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Zare M, Mardi A, Yeghanenia P, Hackett D. Healthy behaviors and gestational diabetes mellitus in an Iranian setting: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36431. [PMID: 38428905 PMCID: PMC10906607 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the healthy behaviors of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Ardabil in 2020. An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 mothers with GDM in Ardabil in 2020. Self-reported data was collected using a sociodemographic and a lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ) with assistance from health staff. Univariate and multivariate linear regression tests were used to assess risk variables associated with health behaviors and GDM. The total score of the LSQ was 123.6 ± 9.9, which was considered fair or average. The participants' age had a significant relationship with physical health (beta = -.093, P = .004), weight control and nutrition (beta = .094, P = .010), and psychological health (beta = .081, P = .005). Higher educational level was associated with accident prevention (beta = .453, P = .001). Participants' occupation had a significant positive relationship with the prevention of diseases (beta = .925, P = .003). A gravida of the participants was associated with weight control and nutrition (beta = -.497, P = .016). Body mass index was associated with physical health (beta = -.179, P = .001), exercise and fitness (beta = -.149, P = .016), psychological health (beta = -.158, P = .001), accident prevention (beta = .098, P = .023), and total score of LSQ (beta = -.559, P = .006). The findings of this study showed that mothers with GDM had LSQ subscales scores considered fair or average, except for the prevention of diseases and avoidance of drugs, alcohol, and opiates subscales, which were considered good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Afrouz Mardi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Paria Yeghanenia
- Medical Faculty, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Doaei S, Mardi A, Zare M. Role of micronutrients in the modulation of immune system and platelet activating factor in patients with COVID-19; a narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207237. [PMID: 37781112 PMCID: PMC10540693 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary micronutrients may play important roles in the improvement of the immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to assess the effect of micronutrients on platelet activating factor (PAF) and immunity with a special focus on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods All paper published in English on the effects of micronutrients including fat soluble vitamins, water soluble vitamins, and minerals on PAF, immunity, and COVID-19 were collected from online valid databases. Results Vitamin A may modulate the expression of PAF-receptor gene in patients with COVID-19. Vitamin D may modulate inflammatory response through influencing PAF pathway. Vitamin E may improve COVID-19 related heart injuries by exert anti-PAF activities. Vitamin C status may have PAF related anti-inflammatory and micro-thrombotic effects in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Furthermore, some trace elements such as copper, selenium, and iron may have key roles in strengthens immunity by inactivate PAF acetyl hydrolase. Conclusion This narrative review study highlighted the importance of micronutrients in the improvement of immune function through modulation of PAF in patients with COVID-19. Further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrouz Mardi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
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Sadeghi S, Shadman A, Mardi A, Hackett D. Reactions and perspectives of medical students on workplace violence during clinical training in Ardabil, Iran, 2020. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:435. [PMID: 37312134 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence continues among medical students in training. This study aimed to determine the reactions and perspectives of medical students against workplace violence during clinical training in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in Iran, 2020. MATERIALS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 medical students from April to March 2020, in the Ardabil university hospitals. Students with at least one year training in the university hospitals were eligible to participate. Data was collected via questionnaires administered in the health ward. Data was analyzed through SPSS 23 software. RESULTS Most respondents had experienced workplace violence in the form of verbal (63%), physical (25.7%), racial (23%) and sexual (3%) violence during clinical training. Men were the aggressors during violence of a physical (80.5%), verbal (69.8%), racial (76.8%) and sexual (100%) nature (p < 0.001). When encountered with violence, 36% of the respondents did not take any action and 82.7% of respondents failed to report the incident. For 67.8% of respondents that did not report of violence incident, this procedure was deemed pointless, while 27% of respondents considered the violent incident insignificant. The main reason for workplace violence was perceived to be a lack of awareness of people about staff duties (67.3% of respondents). According to 92.7% of respondents personnel training was the most important factor in preventing workplace violence. