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Rashid R, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Franchi T, Mathew G, Nicola M, Agha RA. The STROCSS 2024 guideline: strengthening the reporting of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies in surgery. Int J Surg 2024:01279778-990000000-01131. [PMID: 38445501 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION First released in 2017, the STROCSS guidelines have become integral for promoting high-quality reporting of observational research in surgery. However, regular updates are essential to ensure they remain relevant and of value to surgeons. Building on the 2021 updates, we have developed the STROCSS 2024 guidelines. This timely revision aims to address residual reporting gaps, assimilate recent advances, and further strengthen observational study quality across all surgical disciplines. METHODS A core steering committee compiled proposed changes to update the STROCSS 2021 guidelines based on identified gaps in prior iterations. An expert panel of surgical research leaders then evaluated the proposed changes for inclusion. A Delphi consensus exercise was used. Proposals that scored between 7-9 on a nine-point Likert agreement scale, by ≥70% of Delphi participants, were integrated into the STROCSS 2024 checklist. RESULTS In total, 46 of 56 invited participants (82%) completed the Delphi survey and hence participated in the development of STROCSS 2024. All suggested amendments met the criteria for inclusion, indicating a high level of agreement among the Delphi group. All proposed items were therefore integrated into the final revised checklist. CONCLUSION We present the updated STROCSS 2024 guidelines, which have been developed through expert consensus to further enhance the transparency and reporting quality of observational research in surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Franchi
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Riaz A Agha
- Harley Clinic Group, 10 Harley Street, London W1G 9PF
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2
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Mathew G, Sohrabi C, Franchi T, Nicola M, Kerwan A, Agha R. Preferred Reporting Of Case Series in Surgery (PROCESS) 2023 guidelines. Int J Surg 2023; 109:3760-3769. [PMID: 37988417 PMCID: PMC10720832 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Preferred Reporting Of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guidelines were developed in 2016 in order to improve the reporting quality of surgical case series. Since its inception, it has been updated twice, in 2018 and 2020, and has been cited over 1000 times. PROCESS guidelines have enjoyed great acceptance within the surgical research community. Our aim is to update the PROCESS guidelines in order to maintain its applicability in the field of surgical research. METHODS A PROCESS 2023 steering group was created. By working in collaboration, members of this group came up with proposals to update the PROCESS 2020 guidelines. These proposals were presented to an expert panel of researchers, who in turn scrutinised these proposals and decided whether they should become part of PROCESS 2023 guidelines or not, through a Delphi consensus exercise. RESULTS A total of 38 people participated in the development of PROCESS 2023 guidelines. The majority of items received a score between 7 and 9 from greater than 70% of the participants, indicating consensus with the proposed changes to those items. However, two items (3c and 6a) received a score between 7 and 9 from less than 70% of the participants, indicating a lack of consensus with the proposed changes to those items. Those items will remain unchanged. DISCUSSION The updated PROCESS 2023 guidelines are presented with an aim to continue improving the reporting quality of case series in surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Franchi
- Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Kerwan
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Riaz Agha
- Harley Clinic Group, 10 Harley Street
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Sohrabi C, Mathew G, Maria N, Kerwan A, Franchi T, Agha RA. The SCARE 2023 guideline: updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines. Int J Surg 2023; 109:1136-1140. [PMID: 37013953 PMCID: PMC10389401 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 482.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines were first published in 2016 as a tool for surgeons to document and report their surgical cases in a standardised and comprehensive manner. However, with advances in technology and changes in the healthcare landscape, it is important to revise and update these guidelines to ensure they remain relevant and valuable for surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS The updated guidelines were produced through a Delphi consensus exercise. Members of the SCARE 2020 guidelines Delphi group, editorial board members, and peer reviewers were invited to participate. Potential contributors were contacted by e-mail. An online survey was completed to indicate their agreement with the proposed changes to the guideline items. RESULTS A total of 54 participants were invited to participate and 44 (81.5%) completed the survey. There was a high degree of agreement among reviewers, with 36 items (83.7%) meeting the threshold for inclusion. CONCLUSION Through a completed Delphi consensus exercise we present the SCARE 2023 guidelines. This will provide surgeons with a comprehensive and up-to-date tool for documenting and reporting their surgical cases while highlighting the importance of patient-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Sohrabi
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ginimol Mathew
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Maria
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Franchi
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Riaz A Agha
- Harley Clinic Group, 10 Harley Street, London, United Kingdom
