral complex p-n junctions in situ, and compatibility with planar processing, are a distinctive platform for next-generation device development. However, the incorporation and distribution of impurity dopants in these planar NWs via the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism remain relatively unexplored. Here, we present a detailed study of SLE planar GaAs NWs containing multiple alternating axial segments doped with Si and Zn impurities by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The dopant profile of the lateral multi-p-n junction GaAs NWs was imaged simultaneously with nanowire topography using scanning microwave impedance microscopy and correlated with infrared scattering-type near-field optical microscopy. Our results provide unambiguous evidence that Zn dopants in the periodically twinned and topologically corrugated p-type segments are preferentially segregated at twin plane boundaries, while Si impurity atoms are uniformly distributed within the n-type segments of the NWs. These results are further supported by microwave impedance modulation microscopy. The density functional theory based modeling shows that the presence of Zn dopant atoms reduces the formation energy of these twin planes, and the effect becomes significantly stronger with a slight increase of Zn concentration. This implies that the twin formation is expected to appear when a threshold planar concentration of Zn is achieved, making the onset and twin periodicity dependent on both Zn concentration and nanowire diameter, in perfect agreement with our experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Gokus
- neaspec GmbH, Bunsenstrasse 5, Martinsried, Munich D-821152, Germany
| | - Adrian Cernescu
- neaspec GmbH, Bunsenstrasse 5, Martinsried, Munich D-821152, Germany
| | - Pascal Pochet
- Laboratoire de Simulation Atomistique (L_Sim) , SP2M, UMR-E CEA/UJF-Grenoble 1, INAC, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - Harley T Johnson
- Laboratoire de Simulation Atomistique (L_Sim) , SP2M, UMR-E CEA/UJF-Grenoble 1, INAC, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - William L Wilson
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University , 11 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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17
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Maly T, Zwicker K, Cernescu A, Brandt U, Prisner TF. New pulsed EPR methods and their application to characterize mitochondrial complex I. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1787:584-92. [PMID: 19366602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is the method of choice to study paramagnetic cofactors that often play an important role as active centers in electron transfer processes in biological systems. However, in many cases more than one paramagnetic species is contributing to the observed EPR spectrum, making the analysis of individual contributions difficult and in some cases impossible. With time-domain techniques it is possible to exploit differences in the relaxation behavior of different paramagnetic species to distinguish between them and separate their individual spectral contribution. Here we give an overview of the use of pulsed EPR spectroscopy to study the iron-sulfur clusters of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). While FeS cluster N1 can be studied individually at a temperature of 30 K, this is not possible for FeS cluster N2 due to its severe spectral overlap with cluster N1. In this case Relaxation Filtered Hyperfine (REFINE) spectroscopy can be used to separate the overlapping spectra based on differences in their relaxation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Maly
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Cernescu A, Maly T, Prisner TF. 2D-REFINE spectroscopy: separation of overlapping hyperfine spectra. J Magn Reson 2008; 192:78-84. [PMID: 18343175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We show on a mixture of three spectrally overlapping paramagnetic compounds TEMPO, BDPA and CuHis that it is possible to separate their field-swept and hyperfine spectra based on the difference in their longitudinal relaxation times T1. This was achieved in a two-dimensional experiment, where one dimension corresponds to the spectral domain and the second dimension encodes the relaxation behavior of the individual compound. Inverse Laplace Transform with respect to this domain separates the field-swept and hyperfine spectra of the individual compounds in the relaxation rate domain. This extends our formerly proposed Relaxation Filtered Hyperfine (REFINE) method to be applicable to more than two spectrally overlapping spectra by adding a further dimension to the chosen EPR experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Cernescu
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Marie-Curie Str. 11, D-60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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