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Zadehnazari A, Khosropour A, Altaf AA, Rosen AS, Abbaspourrad A. Tetrazine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks With Acid Sensing and Photocatalytic Activity. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2311042. [PMID: 38140890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis and comprehensive characterization of two vinyl tetrazine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COF), TA-COF-1 and TA-COF-2, are reported. These materials exhibit high crystallinity and high specific surface areas of 1323 and 1114 m2 g-1. The COFs demonstrate favorable band positions and narrow band gaps suitable for light-driven applications. These advantages enable TA-COFs to act as reusable metal-free photocatalysts in the arylboronic acids oxidation and light-induced coupling of benzylamines. In addition, these TA-COFs show acid sensing capabilities, exhibiting visible and reversible color changes upon exposure to HCl solution, HCl vapor, and NH3 vapor. Further, the TA-COFs outperform a wide range of previously reported COF photocathodes. The tetrazine linker in the COF skeleton represents a significant advancement in the field of COF synthesis, enhancing the separation efficiency of charge carriers during the photoreaction and contributing to their photocathodic properties. TA-COFs can also degrade 5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO), an insensitive explosive present in industrial wastewater, in 20 min in a sunlight-driven photocatalytic process; thus, revealing dual functionality of the protonated TA-COFs as both photodegradation and Brønsted acid catalysts. This pioneering work opens new avenues for harnessing the potential of the tetrazine linker in COF-based materials, facilitating advances in catalysis, sensing, and other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zadehnazari
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ahmadreza Khosropour
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrew S Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Zarei A, Khosropour A, Khazdooz L, Amirjalayer S, Khojastegi A, Zadehnazari A, Zhao Y, Abbaspourrad A. Substitution and Orientation Effects on the Crystallinity and PFAS Adsorption of Olefin-Linked 2D COFs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:9483-9494. [PMID: 38319251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Solid phase adsorbents with high removal affinity for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous environments are sought. We report the synthesis and investigation of COF-I, a new covalent organic framework (COF) with a good affinity for PFAS adsorption. COF-I was synthesized by the condensation reaction between 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine and 2,3-dimethoxyterephthaldehyde and fully characterized. In addition to the high crystallinity and surface area, COF-I showed high hydrolytic and thermal stability. Further, we converted its hydrophobic surface to a hydrophilic surface by converting the ortho-methoxy groups to hydroxyl derivatives and produced a new hydrophilic olefin-linked two-dimensional (2D) COF. We experimentally measured the crystallinity of both COFs by X-ray diffraction and used atomistic simulations coupled with cross-polarization/magic angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS ssNMR) to determine the relative amounts of AA-stacking and AB-stacking present. COF-I, with its hydrophobic surface and methoxy groups in the ortho positions, showed the best PFAS adsorption. COF-I reduced the concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid from 20 to 0.069 μg L-1 and to 0.052 μg L-1 for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. These amounts are lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency advisory level (0.070 μg L-1). High efficiency, fast kinetic adsorption, and reusability of COF-I are advantages of COF-I for PFAS removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zarei
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ahmadreza Khosropour
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Leila Khazdooz
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute for Solid State Theory, Center for Nanotechnology and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Anahita Khojastegi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Amin Zadehnazari
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Altaf AA, Khosropour A, Zadehnazari A, Abbaspourrad A. Lithium Pyrene Squarate Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Lithium and Magnesium Separation from Salt Water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:19672-19681. [PMID: 37018748 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing pressure for lithium resources from the electric vehicle and nuclear energy industries means that new technologies to separate Mg2+ from Li+ from salt water are in demand. To address this need, we fabricated lithium pyrene squarate covalent organic frameworks (Li-SQCOFs) to separate Mg2+/Li+ mixtures from salt water. We optimized the effect of the electrolyte and the amount of the adsorbent and then carried out a kinetics study on the adsorbent recovery at various pH levels using both batch and continuous flow adsorption methods. Li-SQCOF was found to have excellent selectivity for solutions containing a mixture of Mg2+/Li+ ions. This work represents a unique path for the separation of Mg2+/Li+ through direct adsorption using a covalent organic framework (COF). The COF-supported ultrafiltration bed made in this study gave a Mg2+ separation flux of 60.5 h-1 m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
| | - Ahmadreza Khosropour
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
| | - Amin Zadehnazari
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
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Jafarian F, Bordbar AK, Zare A, Khosropour A. The performance of immobilized Candida rugosa lipase on various surface modified graphene oxide nanosheets. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1166-1174. [PMID: 29371152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) and its functionalization with 2, 4, 6-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazine (TCT) through two routes, (a) directly reaction of GON with TCT (GON-1), and (b) reaction of GON with pre-functionalized TCT with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) (GON-2). Subsequently, GON, GON-1 and GON-2 have been used as supports for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). Several techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, UV-Vis, CHNS, FTIR and AFM were applied to characterize the nano-structures and success of synthesis, functionalization and CRL immobilization processes. The results corresponding to optimization of immobilization process revealed the following order for values of loading capacity, immobilization yield and leaching of CRL: GON > GON-1 > GON-2, while this order is reversed for, specific activity and recovery activity. The assessment of operational parameters represents the high storage stability and reasonable reusability for all the immobilized CRL while the pH and thermal stability of CRL@GON-2 are higher than two others. It seems the longer linker of GON-2 could more effectively prevent the unfavorable interaction between enzyme-enzyme and enzyme-product that consequently resulted the best catalytic performance, pH and thermal stability. The advantages of these supports make them suitable candidates for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Jafarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | | | - Atefeh Zare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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Khaligh HH, Xu L, Khosropour A, Madeira A, Romano M, Pradére C, Tréguer-Delapierre M, Servant L, Pope MA, Goldthorpe IA. The Joule heating problem in silver nanowire transparent electrodes. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:425703. [PMID: 28930100 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7f34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire transparent electrodes have shown considerable potential to replace conventional transparent conductive materials. However, in this report we show that Joule heating is a unique and serious problem with these electrodes. When conducting current densities encountered in organic solar cells, the average surface temperature of indium tin oxide (ITO) and silver nanowire electrodes, both with sheet resistances of 60 ohms/square, remains below 35 °C. However, in contrast to ITO, the temperature in the nanowire electrode is very non-uniform, with some localized points reaching temperatures above 250 °C. These hotspots accelerate nanowire degradation, leading to electrode failure after 5 days of continuous current flow. We show that graphene, a commonly used passivation layer for these electrodes, slows nanowire degradation and creates a more uniform surface temperature under current flow. However, the graphene does not prevent Joule heating in the nanowires and local points of high temperature ultimately shift the failure mechanism from nanowire degradation to melting of the underlying plastic substrate. In this paper, surface temperature mapping, lifetime testing under current flow, post-mortem analysis, and modelling illuminate the behaviour and failure mechanisms of nanowires under extended current flow and provide guidelines for managing Joule heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Khaligh
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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