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the majority of medical students during clinical training in Ardabil Iran (2020) have been exposed to workplace violence. However, most students did not take any action or report the incident. Targeted personnel training, increase awareness of workplace violence, and encouragement of reporting these incidents should be promoted to reduce violence to medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Sadeghi
- Medical faculty, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Atefeh Shadman
- Specialist of community and preventive medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Afrouz Mardi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Mardi A, Kamran A, Pourfarzi F, Zare M, Hajipour A, Doaei S, Abediasl N, Hackett D. Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1161894. [PMID: 37312883 PMCID: PMC10259402 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1161894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) may cause inflammation and increased cytokine secretion. Dietary factors may play an important role in enhancing the immune responses against infectious diseases such as SARS-COV-2. This narrative review aims to determine the effectiveness of macronutrients and probiotics to improve immunity in SARS-COV-2 patients. Dietary proteins may boost pulmonary function in SARS-COV-2 patients through inhibitory effects on the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and reduce Angiotensin (ANG-II). Moreover, omega-3 fatty acids may improve oxygenation, acidosis, and renal function. Dietary fiber may also produce anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the level of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin (IL-6), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). In addition, some evidence indicates that probiotics significantly improve oxygen saturation which may enhance survival rate. In conclusion, the consumption of a healthy diet including adequate macronutrients and probiotic intake may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress. Following this dietary practice is likely to strengthen the immune system and have beneficial effects against SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz Mardi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Kamran
- School of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Abediasl
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Zare M, Mardi A, Gaffari-moggadam M, Nezhad-dadgar N, Abazari M, Shadman A, Ziapour A. Reproductive health status of adolescent mothers in an Iranian setting: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Health 2022; 19:89. [PMID: 35366937 PMCID: PMC8976956 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where millions of women give birth before the age of 18, the reproductive health status of married adolescent mothers, including family planning, sexual, psychosocial, and maternal health, remains a significant and recurring phenomenon. As a result, the purpose of this study was to assess the reproductive health status of married adolescent mothers who sought treatment at Ardabil health care centers in 2019.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in five health centers in Ardabil, Iran. This research included 312 married adolescent mothers who were under 19 years old. Health workers who asked questions of each participant completed a demographic questionnaire and the Reproductive Health Assessment Scale for Married Adolescent Women, and all data were self-reported. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were used to determine risk factors associated with reproductive health scores. The data was examined using statistical software (SPSS version 20).
Results
The mean age (years) of the respondents was 16.41 ± 0.85, the mean age of their husbands was 24.18 ± 2.29, and the mean age of their marriage was 15.06 ± 1.15. In this study, adolescent mothers had an average reproductive health score of 63.78 ± 11.06. There was a significant association between reproductive health status and age, education, husband’s age and education, and contraceptive methods among married adolescent mothers (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The research findings indicated that adolescent mothers had an average level of reproductive health. Several socio-demographic characteristics, including age, education, gravida, and contraception, were linked to reproductive health scores. Programmers and policymakers should prioritize improving the reproductive health of adolescent mothers through education and increasing women’s and spouses’ knowledge and awareness.