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Aldersley K, Gibb J, Grainger C, Abou-El-Ela-Bourquin B, Badhrinarayanan S, Bhanot R, Clark R, Douglas H, Fukui A, Hana Z, Imtiaz I, Kalsi T, Kerwan A, Khera R, MacLachlan E, McGrath J, Meredith E, Penrice S, Saleh D, Tank V, Vadeyar S, Devine OP. Medical leadership training varies substantially between UK medical schools: Report of the leadership in undergraduate medical education national survey (LUMENS). Med Teach 2023; 45:58-67. [PMID: 35981566 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2022.2078185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doctors are increasingly expected to demonstrate medical leadership and management (MLM) skills. The Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management (FMLM) has published an indicative undergraduate curriculum to guide the development of MLM content at UK medical schools. METHOD Students from 30 medical schools were surveyed to determine their understanding of MLM teaching at their school. Timetables for 21 schools were searched for MLM-related keywords. Student-reported teaching and timetabled teaching were coded according to predefined themes. Aggregated demographic and postgraduate performance data were obtained through collaboration with the Medical Student Investigators Collaborative (msico.org). RESULTS Whilst 88% of medical students see MLM teaching as relevant, only 18% believe it is well integrated into their curriculum. MLM content represented ∼2% of timetabled teaching in each 5-year undergraduate medical course. Most of this teaching was dedicated to teamwork, performance/reflection and communication skills. There was minimal association between how much of a topic students believed they were taught, and how much they were actually taught. We found no association between the volume of MLM teaching and performance in postgraduate examinations, trainee career destinations or fitness to practice referrals. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate limited and variable teaching of MLM content. Delivery was independent of broader teaching and assessment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Aldersley
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jonathan Gibb
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Charlotte Grainger
- University of Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Bilal Abou-El-Ela-Bourquin
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Shreya Badhrinarayanan
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ravina Bhanot
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ryan Clark
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Hannah Douglas
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Akiko Fukui
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Zac Hana
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Inshal Imtiaz
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tejinder Kalsi
- Hull York Medical School, Hull York Medical School, York, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Rajkumar Khera
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Eloisa MacLachlan
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jack McGrath
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ellen Meredith
- School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Sam Penrice
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dina Saleh
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Vivek Tank
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Sharvari Vadeyar
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Oliver Patrick Devine
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Sohrabi C, Mathew G, Franchi T, Kerwan A, Griffin M, Soleil C Del Mundo J, Ali SA, Agha M, Agha R. Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on scientific research and implications for clinical academic training - A review. Int J Surg 2021; 86:57-63. [PMID: 33444873 PMCID: PMC7833269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A pneumonia outbreak of unknown aetiology emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The causative organism was identified on 7th January 2020 as a novel coronavirus (nCoV or 2019-nCoV), later renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The resulting coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has infected over 88 million individuals, resulted in over 1.9 million deaths, and has led to an unprecedented impact on research activities worldwide. Extraordinary challenges have also been imposed on medical and surgical trainees following redeployment to full-time clinical duties. Moreover, the introduction of travel restrictions and strict lockdown measures have forced the closure of many institutions and laboratories working on research unrelated to the pandemic. The lockdown has similarly stifled supply chains and slowed research and development endeavours, whilst research charities have endured significant financial strains that have since reshaped the allocation and availability of funds. However, worldwide scientific adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed through unprecedented levels of international collaboration alongside the uprise of remote telecommunication platforms. Although the long-term consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic on research and academic training is difficult to ascertain, the current crises will inevitably shape working and teaching patterns for years to come. To this end, we provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on scientific research and funding, as well as academic medical and surgical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom,Corresponding author. Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Garrod Building, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, United Kingdom
| | - Ginimol Mathew
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Franchi
- The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Maliha Agha
