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Borges AA, de Souza MP, da Fonseca ACC, Wermelinger GF, Ribeiro RCB, Amaral AAP, de Carvalho CJC, Abreu LS, de Queiroz LN, de Almeida ECP, Rabelo VW, Abreu PA, Pontes B, Ferreira VF, da Silva FDC, Forezi LDSM, Robbs BK. Chemoselective Synthesis of Mannich Adducts from 1,4-Naphthoquinones and Profile as Autophagic Inducers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010309. [PMID: 36615502 PMCID: PMC9822194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a worldwide public health problem, accounting for approximately 90% of all oral cancers, and is the eighth most common cancer in men. Cisplatin and carboplatin are the main chemotherapy drugs used in the clinic. However, in addition to their serious side effects, such as damage to the nervous system and kidneys, there is also drug resistance. Thus, the development of new drugs becomes of great importance. Naphthoquinones have been described with antitumor activity. Some of them are found in nature, but semi synthesis has been used as strategy to find new chemical entities for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, we promote a multiple component reaction (MCR) among lawsone, arylaldehydes, and benzylamine to produce sixteen chemoselectively derivated Mannich adducts of 1,4-naphthoquinones in good yield (up to 97%). The antitumor activities and molecular mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated in OSCC models and the compound 6a induced cytotoxicity in three different tumor cell lines (OSCC4, OSCC9, and OSCC25) and was more selective (IS > 2) for tumor cells than the chemotropic drug carboplatin and the controls lapachol and shikonin, which are chemically similar compounds with cytotoxic effects. The 6a selectively and significantly reduced the amount of cell colony growth, was not hemolytic, and tolerable in mice with no serious side effects at a concentration of 100 mg/kg with a LD50 of 150 mg/kg. The new compound is biologically stable with a profile similar to carboplatin. Morphologically, 6a does not induce cell retraction or membrane blebs, but it does induce intense vesicle formation and late emergence of membrane bubbles. Exploring the mechanism of cell death induction, compound 6a does not induce ROS formation, and cell viability was not affected by inhibitors of apoptosis (ZVAD) and necroptosis (necrostatin 1). Autophagy followed by a late apoptosis process appears to be the death-inducing pathway of 6a, as observed by increased viability by the autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and by the appearance of autophagosomes, later triggering a process of late apoptosis with the presence of caspase 3/7 and DNA fragmentation. Molecular modeling suggests the ability of the compound to bind to topoisomerase I and II and with greater affinity to hPKM2 enzyme than controls, which could explain the mechanism of cell death by autophagy. Finally, the in-silico prediction of drug-relevant properties showed that compound 6a has a good pharmacokinetic profile when compared to carboplatin and doxorubicin. Among the sixteen naphthoquinones tested, compound 6a was the most effective and is highly selective and well tolerated in animals. The induction of cell death in OSCC through autophagy followed by late apoptosis possibly via inhibition of the PKM2 enzyme points to a promising potential of 6a as a new preclinical anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. Borges
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Michele P. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina C. da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F. Wermelinger
- Departamento de Ciência Básica, Campus Universitário de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Ruan C. B. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Adriane A. P. Amaral
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Cláudio José C. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Abreu
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nicolau de Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Elan C. P. de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciência Básica, Campus Universitário de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Vitor W. Rabelo
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Paula A. Abreu
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C. da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Luana da S. M. Forezi
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.S.M.F.); (B.K.R.)
| | - Bruno K. Robbs
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.S.M.F.); (B.K.R.)