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seifi S, Shadman A, Mardi A, Moradi asl E. Pelvic hydatid cyst presentation as an ovarian torsion: A rare case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022; 10:2050313X221136997. [DOI: 10.1177/2050313x221136997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a global prevalence, especially in the Mediterranean region. We encountered a 37-year-old woman referred to the emergency department complaining of severe abdominal pain and spotting. After the emergency ultrasound, she underwent laparotomy with the diagnosis of missed ovarian torsion and was diagnosed as a hydatid cyst. We were prompted to report this case regarding the rarity of this cyst and its presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz seifi
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Afrouz Mardi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Eslam Moradi asl
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
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Ardekani MA, Ghaffari H, Mardi A, Refahi S. A historical literature review on the role of posterior axillary boost field in the axillary lymph node coverage and development of lymphedema following regional nodal irradiation in breast cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2021; 26:635-646. [PMID: 34434580 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate whether (1) a posterior axillary boost (PAB) field is an optimal method to target axillary lymph nodes (LNs); and (2) the addition of a PAB increases the incidence of lymphedema, a systematic review was undertaken. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database. A total of 16 studies were evaluated. There were no randomized studies. Seven articles have investigated dosimetric aspects of a PAB. The remaining 9 articles have determined the effect of a PAB field on the risk of lymphedema. Only 2 of 9 articles have prospectively reported the impact of a PAB on the risk of lymphedema development. There are conflicting reports on the necessity of a PAB. The PAB field provides a good coverage of level I/II axillary LNs because these nodes are usually at a greater depth. The main concern regarding a PAB is that it produces a hot spot in the anterior region of the axilla. Planning studies optimized a traditional PAB field. Prospective studies and the vast majority of retrospective studies have reported the use of a PAB field does not result in increasing the risk of lymphedema development over supraclavicular-only field. The controversies in the incidence of lymphedema suggest that field design may be more important than field arrangement. A key factor regarding the use of a PAB is the depth of axillary LNs. The PAB field should not be used unless there is an absolute indication for its application. Clinicians should weigh lymphedema risk in individual patients against the limited benefit of a PAB, in particular after axillary dissection. The testing of the inclusion of upper arm lymphatics in the regional LN irradiation target volume, and universal methodology measuring lymphedema are all areas for possible future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Afkhami Ardekani
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghaffari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrouz Mardi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Soheila Refahi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Mardi A, Ebadi A, Behboodi-Moghadam Z, Abazari M, Nezhad-Dadgar N, Shadman A. Developing and Psychometric Evaluation of a Reproductive Health Assessment Scale for Married Adolescent Women: An Exploratory Mixed-Method Study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2021; 26:266-271. [PMID: 34277379 PMCID: PMC8262531 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_238_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Adolescent women's reproductive health is often neglected despite the high prevalence of early marriage. Since no appropriate scales were found to assess the health status of adolescent women, this study aimed to develop a reproductive health scale in married adolescent women in Iran and investigate its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods An exploratory mixed-methods study was conducted in Ardabil healthcare centers (Ardabil City, Iran) between May 2017 and December 2018. In the qualitative phase, 14 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with married adolescent women, and two focus group discussions were held with 12 key informants. In the quantitative phase, the initial scales were validated using face, content, and construct validities. In a cross-sectional study among 300 women, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to assess the construct validity. Internal consistency and test-retest methods were used to review. The initial scale was designed with 45 items, but only 30 items reached the construct validity stage. EFA revealed five factors that explained 50.96% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.75 estimates the reliability of the scale. Results The qualitative study identified 76 items that reached 88 items through literature confirmed its reliability, and test-retest with a two-week interval confirmed its consistency (ICC = 0.99, p < 0.001). Finally, the scale was approved with 27 items and four domains: sexual, pregnancy and childbirth, psychosocial, and family planning. Conclusions This valid and reliable scale with cultural sensitivity can be used to help health professionals to improve the reproductive health of married adolescent women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz Mardi
- Health School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Malek Abazari
- School of Health, Ardabil, University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nazila Nezhad-Dadgar
