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Labis JP, Albrithen HA, Hezam M, Ali Shar M, Algarni A, Alhazaa AN, El-Toni AM, Alduraibi MA. Optimization of Pulsed Laser Ablation and Radio-Frequency Sputtering Tandem System for Synthesis of 2D/3D Al 2O 3-ZnO Nanostructures: A Hybrid Approach to Synthesis of Nanostructures for Gas Sensing Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1345. [PMID: 37110931 PMCID: PMC10146389 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a unique hybrid approach to design and synthesize 2D/3D Al2O3-ZnO nanostructures by simultaneous deposition is presented. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and RF magnetron sputtering (RFMS) methods are redeveloped into a single tandem system to create a mixed-species plasma to grow ZnO nanostructures for gas sensing applications. In this set-up, the parameters of PLD have been optimized and explored with RFMS parameters to design 2D/3D Al2O3-ZnO nanostructures, including nanoneedles/nanospikes, nanowalls, and nanorods, among others. The RF power of magnetron system with Al2O3 target is explored from 10 to 50 W, while the ZnO-loaded PLD's laser fluence and background gases are optimized to simultaneously grow ZnO and Al2O3-ZnO nanostructures. The nanostructures are either grown via 2-step template approach, or by direct growth on Si (111) and MgO<0001> substrates. In this approach, a thin ZnO template/film was initially grown on the substrate by PLD at ~300 °C under ~10 milliTorr (1.3 Pa) O2 background pressure, followed by growth of either ZnO or Al2O3-ZnO, using PLD and RFMS simultaneously under 0.1-0.5 Torr (13-67 Pa), and Ar or Ar/O2 background in the substrate temperate range of 550-700 °C. Growth mechanisms are then proposed to explain the formation of Al2O3-ZnO nanostructures. The optimized parameters from PLD-RFMS are then used to grow nanostructures on Au-patterned Al2O3-based gas sensor to test its response to CO gas from 200 to 400 °C, and a good response is observed at ~350 °C. The grown ZnO and Al2O3-ZnO nanostructures are quite exceptional and remarkable and have potential applications in optoelectronics, such in bio/gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselito Puzon Labis
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A. Albrithen
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Hezam
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ali Shar
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Algarni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz N. Alhazaa
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed El-Toni
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alharbi A, Junker B, Alduraibi M, Algarni A, Weimar U, Bârsan N. The Role of Different Lanthanoid and Transition Metals in Perovskite Gas Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21248462. [PMID: 34960553 PMCID: PMC8715746 DOI: 10.3390/s21248462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with LaFeO3, a prominent perovskite-structured material used in the field of gas sensing, various perovskite-structured materials were prepared using sol–gel technique. The composition was systematically modified by replacing La with Sm and Gd, or Fe with Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni. The materials synthesized are comparable in grain size and morphology. DC resistance measurements performed on gas sensors reveal Fe-based compounds solely demonstrated effective sensing performance of acetylene and ethylene. Operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy shows the sensing mechanism is dependent on semiconductor properties of such materials, and that surface reactivity plays a key role in the sensing response. The replacement of A-site with various lanthanoid elements conserves surface reactivity of AFeO3, while changes at the B-site of LaBO3 lead to alterations in sensor surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alharbi
- National Center for Nanotechnology and Semiconductors, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Benjamin Junker
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.J.); (U.W.)
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Alduraibi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Algarni
- National Center for Nanotechnology and Semiconductors, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Udo Weimar
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.J.); (U.W.)
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicolae Bârsan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (B.J.); (U.W.)
