1
|
Borges AA, de Souza MP, da Fonseca ACC, Wermelinger GF, Ribeiro RCB, Amaral AAP, de Carvalho CJC, Abreu LS, de Queiroz LN, de Almeida ECP, Rabelo VW, Abreu PA, Pontes B, Ferreira VF, da Silva FDC, Forezi LDSM, Robbs BK. Chemoselective Synthesis of Mannich Adducts from 1,4-Naphthoquinones and Profile as Autophagic Inducers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010309. [PMID: 36615502 PMCID: PMC9822194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a worldwide public health problem, accounting for approximately 90% of all oral cancers, and is the eighth most common cancer in men. Cisplatin and carboplatin are the main chemotherapy drugs used in the clinic. However, in addition to their serious side effects, such as damage to the nervous system and kidneys, there is also drug resistance. Thus, the development of new drugs becomes of great importance. Naphthoquinones have been described with antitumor activity. Some of them are found in nature, but semi synthesis has been used as strategy to find new chemical entities for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, we promote a multiple component reaction (MCR) among lawsone, arylaldehydes, and benzylamine to produce sixteen chemoselectively derivated Mannich adducts of 1,4-naphthoquinones in good yield (up to 97%). The antitumor activities and molecular mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated in OSCC models and the compound 6a induced cytotoxicity in three different tumor cell lines (OSCC4, OSCC9, and OSCC25) and was more selective (IS > 2) for tumor cells than the chemotropic drug carboplatin and the controls lapachol and shikonin, which are chemically similar compounds with cytotoxic effects. The 6a selectively and significantly reduced the amount of cell colony growth, was not hemolytic, and tolerable in mice with no serious side effects at a concentration of 100 mg/kg with a LD50 of 150 mg/kg. The new compound is biologically stable with a profile similar to carboplatin. Morphologically, 6a does not induce cell retraction or membrane blebs, but it does induce intense vesicle formation and late emergence of membrane bubbles. Exploring the mechanism of cell death induction, compound 6a does not induce ROS formation, and cell viability was not affected by inhibitors of apoptosis (ZVAD) and necroptosis (necrostatin 1). Autophagy followed by a late apoptosis process appears to be the death-inducing pathway of 6a, as observed by increased viability by the autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and by the appearance of autophagosomes, later triggering a process of late apoptosis with the presence of caspase 3/7 and DNA fragmentation. Molecular modeling suggests the ability of the compound to bind to topoisomerase I and II and with greater affinity to hPKM2 enzyme than controls, which could explain the mechanism of cell death by autophagy. Finally, the in-silico prediction of drug-relevant properties showed that compound 6a has a good pharmacokinetic profile when compared to carboplatin and doxorubicin. Among the sixteen naphthoquinones tested, compound 6a was the most effective and is highly selective and well tolerated in animals. The induction of cell death in OSCC through autophagy followed by late apoptosis possibly via inhibition of the PKM2 enzyme points to a promising potential of 6a as a new preclinical anticancer candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. Borges
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Michele P. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina C. da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F. Wermelinger
- Departamento de Ciência Básica, Campus Universitário de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Ruan C. B. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Adriane A. P. Amaral
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Cláudio José C. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Abreu
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nicolau de Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Elan C. P. de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciência Básica, Campus Universitário de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Vitor W. Rabelo
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Paula A. Abreu
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C. da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Luana da S. M. Forezi
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.S.M.F.); (B.K.R.)
| | - Bruno K. Robbs
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.S.M.F.); (B.K.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lima CGS, Pauli FP, Madriaga VG, Amaral AAP, Graciano IA, Meira VL, Forezi LDSM, Ferreira VF, Lima TDM, de Carvalho da Silva F. Supramolecular Catalysts for Organic Synthesis: Preparation and Applications of Cyclodextrins and Calixarenes in C‐C Cross‐Coupling Reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica BRAZIL
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
da S M Forezi L, Lima CGS, Amaral AAP, Ferreira PG, de Souza MCBV, Cunha AC, de C da Silva F, Ferreira VF. Bioactive 1,2,3-Triazoles: An Account on their Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Biological Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2782-2807. [PMID: 33570242 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The triazole heterocycle is a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, since its structure is present in a large number of biologically active molecules, including several drugs currently in the market. Due to their vast applications, a wide variety of methods are described for their preparation, such as the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and processes involving diazo compounds and diazo transfer reactions. Considering the significant number of contributions from our research group to this chemistry in recent decades, in this account we discuss both the development of new methods for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles and the preparation of new triazole-functionalized biologically active molecules using classical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana da S M Forezi
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina G S Lima
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriane A P Amaral
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Dr. Mario Vianna, 523 - Santa Rosa, 24241-000, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília B V de Souza
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna C Cunha
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-150, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Dr. Mario Vianna, 523 - Santa Rosa, 24241-000, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|