- Department of Health Care Services and Health Education, School of Health, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Atefeh Shadman
- School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Ziapour A, Sharma M, NeJhaddadgar N, Mardi A, Tavafian SS. Study of Adolescents' Puberty, Adolescence Training Program: The Application of Intervention Mapping Approach. Int Q Community Health Educ 2020; 42:5-14. [PMID: 32903158 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x20956485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a significant period of life which is crucial for life long health. The purpose of the study was to develop a puberty intervention-training program using an intervention mapping approach (IMA). METHODS The present study was a study protocol where IMA was used as a planning framework for developing a puberty intervention-training program (PITP). Six intervention mapping steps have been described in this protocol. As the first step, needs assessment was performed by reviewing the studies, qualitative evaluation, and interviews. In the second step, the matrix of change objectives was designed from the intersection of performance goals and determinants. Later on, after designing the program and planning the program implementation, the program evaluation plan was developed. RESULTS IMA guided us in designing and implementing a control-oriented training program with the participation of the participants along with the definition of outcomes, performance goals and determinants, theoretical methods and practical applications, intervention program, implementation and step by step assessment. CONCLUSION Intervention mapping is a control-oriented, systematic, participation-based approach to design and implement targeted and on-going health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ziapour
- Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Behavioral & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Nazila NeJhaddadgar
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Afrouz Mardi
- School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science
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Ziapour A, Sharma M, NeJhaddadgar N, Mardi A, Tavafian SS. Educational needs assessment among 10-14-year-old girls about puberty adolescent health of Ardebil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 78:5. [PMID: 32025298 PMCID: PMC6996169 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-019-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the educational needs of 10–14-year-old girls about adolescent puberty health in Ardabil City in Iran, the matter of adolescent puberty health is one of the most important health priorities, especially for girls. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was performed on girl students through stratified-cluster sampling in Ardabil city. The data gathering tool was a self-reported researcher-designed questionnaire consisting of 10 demographic questions and 35 self-care questions in 5 domains of self-care awareness, self-efficacy, enablers, enhancers and behaviors, based on the reviewed articles and resources. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test, correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the quantitative data. Results The mean age of the girls was 12.98 ± 4.67. There was a significant relationship between the mother’s level of education (p < 0.001) and students ‘knowledge about puberty and between mother’s age (p < 0.002) and students’ awareness of self-care behaviors during adolescence. The results of this study showed that 73.8% of girls were aware of puberty and menstruation problems. About 74.3% of girls had poor self-efficacy. About 77% of female students in the study did not have access to the required educational resources and classes that are one of the most important enablers of behavior formation. Eighty-eight percent of the families did not talk about the hygiene practices related to their children. The most common source of information about maternal health related practices was from mothers (64.8%). Correlation test between adolescents’ health behavior and awareness (r = 0.12 p < 0.007) and between self-efficacy and health behaviors (r = 0.14, p < 0.001) revealed significant and positive relationships. Conclusion There is a need among adolescent girls for information about adolescent health and related health behaviors. Currently there is lack of adequate and accurate information. The role of mothers is the most important source of information for adolescent girls and educational approaches for mothers and adolescents should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ziapour
- 1Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Manoj Sharma
- 2Behavioral & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Nazila NeJhaddadgar
- 3Health Promotion and Education, Department of Health Promotion and Education, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Afrouz Mardi
- 4Reproductive Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