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De Grandis RA, Oliveira KM, Guedes APM, dos Santos PWS, Aissa AF, Batista AA, Pavan FR. A Novel Ruthenium(II) Complex With Lapachol Induces G2/M Phase Arrest Through Aurora-B Kinase Down-Regulation and ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682968. [PMID: 34249731 PMCID: PMC8264259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapachol is a well-studied natural product that has been receiving great interest due to its anticancer properties that target oxidative stress. In the present work, two novel lapachol-containing ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(Lap)(dppm)(bipy)]PF6 (1) and [Ru(Lap)(dppm)(phen)]PF6 (2) [Lap = lapachol, dppm = 1,1'-bis(diphosphino)methane, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenantroline] were synthesized, fully characterized, and investigated for their cellular and molecular responses on cancer cell lines. We found that both complexes exhibited a potent cytotoxic effect in a panel of cancer cell lines in monolayer cultures, as well as in a 3D model of multicellular spheroids formed from DU-145 human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, the complex (2) suppressed the colony formation, induced G2/M-phase arrest, and downregulated Aurora-B. The mechanism studies suggest that complex (2) stimulate the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis as a result of changes in expression of several genes related to cell proliferation and caspase-3 and -9 activation. Interestingly, we found that N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, suppressed the generation of intracellular ROS induced by complex (2), and decreased its cytotoxicity, indicating that ROS-mediated DNA damage leads the DU-145 cells into apoptosis. Overall, we highlighted that coordination of lapachol to phosphinic ruthenium(II) compounds considerably improves the antiproliferative activities of resulting complexes granting attractive selectivity to human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. The DNA damage response to ROS seems to be involved in the induction of caspase-mediated cell death that plays an important role in the complexes' cytotoxicity. Upon further investigations, this novel class of lapachol-containing ruthenium(II) complexes might indicate promising chemotherapeutic agents for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rone A. De Grandis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Katia M. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre F. Aissa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alzir A. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
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3
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Delarmelina M, Nicoletti CD, de Moraes MC, Futuro DO, Bühl M, de C da Silva F, Ferreira VF, de M Carneiro JW. α- and β-Lapachone Isomerization in Acidic Media: Insights from Experimental and Implicit/Explicit Solvation Approaches. Chempluschem 2020; 84:52-61. [PMID: 31950738 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Combined experimental and mixed implicit/explicit solvation approaches were employed to gain insights into the origin of switchable regioselectivity of acid-catalyzed lapachol cyclization and α-/β-lapachone isomerization. It was found that solvating species under distinct experimental conditions stabilized α- and β-lapachone differently, thus altering the identity of the thermodynamic product. The energy profile for lapachol cyclization revealed that this process can occur with low free-energy barriers (lower than 8.0 kcal mol-1 ). For α/β isomerization in a dilute medium, the computed enthalpic barriers are 15.1 kcal mol-1 (α→β) and 14.2 kcal mol-1 (β→α). These barriers are lowered in concentrated medium to 11.5 and 12.6 kcal mol-1 , respectively. Experimental determination of isomers ratio was quantified by HPLC and NMR measurements. These findings provide insights into the chemical behavior of lapachol and lapachone derivatives in more complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Delarmelina
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Caroline D Nicoletti
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24241-002, Brazil
| | - Marcela C de Moraes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Debora O Futuro
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24241-002, Brazil
| | - Michael Bühl
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Fernando de C da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24241-002, Brazil
| | - José W de M Carneiro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil
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Zu X, Xie X, Zhang Y, Liu K, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim DJ. Lapachol is a novel ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 inhibitor that suppresses growth and induces intrinsic apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2337-2346. [PMID: 31225674 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lapachol is a 1,4-naphthoquinone that is isolated from the Bignoniaceae family. It has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. However, the anticancer activity of lapachol and its molecular mechanisms against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells have not been fully investigated. Herein, we report that lapachol is a novel ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) inhibitor that suppresses growth and induces intrinsic apoptosis in ESCC cells. We found that lapachol strongly attenuates downstream signaling molecules of RSK2 in ESCC cells and also directly inhibits RSK2 activity in vitro. The RSK protein is highly activated in ESCC cells and knockdown of RSK2 significantly suppresses anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of ESCC cells. Additionally, lapachol inhibits anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of ESCC cells, and the inhibition of cell growth by lapachol is dependent on the expression of RSK2. We also found that lapachol induces mitochondria-mediated cellular apoptosis by activating caspases-3, -7, and PARP, inducing the expression of cytochrome c and BAX by inhibiting downstream molecules of RSK2. Overall, lapachol is a potent RSK2 inhibitor that might be used for chemotherapy against ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyin Zu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,International Joint Research Center Of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Jardim GAM, Lima DJB, Valença WO, Lima DJB, Cavalcanti BC, Pessoa C, Rafique J, Braga AL, Jacob C, da Silva Júnior EN, da Cruz EHG. Synthesis of Selenium-Quinone Hybrid Compounds with Potential Antitumor Activity via Rh-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation and Click Reactions. Molecules 