[Men working through mobile applications in Brazil: Reflections from occupational health]

Work through mobile applications emerged as an alternative for many Brazilian men during the economic crisis and rising unemployment. However, these workers operate informally, without a formal employment relationship, leading to labor precariousness and a lack of workers' rights. Using a theoretical-reflexive, this study analyzes the intersection between occupational health, the platformization of work, and the specific challenges faced by male delivery app workers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflective categories are divided into two thematic sections: "Labor insertion through mobile applications in Brazil and the algorithmic work model" and "men, health, and motorcycles: occupational health and male behavior in app-based delivery work." The study examines the expansion of this type of work in the Brazilian socio-economic context, the lack of security and labor protection for these workers, as well as the risks faced, particularly during the pandemic, within a male-centric culture.

The Impact of Stress from Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychiatric Disorders: An Analysis from the Scientific Literature

The COVID-19 pandemic generated, in addition to severe symptoms, hospitalizations and deaths worldwide, as well as stress from the fear of the disease and social uncertainties, from restriction measures and social isolation. Stress from social isolation impacts mental health, aggravating existing conditions and triggering neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with biopsychosocial vulnerability. During and immediately after the period of social restriction imposed by the pandemic, the scientific community carried out several research protocols. These revealed results that relevantly demonstrate the harmful effect of the stress induced by the pandemic situation. This narrative review reports and discusses research results demonstrating impairments in psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, dementia, eating disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression. In this sense, the community has identified a significant negative influence of social isolation on the mental health of individuals through the modification of individual routines and the absence of social interactions. Moreover, the community identified perceived differences related to the impacts on men and women. In addition to studies showing the effect of social isolation on disorders, an evaluation of protocols with some possible therapeutic intervention strategies during times of social restriction was developed.

PERCEPÇÕES DE IDOSOS SOBRE O ENFRENTAMENTO DA COVID-19

Objetivo: compreender a percepção de idosos sobre o enfrentamento da COVID-19. Método: pesquisa qualitativa do tipo ação-participante, com base teórica fundamentada em Paulo Freire, adaptada à realidade da pandemia. Percorreram-se as etapas do Itinerário de Pesquisa com analogia ao vinho: Investigação Temática à cor; Codificação-Descodificação à doçura e acidez; Desvelamento Crítico ao álcool. Realizou-se um Círculo de Cultura virtual em agosto de 2020, incluindo 23 idosos de um Centro de Convivência do Sul do Brasil. Resultados: Temas Geradores: 1) Repercussões amargas da COVID-19, destacando-se medos, insegurança, ansiedade, falta do convívio com pessoas e do cotidiano antes do isolamento; 2) Doces repercussões da COVID-19, desvelando-se esperança, fé, reinvenção da vida, aprendizados, sentir-se amado, cuidado e apoiado mesmo à distância. Conclusão: a manutenção da capacidade física e mental dos idosos diante de tragédias sociais deve pautar-se por diretrizes em protocolos de cuidado integral, para prevenção de agravos e promoção da saúde.

Virtual cultural circle: promoting the health of nurses fighting the covid-19

OBJECTIVE

To report a virtual Cultural Circle experience implemented with nurses to allow them to dialogue and promote health amidst the pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHOD

Experience report of a virtual Cultural Circle based on Paulo Freire's framework. The stages were correlated to the oil lamp, the symbol of the nursing profession: the lamp body was considered the Thematic Investigation, the lamp support corresponded to Encoding and Decoding, and the light corresponded to Critical Unveiling. Fourteen nurses working in different health settings located in different Brazilian regions participated.

RESULTS

Two themes emerged: adjusting my inner light and taking care of my family and work.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

The nurses exchanged experiences and strengthened themselves to overcome the challenges imposed by the fight against the COVID-19, acquiring autonomy to take care of themselves and provide care to others.