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NeJhaddadgar N, Ziapour A, Abbas J, Mardi A, Zare M. Correlation between general health and sexual function in older women in an Iranian setting. J Educ Health Promot 2020; 9:300. [PMID: 33426104 PMCID: PMC7774623 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_316_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The world's population is aging and this trend continues. Older adults are living healthier and longer than in the last decades and their sexual function should also be considered along with their general health. This study aimed to examine the correlation between general health and sexual function in elderly women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional correlation study, 1245 women over 60 years old were selected in Ardabil health-care centers by a convenient sampling method. Demographic data of all participants were noted and general health and sexual function were evaluated by the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire. RESULTS The participants' mean ± standard deviation age was 75.1 ± 7.2 years, most of the women (40.08%) were illiterate, and the majority of them were living with their married (44.81%) or single children (27.14%). The general health score for 380 older women (30.52%) was under 22 (healthy). About 60% of the women had engaged in sexual activity during the past 4 weeks, and the total mean score of FSFI was 17.36 ± 1.44. In addition, 84.33% of the women had sexual dysfunction (FSFI < 26.55). The age (P < 0.05), educational level (P < 0.001), living with children (P < 0.01), and general health status (P < 0.01) were found to be significantly related to sexual function. The total scores for FSFI and the scores for all domains except for satisfaction were in positive correlation with the score for the total and all domains of general health (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Sexual function in elderly women is affected by several factors, such as general health. Therefore, to promote successful aging in women, sexual function and general health require more attention when implementing women's health initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila NeJhaddadgar
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Ziapour
- PhD Student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jaffar Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Afrouz Mardi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Afrouz Mardi, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
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Mardi A, Ebadi A, Moghadam ZB, Shahbazi S. Perceptions of teenage women about marriage in adolescence in an Iranian setting: A qualitative study. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6292-6298. [PMID: 29629050 PMCID: PMC5878021 DOI: 10.19082/6292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Early marriage threatens the health and human rights of millions of girls all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of Iranian teenage women about marriage in adolescence. Methods A qualitative study was conducted based on the conventional content analysis approach on 14 teenage married women (aged13–19 years) who attended all urban-rural healthcare centers (4 centers) in Ardabil, Iran between May 2016 and Jan 2017. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Purposeful sampling was continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Landman strategies. Results The mean age at marriage was 13.2 (SD=1.25) years and the duration of marital life ranged from 45 days to 3 years. During the data analysis, three main categories were extracted that each of them consisted of three sub-categories. The main categories, included “a false sense of sexual development”, “death of dreams”, and “threatened independence”. Conclusion Results of this study revealed that teenage women could not comprehend opportunities in life. These findings could help health care providers and policy makers to provide teenage women with special care and better support to prevent negative consequences of early marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz Mardi
- Ph.D. Candidate in Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Lecturer, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Professor in Nursing, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Ph.D. in Reproductive Health, Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahbazi
- Ph.D. in Reproductive Health, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Mardi A, Ebadi A, Shahbazi S, Esmaelzade Saeieh S, Behboodi Moghadam Z. Factors influencing the use of contraceptives through the lens of teenage women: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:202. [PMID: 29382304 PMCID: PMC5791335 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One out of seven teenage girls in developing countries marries before the age of 15. While the fertility rate of teenage girls is high, the rate of contraceptive use remains low; therefore, this group of teenagers needs reproductive healthcare. This study was undertaken to explore factors influencing the use of contraceptives from the perspective of teenage women living in the city of Ardabil in Iran. Methods This qualitative study was conducted with 14 married women aged 13–19 years who attended in urban-rural healthcare centers in Ardabil. Eligible women were recruited using purposive sampling and were invited to take part in individual in-depth semi-structured interviews. The duration of the interviews varied from 45 to 90 min with an average of 55 min. Sampling continued until data saturation was reached and no new data was collected. Each interview was tape-recorded after obtaining the participant’s permission, transcribed verbatim and analyzed for identifying categories and themes using conventional content analysis. Results Three themes and eight subthemes were developed. The themes were as follows: “insufficient familiarity with contraceptive methods”, “pressure to become pregnant” and “misconceptions”. Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of early marriage in Iranian society, teenage women are not empowered or prepared for marriage and birth control. Sexual and reproductive healthcare services to teenage women should be improved to meet their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz Mardi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty of Baghiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahbazi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tohid Square, Eastern-Nosrat Street, Tehran, 1419733171, Iran.