2017; 23:E83. [PMID: 29301214 PMCID: PMC6017932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our quest for new redox-modulating catalytic antitumor molecules, selenium-containing quinone-based 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized using rhodium-catalyzed C-H bond activation and click reactions. All compounds were evaluated against five types of cancer cell lines: HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells), HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma cells), SF295 (human glioblastoma cells), NCIH-460 (human lung cells) and PC3 (human prostate cancer cells). Some compounds showed good activity with IC50 values below 1 µM. The cytotoxic potential of the naphthoquinoidal derivatives was also evaluated in non-tumor cells, exemplified by L929 cells. Overall, these compounds represent promising new lead derivatives and stand for a new class of chalcogenium-containing derivatives with potential antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A M Jardim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Daisy J B Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60180-900 Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Wagner O Valença
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Daisy J B Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60180-900 Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Bruno C Cavalcanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60180-900 Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60180-900 Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Antonio L Braga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2 1, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo H G da Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Campus B2 1, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Tabrizi L, Talaie F, Chiniforoshan H. Copper(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes of lapachol: synthesis, DNA interaction, and cytotoxicity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3330-3341. [PMID: 27897079 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1254118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Three novel copper(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) complexes of lapachol (Lap) containing 110-phenanthroline (phen) ligand, [M(Lap)2(phen)] (M=Cu(II), 1, Co(II), 2, and Ni(II), 3), have been synthesized and characterized using, elemental analysis and spectroscopic studies. Their interactions with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) were investigated using viscosity, thermal denaturation, circular dichorism, fluorescence quenching, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The DNA cleavage abilities of 1-3 have been studied, where cleavage activity of copper complex 1 is more than the complexes 2 and 3. The in vitro cytotoxic potential of the complexes 1-3 against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells indicated their promising antitumor activity with quite low IC50 values in the range of .15-2.41 μM, which are lower than those of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- a Department of Chemistry , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan 84156-8311 , Iran
| | - Faranak Talaie
- a Department of Chemistry , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan 84156-8311 , Iran
| | - Hossein Chiniforoshan
- a Department of Chemistry , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan 84156-8311 , Iran
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7
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Costa MP, Feitosa AC, Oliveira FC, Cavalcanti BC, da Silva EN, Dias GG, Sales FA, Sousa BL, Barroso-Neto IL, Pessoa C, Caetano EW, Di Fiore S, Fischer R, Ladeira LO, Freire VN. Controlled Release of Nor-β-lapachone by PLGA Microparticles: A Strategy for Improving Cytotoxicity against Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:E873. [PMID: 27384551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in males and it has become a major worldwide public health problem. This study characterizes the encapsulation of Nor-β-lapachone (NβL) in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microcapsules and evaluates the cytotoxicity of the resulting drug-loaded system against metastatic prostate cancer cells. The microcapsules presented appropriate morphological features and the presence of drug molecules in the microcapsules was confirmed by different methods. Spherical microcapsules with a size range of 1.03 ± 0.46 μm were produced with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 19%. Classical molecular dynamics calculations provided an estimate of the typical adsorption energies of NβL on PLGA. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of NβL against PC3M human prostate cancer cells was demonstrated to be significantly enhanced when delivered by PLGA microcapsules in comparison with the free drug.
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8
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Inagaki R, Ninomiya M, Tanaka K, Koketsu M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antileukemic Properties of Naphthoquinone Derivatives of Lawsone. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1413-23. [PMID: 26088596 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are considered privileged structures for anticancer drug molecules. The Heck reaction of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone) with 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-butene offered easy access to lapachol. Several naturally occurring linear and angular heterocyclic quinoids (α-lapachone, β-lapachone, dunnione, and related analogues) were prepared from lapachol. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the synthetic naphthoquinones inhibit cell proliferation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. In particular, angular-type derivatives were found to possess moderate cytotoxicity and to elevate the levels of intracellular glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Our work highlights the significant potential of naturally occurring angular-series naphthoquinones as antileukemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Inagaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 (Japan)
| | - Masayuki Ninomiya
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 (Japan).,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 (Japan)
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Division of Anaerobe Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194 (Japan).,United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medicinal Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194 (Japan)
| | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 (Japan). .,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193 (Japan).