Impact of COVID-19 in the Mental Health in Elderly: Psychological and Biological Updates

Since December 2019, the world has been experiencing the challenge of facing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a severe infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The individuals with the most severe symptoms and the highest risk of death are the elderly and those with chronic illness. Among chronic conditions, those with a certain degree of chronic inflammation may predispose to a more severe evolution of COVID-19. Elderly with psychiatric disorders can present a persistent inflammatory state, a characteristic of the age’s immunological senescence, but the disorder can accentuate that. Social isolation is still the safest way to avoid contamination. However, isolated older people may have or worsen mental health conditions due to isolation and health concerns. In this scenario, a SARS-CoV-2 infection may progress to more severe disease. Conversely, COVID-19 can predispose or aggravate psychiatric disorders, as it induces a cytokine storm, causing systemic hyper inflammation. It may damage the blood-brain barrier, resulting in inflammation in the central nervous system. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 is likely to reach and trigger an inflammatory process directly in the nervous system. This review makes an update about research on the mental health of the elderly during the pandemic. Also, it discusses the vulnerability of these individuals in the face of stress and in the case of contracting COVID-19, considering mainly the stress’s hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms. Finally, the review points out possible care and attention strategies and entertainment and activities that can reduce the damage to mental and physical health and improve the elderly’s quality of life.

Graphical abstract

Segurança do paciente entre estudantes de Enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica acerca da compreensão dos graduandos de enfermagem sobre a segurança do paciente. Método: revisão integrativa com busca realizada de março a maio de 2020. O total de 15 artigos foi analisado com a tradução, leitura e interpretação dos resultados e comparação com o conhecimento teórico. Resultados: foram estabelecidos quatro eixos temáticos: o entendimento dos estudantes sobre segurança do paciente; os desafios da comunicação que podem afetar a segurança do paciente; os desafios do conhecimento dos estudantes e ensino sobre segurança do paciente e o papel do enfermeiro na construção da cultura de segurança. Conclusão: as compreensões dos estudantes foram: a insuficiente estrutura de ensino dos cursos de graduação, os dilemas éticos oriundos dos erros, o receio de infligirem danos aos indivíduos por desconhecimento das melhores práticas e os enfermeiros dos serviços vistos como protagonistas na conquista da cultura de segurança nas instituições de saúde.

Structuring a philosophical and theoretical framework in the pedagogical project to teach nursing care

OBJECTIVES

to analyze the philosophical, theoretical and methodological conceptions of the Theory of Praxic Intervention in Nursing in Collective Health by professors at a federal university, aiming at structuring a reference proposal for teaching nursing care.

METHODS

Convergent Assistance Research, with 17 teachers, gathered in convergence groups for instrumentalization and production about the referential.

RESULTS

the focus was primarily on issues considered preliminary to the theoretical and philosophical deepening of theory; and then a theoretical-methodological essay on historicity and dialectics was developed for teaching in nursing care.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

when electing Theory of Praxic Intervention in Nursing in Collective Health, the potential of the referential to make operational, in the teaching of assistance, the assumptions of historicity and dialectics operational, founding new conceptions for care. This decision represents a paradigmatic challenge exposing weaknesses in the formation related to its Cartesian origin and its limitations regarding intrinsic philosophical complexity.

Factors associated with leisure activities of elderly residents in rural areas

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with leisure activities of elderly residents in rural areas. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study carried out with 258 elderly living in the rural area of Paraná. The collection instrument addressed sociodemographic, economic, and self-reported leisure activities. The association between variables and leisure activities was verified by means of bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Among the elderly interviewed, 63.9% were female, and 36.1% were male, with an average of 68.3 years old (± 5.8 years). Participation in leisure activities was high (79.8%), and the factors associated with their practice were: marital status, gender, and education. Conclusion: Considering that the practice of leisure activities promotes better living and health conditions, we reinforce the need to implement actions and instruments that provide individual and collective leisure in rural areas.