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Tazakori Z, Mardi A, Karimollahi M. ABORTION RELATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN IN ARDABIL: A CASE CONTROL STUDY. Maturitas 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(09)70520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Atad J, Auslender R, Bardicef M, Calderon I, Hallak M, Abramovici H, Caliskan E, Ozkan S, Yalcinkaya O, Turkoz E, Polat A, Corakci A, Numanoglu N, Seyhan A, Usta T, Sidal B, Ertas E, Kalyoncu S, Kahyaoglu S, Yilmaz B, Ozel M, Mollamahmutoglu L, Oral H, Mardi A, Molavi P, Tazakori Z, Mashoufi M, Arikan G, Giuliani A, Kocak I, Yusuf AY, Üstün C, Tasdemir S, Torgac M, Gürkan N, Kocak I, Üstün C, Verit F, Artuc H, Sen S, Güngör ES, Mollamahmutoglu L, Danisman N, Biri A, Onan MA, Korucuoglu U, Taner MZ, Tiras MB, Himmetoglu O, Özbay K, Inanmis RA, Duvan C, Atabey S, Bolkan F, Turhan N, Dilmen G, Ingec M, Borekci B, Altas S, Kadanali S, Yucer G, Sagsoz N, Yucel A, Noyan V, Kurdoglu Z, Kurdoglu M, Onan MA, Bozkurt N, Gunaydin G, Taner Z, Himmetoglu O, Tuncay YA, Bilgic E, Kirecci A, Sezginsoy S, Yücel N, Güzin K, Kayabasoglu F, Kirecci A, Tuncay Y, Kanadikirik F, Balta O, Duran B, Yanar O, Salk S, Erden Ö, Cetin M, Binici K, Yildirim G, Yetkin YG, Tekirdag A, Bozdag G, Salman MC, Ozyuncu O, Basaran A, Yigit-Celik N, Kizilkilic-Parlakgumus A, Ayhan A, Kepkep K, Tuncay YA, Karaaslan I, Teksen A, Uysal A, Erdem G, Usai D, Tanriverdi HA, Cinar E, Barut A, Yücesoy G, Özkan S, Yildiz M, Bodur H, Cakiroglu Y, Caliskan E, Caliskan E, Doger E, Cakiroglu Y, Ozkan S, Ozeren S, Corakci A, Caliskan E, Dundar D, Caliskan S, Cakiroglu Y, Tekin A, Ozeren S. General obstetrics. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02954777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Refahi S, Pourissa M, Refahi R, Mardi A, Refahi S, Pourissa M, Refahi R, Mardi A, Mashoufi M, Jabbarzadeh T, Gezginc K, Celik C, Bala A, Acar A, Cicek MN, Akyürek C, Tanriverdi HA, Cinar E, Akbulut V, Barut A, Haberal A, Kayikcioglu F, Erol O, Gunes M, Secilmis O, Altunyurt S, Gol M, Altunyurt S, Sezer O, Demir N, Taskin S, Özmen B, Kahveci T, Sezginkurt E, Seval M, Ünlü C, Özmen B, Taskin S, Seval M, Bayramov V, Sari E, Ünlü C, Biri A, Kurdoglu M, Kurdoglu Z, Gultekin S, Gursel T, Topuz S, Citil I, Akhan SE, Berkman S, Turp A, Günaydin G, Onan A, Erdem A, Himmetoglu Ö, Usal D, Tanriverdi HA, Akbulut V, Cinar E, Barut A, Bayar Ü, Sade H, Tanriverdi HA, Usal D, Barut A, Tanriverdi HA, Sade H, Barut A, Bayar Ü. Gynecologic & obstetric imaging. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02954778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mardi A, Rahimi G, Amani M, Mashoufi M, Kheirkhah M, Ghaffari NM, Pierovi T, Soleimani RJ, Vanlioglu F, Karaman Y, Bingol B, Tavmergen E, Akdogan A, Akman A, Levi R, Tavmergen GEN, Ates U, Seyhan A, Atmaca U, Ortakuz S, Ata B, Akar S, Usta T, Özdemir B, Sidal B, Yoldemir T, Gee A, Sutherland P, Bowman M, Fraser IS, Haydardedeoglu B, Bagis T, Kilicdag EB, Simsek E, Aslan E, Zeyneloglu HB, Kahyaoglu S, Turgay I, Ertas E, Yilmaz B, Var T, Batioglu S, Muftuoglu K, Tekcan C, Naki MM, Uysal A, Güzin K, Yücel N, Kanadikirik F, Kelekci S, Savan K, Kalyoncu S, Gokturk U, Oral H, Mollamahmutoglu L, Ertas IE, Mollamahmutoglu L, Kahveci S, Dogan M, Mollamahmutoglu L, Isik A, Saygili U, Gol M, Koyuncuoglu M, Uslu T, Erten O, Ciftci B, Biri A, Bozkurt N, Karabacak O, Himmetoglu O, Amir JN, Nouri M, Hascalik S, Celik O, Parlakpinar H, Mizrak B, Ozsahin M, Önder C, Gezginc