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9
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Wahab Sab BA, Jacob J, Manjunath GG, Singh VK, Mundkinajeedu D, Shankarappa S. Cycloolivil, a lignan from the roots of Stereospermum suaveolens. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:45-8. [PMID: 25598634 PMCID: PMC4285648 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stereospermum suaveolens DC. (Syn. S. chelonoides) belonging to family Bignoniaceae is an important medicinal plant in India. Traditionally, it is mainly used as analgesic, liver stimulant, astringent, wound healing and antidyspeptic. Roots of this plant are one of the ingredients of Dashamularishta. The plant has been studied for many pharmacological actions, only few were concerned with isolation of active compounds. Objective: The present work deals with the isolation and identification of phytochemical constituents present in the roots of Stereospermum suaveolens. Material and Methods: The compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from the methanol extract of S. suaveolens by using open silica gel column chromatography and HPLC was carried out for all the fractions to target the major peaks in fractions. Results and Conclusion: The isolated compounds structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data (UV, IR, 1D-NMR, and MS) and characterized as Cycloolivil (1) reported for the first time from this plant species, Lapachol (2) and β-sitosterol (3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abdul Wahab Sab
- Pharmacognosy, Government College of Pharmacy, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Janani Jacob
- Department of Phytochemistry, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Vineet Kumar Singh
- Department of Phytochemistry, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Mundkinajeedu
- Department of Phytochemistry, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Oliveira Silva E, Cruz de Carvalho T, Parshikov IA, Alves dos Santos R, Silva Emery F, Jacometti Cardoso Furtado NA. Cytotoxicity of lapachol metabolites produced by probiotics. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:108-14. [PMID: 24635204 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Probiotics are currently added to a variety of functional foods to provide health benefits to the host and are commonly used by patients with gastrointestinal complaints or diseases. The therapeutic effects of lapachol continue to inspire studies to obtain derivatives with improved bioactivity and lower unwanted effects. Therefore, the general goal of this study was to show that probiotics are able to convert lapachol and are important to assess the effects of bacterial metabolism on drug performance and toxicity. The microbial transformations of lapachol were carried out by Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus and different metabolites were produced in mixed and isolated cultures. The cytotoxic activities against breast cancer and normal fibroblast cell lines of the isolated metabolites (4α-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,3,4,4α,5,9β-hexahydroindeno[1,2-β]pyran-9β-carboxilic acid, a new metabolite produced by mixed culture and dehydro-α-lapachone produced by isolated cultures) were assessed and compared with those of lapachol. The new metabolite displayed a lower activity against a breast cancer cell line (IC50 = 532.7 μmol l(-1) ) than lapachol (IC50 = 72.3 μmol l(-1) ), while dehydro-α-lapachone (IC50 = 10.4 μmol l(-1) ) displayed a higher activity than lapachol. The present study is the first to demonstrate that probiotics are capable of converting lapachol into the most effective cytotoxic compound against a breast cancer cell line. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Probiotics have been used in dairy products to promote human health and have the ability to metabolize drugs and other xenobiotics. Naphthoquinones, such as lapachol, are considered privileged scaffolds due to their high propensity to interact with biological targets. The present study is the first to demonstrate that probiotics are capable of converting lapachol into the most effective cytotoxic compound against a breast cancer cell line. The developed approach highlights the importance of probiotics to assess the effects of bacterial metabolism on drug performance and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Oliveira Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Abstract
A novel high-performance liquid chromatographic/ultraviolet method was developed to detect lapachol (LP) and deoxylapachol (DLP) in wood dust as chemical markers of teak wood (a suspected human carcinogen). The specificity of this analysis was determined by noting the absence of LP and DLP in 12 other specimens of different woods belonging to the angiosperm family. The consistency was examined by analyzing teak from three different sources, where the percentages (wt/wt) of the chemicals ranged from 0.006 to 0.261 for LP and from 0.038 to 0.497 for DLP, respectively. Although the LP and DLP components of teak varied according to source, a very high correlation coefficient (r (2) > 0.98 always) was found between the content of the two markers in the bulk specimens and in bulk dust derived from them. The method was then applied to teak dust collected on polyvinylchloride filters from aerosol in an exposure chamber in the range of mass loadings between 0.03 and 3.65 mg, which corresponds to a dust exposure between 0.124 and 8.703 mg m(-3) for a sampling time of 2h. A field test was also carried out in a small factory where teak was used. A good correlation was confirmed between LP and DLP versus the dust collected on the filter in both cases. LP and DLP can be markers to estimate the true quantities of teak dust inhaled in a workplace with mixed wood dust, provided the results are matched to the content of LP and DLP in the bulk wood. LP and DLP have also been proposed as the agents responsible for allergic reaction to teak dust. Therefore, it would be useful to evaluate the exposure to these two substances even without a relationship to teak dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Carrieri