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Alduraibi M, Hezam M, Al-Ruhaimi B, El-Toni AM, Algarni A, Abdel-Rahman M, Qing W, Aldwayyan A. Rapid Room-Temperature Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO 2 Sub-Microspheres and Their Enhanced Light Harvesting in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10030413. [PMID: 32120982 PMCID: PMC7152857 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Submicron sized mesoporous spheres of TiO2 have been a potential alternative to overcome the light scattering limitations of TiO2 nanoparticles in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Currently available methods for the growth of mesoporous TiO2 sub-microspheres involve long and relatively high temperature multi-stage protocols. In this work, TiO2 mesoporous sub-microspheres composed of ~5 nm anatase nanocrystallites were successfully synthesized using a rapid one-pot room-temperature CTAB-based solvothermal synthesis. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that the grown structures have pure anatase phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that by reducing the surfactant/precursor concentration ratio, the morphology could be tuned from monodispersed nanoparticles into sub-micron sized mesoporous beads with controllable sizes (50–200 nm) and with good monodispersity as well. The growth mechanism is explained in terms of the competition between homogeneous nucleation/growth events versus surface energy induced agglomeration in a non-micelle CTAB-based soft templating environment. Further, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using the synthesized samples and characterized for their current-voltage characteristics. Interestingly, the DSSC prepared with 200 nm TiO2 sub-microspheres, with reduced surface area, has shown close efficiency (5.65%) to that of DSSC based on monodispersed 20 nm nanoparticles (5.79%). The results show that light scattering caused by the agglomerated sub-micron spheres could compensate for the larger surface areas provided by monodispersed nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alduraibi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.-R.); (A.A.)
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Mahmoud Hezam
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Bader Al-Ruhaimi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.-R.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Mohamed El-Toni
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, CMRDI, Helwan 11421, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Algarni
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.-R.); (A.A.)
- National Center for Nanotechnology and Semiconductors, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Abdel-Rahman
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wang Qing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore;
| | - Abdullah Aldwayyan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.-R.); (A.A.)
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Algarni A, Greenman J, Madden LA. PO-48 - Assessment of the procoagulant potential state of tumour-MP in cancer patients. Thromb Res 2016; 140 Suppl 1:S194. [PMID: 27161737 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(16)30181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The venous thromboembolism is considered one of the highest risk factor in cancer patients for instance ovarian and pancreas. This hypercoagulability state is believed to be caused by tumour cells that can produce a variety of procaogulant factors including tissue factor (TF) bearing microparticles (MP). Chemotherapy is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients and it can leads to coagulation activation and may increase microparticles that can increase risk of thrombosis. AIM Therefore, our current hypothesis is that this increased risk of VTE is due to release of tumour MP into the blood. To further investigate this mechanism an ex-vivo microfluidic model system was developed wherein tumour spheroids were grown and transferred onto a microfluidic chip and assessed, under flow conditions, for procoagulant activity (PCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumour spheroids from pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC1 and human glioblastoma cell line U87 were generated using the liquid overlay method in a 96-well plate, then transferred to a microfluidic chip, designed with a trap within the device to immobilise the spheroid. The procoagulant potential of cell-free supernatant was measured using a prothrombin time clotting assay. Procoagulant activity was assessed under flow rate of 3.0 μL min-1 for 6 hours. RESULTS Several tumour cell lines (A2780, SKOV3, MIA Paca2, AsPC1 and U87) were assessed for PCA of media (MP associated) and then subsequently assessed for spheroid formation. Prothrombin time of cell-free media was A2780: 794s, SKOV3: 203.4s, MIA Paca2: 412s, AsPC1: 69s and U87: 50.3s. The pancreatic cell line AsPC-1 and glioblastoma cell line U87 were selected for further study on the basis of relatively high PCA and ability to form stable spheroids. When transferred to a microfluidic chip, AsPC1 tumour spheroids showed a slowing of PCA of media over a 6-hour period from 36.6 to 309s. U87 tumour spheroids showed a reduction in PCA of media over a 6-hour period from 51.3 to 108.9s. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of tumour spheroids maintained in a microfluidic device and then subsequently assessed for PCA. Tumour spheroids of AsPC1 were shown to produce continuous procaogulant activity and this is presumably due to tumour microparticle release. This new model system offers a way to assess tumour associated PCA under flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Algarni
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - J Greenman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - L A Madden
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Alomari N, Algarni A, Aldaham S, Acuna J. Association between primary site of melanoma and survival of United States adult patients. HAMDAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.7707/hmj.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kachanathu S, Tyagi P, Anand P, Hameed U, Algarni A. Effect of Core Stabilization Training on Dynamic Balance in Professional Soccer Players. Phys Rehab Kur Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kachanathu
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - P. Tyagi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Fardabad, India
| | - P. Anand
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Fardabad, India
| | - U. Hameed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Algarni
- Department of Orthopedics, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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