K, Colakoglu M, Demir SC, Cetin MT, Kadayifci O, Güzel AB, Polat I, Yildirim G, Özdemir A, Tekirdag AI, Kizkin S, Engin-Ustun Y, Ustun Y, Ozcan C, Serbest S, Ozisik HI, Ergenoglu M, Goker ENT, Uckuyu A, Ozcimen EE, Nisanoglu O, Onal C, Akgun S, Koc S, Cebi Z, Sönmez S, Yasar L, Küpelioglu L, Bilecan S, Aygün M, Zebitay AG, Dursun P, Ötegen Ü, Bozdag G, Yarali H, Demirci F, Mun S, Eraydin E, Sadik S, Sipahi C, Bayol Ü, Sarikaya S, Garipoglu DE, Delilbasi L, Gursoy R, Engin-Ustun Y, Meydanli MM, Atmaca R, Kafkasli A, Canda MT, Kucuk M, Bagriyanik HA, Ozyurt D, Canda T, Güven MA, Tamsoy S, Kaymak O, Ozkale D, Okyay RE, Neslihanoglu R, Mollamahmutoglu L, Basaran A, Gultekin M, Saygili YE, Esinler I, Bayer U, Gunalp S, Aksu T, Gultekin M, Leventerler H, Taga S, Cetin T, Solmaz S, Dikmen N, Karalök H, Ilter E, Tufekci C, Yilmaz S, Karalök AE, Batur O, Kilicdag E, Haydardedeoglu B, Tarim E, Api M, Gültekin E, Görgen H, Cetin A, Yayla M, Özkilic T, Arikan I, Abali R, Arikan D, Bozkurt S, Demir B, Gunalp S, Erden AC, Özcan J, Yazicioglu F, Demirbas R. Endocrinology and reproductive medicine. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02954773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fryauff DJ, Tuti S, Mardi A, Masbar S, Patipelohi R, Leksana B, Kain KC, Bangs MJ, Richie TL, Baird JK. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in transmigration settlements of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998; 59:513-8. [PMID: 9790420 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Malariometric surveys were conducted during July 1996 in native Dayak villages and predominantly Javanese transmigration settlements in Ketapang district of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Malaria prevalence ranged from 0.9% to 2.7% in Dayak villages and from 1% to 20% in the transmigration settlements. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 67% of the cases among Dayaks but P. vivax was dominant among transmigrants, accounting for more than 72% of the infections. Chloroquine sensitivity/resistance was assessed by 28-day in vivo testing of uncomplicated malaria infections and measurement of chloroquine blood levels in cases where parasitemias reappeared within the 28-day test period. Resistance was based on the appearance of asexual parasites against chloroquine plus desethylchloroquine levels exceeding the minimally effective whole blood concentrations proposed for sensitive parasite strains (P. vivax, 100 ng/ml; P. falciparum, 200 ng/ml). All parasitemias cleared initially within four days of beginning supervised chloroquine therapy (25 mg base/kg over a 48-hr period), but asexual parasites reappeared within 28 days in 27 of 52 P. vivax and three of 12 P. falciparum cases. Chloroquine blood levels at the time of recurrent parasitemias revealed resistance in 12 of the 27 P. vivax cases and in one of the three P. falciparum cases. Genotypes of nine of the 12 recurrent P. vivax isolates matched with their primary isolates and ruled out reinfection. These findings establish the presence of chloroquine-resistant P. vivax on the island of Borneo. The pattern of malaria and the high frequency of chloroquine resistance by P. vivax at the West Kalimantan location may relate to demographic, ecologic, agricultural, and socioeconomic changes associated with transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Fryauff
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Jakarta, Indonesia
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