Segurança do paciente na atenção primária à saúde: estudo de métodos mistos

Este estudo objetiva analisar o conhecimento relativo a segurança do paciente entre profissionais de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), e proporcionar uma intervenção educativa acerca do tema junto à equipe. Trata-se de um estudo misto, com estratégia de triangulação. Na abordagem quantitativa aplicou-se pré e pós–teste após uma intervenção educativa, e na qualitativa foi utilizada a técnica de grupo focal. A análise dos dados utilizou a estatística descritiva para a parte quantitativa e a análise de conteúdo para os dados qualitativos. O pré-teste apontou que o conhecimento sobre segurança do paciente expressado pelos profissionais da ESF era incipiente, entretanto, após a intervenção educativa observou-se aumento de acertos. Fica evidenciada a necessidade de ações educativas permanentes e contínuas no processo de trabalho, que busquem aprofundar e proporcionar reflexão quanto a temas emergentes.

Repercussions of hospitalization due to fall of the elderly: health care and prevention

OBJECTIVE

To know the repercussions of the fall reported by the elderly and their caregiver during hospitalization in a public hospital in Florianópolis city from October to December 2014.

METHOD

Exploratory research with a qualitative approach, conducted by depth interviews with 16 participants, the eight elderly were hospitalized for falls and eight elderly caregivers. Data analysis were performed through the Thematic Content Analysis.

RESULTS

It was evidenced the thematic axis: Faller Elderly supported by four thematic categories: Changes caused by Falls, I am a faller, I take care of me and Prevention of the Fall. The repercussions of the fall were evidenced in the impairment of the health condition, self-care and functional capacity. We observed the naturalization of the phenomenon and the passivity with the harmful consequences of the event. Final Considerations: The fall is valued the more negative its repercussion, such as the need for hospitalization and surgery. Managing the vulnerability of the elderly, especially in primary care, evaluating their comorbidities and their internal and external environment, will minimize unfavorable consequences and the social and financial cost of hospitalizations.

Levantamento sobre uso de álcool e outras drogas e vulnerabilidades relacionadas de estudantes de escolas públicas participantes do programa saúde do escolar/saúde e prevenção nas escolas no município de Florianópolis

Esta pesquisa investigou o uso de álcool e outras drogas e as vulnerabilidades relacionadas de estudantes de nove escolas públicas participantes do Programa Saúde do Escolar/Saúde e Prevenção nas Escolas no município de Florianópolis. Participaram 789 alunos entre o sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental e o terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. O álcool foi utilizado por 30,1% dos participantes, o tabaco por 20,1%, a maconha por 7%, a cocaína por 1,3% e o crack por 0,6%. Os estudantes que utilizam álcool e outras drogas mataram mais aulas, participaram mais de brigas, são sexualmente mais ativos e declararam que se arriscaram mais frente ao HIV/Aids. Observou-se a importância da família tanto como fator de influência nos comportamentos do uso de álcool e outras drogas, como de proteção frente a este uso.

Características de idosos com doença de Alzheimer e seus cuidadores: uma série de casos em um serviço de neurogeriatria

Este estudo buscou descrever as características dos idosos com doença de Alzheimer e seus cuidadores, além de avaliar o grau de dependência dos idosos e sobrecarga dos cuidadores. Foi utilizado o método exploratório-descritivo do tipo série de casos. Participaram desta investigação 36 pares de idosos/cuidadores. Os resultados mostraram que os idosos com doença de Alzheimer eram em sua maioria do sexo feminino, casados, com média de idade de 75,19 ± 6,14 anos. Os cuidadores eram do sexo feminino, casados, em sua maioria filhas e esposas, com média de idade de 59,33 ± 12,29 anos. Os cuidadores investigados apresentaram média de sobrecarga de 34,08 ± 12,34. A sobrecarga produzida pelas demandas de cuidados pode ser minimizada, pela adoção de estratégias e de políticas públicas eficazes, representando melhor qualidade de vida para o idoso e seu cuidador.