- 1.Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2, Padua 35128, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Battista Bartolucci
- 1.Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, via Giustiniani, 2, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Taekhee Lee
- 2.Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ana Barbero
- 2.Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Martin Harper
- 2.Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Cheng VWT, Tran QM, Boroumand N, Rothery RA, Maklashina E, Cecchini G, Weiner JH. A conserved lysine residue controls iron-sulfur cluster redox chemistry in Escherichia coli fumarate reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1827:1141-7. [PMID: 23711795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli respiratory complex II paralogs succinate dehydrogenase (SdhCDAB) and fumarate reductase (FrdABCD) catalyze interconversion of succinate and fumarate coupled to quinone reduction or oxidation, respectively. Based on structural comparison of the two enzymes, equivalent residues at the interface between the highly homologous soluble domains and the divergent membrane anchor domains were targeted for study. This included the residue pair SdhB-R205 and FrdB-S203, as well as the conserved SdhB-K230 and FrdB-K228 pair. The close proximity of these residues to the [3Fe-4S] cluster and the quinone binding pocket provided an excellent opportunity to investigate factors controlling the reduction potential of the [3Fe-4S] cluster, the directionality of electron transfer and catalysis, and the architecture and chemistry of the quinone binding sites. Our results indicate that both SdhB-R205 and SdhB-K230 play important roles in fine tuning the reduction potential of both the [3Fe-4S] cluster and the heme. In FrdABCD, mutation of FrdB-S203 did not alter the reduction potential of the [3Fe-4S] cluster, but removal of the basic residue at FrdB-K228 caused a significant downward shift (>100mV) in potential. The latter residue is also indispensable for quinone binding and enzyme activity. The differences observed for the FrdB-K228 and Sdh-K230 variants can be attributed to the different locations of the quinone binding site in the two paralogs. Although this residue is absolutely conserved, they have diverged to achieve different functions in Frd and Sdh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W T Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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de Oliveira LG, Silva MM, de Paula FCS, Pereira-Maia EC, Donnici CL, de Simone CA, Frézard F, Júnior ENDS, Demicheli C. Antimony(V) and bismuth(V) complexes of lapachol: synthesis, crystal structure and cytotoxic activity. Molecules 2011; 16:10314-23. [PMID: 22158684 PMCID: PMC6264574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules161210314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimony(V) and bismuth(V) complexes of lapachol have been synthesized by the reaction of Ph₃SbCl₂ or Ph₃BiCl₂ with lapachol (Lp) and characterized by several physicochemical techniques such as IR, and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The compounds contain six-coordinated antimony and bismuth atoms. The antimony(V) complex is a monomeric derivative, (Lp)(Ph₃Sb)OH, and the bismuth(V) complex is a dinuclear compound bridged by an oxygen atom, (Lp)₂(Ph₃Bi)₂O. Both compounds inhibited the growth of a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line and the complex of Bi(V) was about five times more active than free lapachol. This work provides a rare example of an organo-Bi(V) complex showing significant cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila G. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Meiriane M. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia C. S. de Paula
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elene C. Pereira-Maia
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudio L. Donnici
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. de Simone
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química Sintética e Heterocíclica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Demicheli
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +55-31-3409-5755; Fax: +55-31-3409-5700
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Costa WF, de Oliveira AB, Nepomuceno JC. Genotoxicity of lapachol evaluated by wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:558-63. [PMID: 21637432 PMCID: PMC3036112 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the genotoxicity of Lapachol (LAP) evaluated by wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster in the descendants from standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses. This assay detects the loss of heterozygosity of marker genes expressed phenotypically on the fly's wings. Drosophila has extensive genetic homology to mammals, which makes it a suitable model organism for genotoxic investigations. Three-day-old larvae from ST crosses (females flr3/TM3, Bds x males mwh/mwh), with basal levels of the cytochrome P450 and larvae of high metabolic bioactivity capacity (HB cross) (females ORR; flr3/TM3, Bds x males mwh/mwh), were used. The results showed that LAP is a promutagen, exhibiting genotoxic activity in larvae from the HB cross. In other words, an increase in the frequency of spots is exclusive of individuals with a high level of the cytochrome P450. The results also indicate that recombinogenicity is the main genotoxic event induced by LAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wender Ferreira Costa
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG Brazil
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