- IJS Publishing Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Griffin M, Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, Nicola M, Kerwan A, Mathew G, Agha R. Preparing for COVID-19 exit strategies. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 61:88-92. [PMID: 33391762 PMCID: PMC7773555 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected 20 million people worldwide with over 732,000 deaths and trillions of dollars of lost economic productivity. It has put many countries into lockdown to contain the virus and save lives. As COVID-19 cases in some countries start to plateau and societies work hard to 'flatten the curve', leaders are being asked to formulate plans for safe and staged 'exit strategies' to reopen society. Each country will decide on their own exit strategy but many plans are considering similar vital healthcare principles including the maintenance of social distancing to prevent ongoing community transmission, testing capacity, protection of the healthcare systems and the health of their care workers. This review aims to provide an overview of essential factors that plans for exit strategy should consider and their effect on the societies' social and healthcare life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaid Alsafi
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Nicola
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- The Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Ginimol Mathew
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Agha RA, Franchi T, Sohrabi C, Mathew G, Kerwan A. The SCARE 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) Guidelines. Int J Surg 2020; 84:226-230. [PMID: 33181358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4526] [Impact Index Per Article: 1131.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riaz A Agha
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Franchi
- The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ginimol Mathew
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- Department of Surgery, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, United Kingdom
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8
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Agha RA, Sohrabi C, Mathew G, Franchi T, Kerwan A, O'Neill N. The PROCESS 2020 Guideline: Updating Consensus Preferred Reporting Of CasESeries in Surgery (PROCESS) Guidelines. Int J Surg 2020; 84:231-235. [PMID: 33189880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PROCESS Guidelines were first published in 2016 and were last updated in 2018. They provide a structure for reporting surgical case series in order to increase reporting robustness and transparency, and are used and endorsed by authors, journal editors and reviewers alike. In order to drive forwards reporting quality, they must be kept up to date. As such, we have updated these guidelines via a DELPHI consensus exercise. METHODS The updated guidelines were produced via a DELPHI consensus exercise. Members from the previous DELPHI group were again invited, alongside editorial board members and peer reviewers of the International Journal of Surgery and the International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. An online survey was completed by this expert group to indicate their agreement with proposed changes to the checklist items. RESULTS A total of 53 surgical experts agreed to participate and 49 (92%) completed the survey. The responses and suggested modifications were incorporated into the previous 2018 guidelines. There was a high degree of agreement amongst the PROCESS Group, with all but one of the PROCESS items receiving over 70% of scores ranging 7-9. CONCLUSION A DELPHI consensus exercise was completed and an updated and improved PROCESS Checklist is now presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz A Agha
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ginimol Mathew
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Franchi
- The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- Department of Surgery, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh O'Neill
- University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Nicola M, Sohrabi C, Mathew G, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Griffin M, Agha M, Agha R. Health policy and leadership models during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Int J Surg 2020; 81:122-129. [PMID: 32687873 PMCID: PMC7366988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Approximately 19.3 million people have now been infected and over 700,000 have died. This global public health crisis has since cascaded into a series of challenges for leaders around the world, threatening both the health and economy of populations. This paper attempts to compartmentalise leadership aspects, allowing a closer examination of published reports and the analysis of current outcomes, thus enabling the authors to formulate a number of evidence-based recommendations on the de-escalation of restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicola
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Al-Jabir
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Maliha Agha
- IJS Publishing Group, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Al-Jabir A, Kerwan A, Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Khan M, Sohrabi C, O'Neill N, Iosifidis C, Griffin M, Mathew G, Agha R. Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation). Int J Surg 2020; 79:233-248. [PMID: 32413502 PMCID: PMC7217115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic represents a once in a century challenge to human healthcare with over 4.5 million cases and over 300,000 deaths thus far. Surgical practice has been significantly impacted with all specialties writing guidelines for how to manage during this crisis. All specialties have had to triage the urgency of their daily surgical procedures and consider non-surgical management options where possible. The Pandemic has had ramifications for ways of working, surgical techniques, open vs minimally invasive, theatre workflow, patient and staff safety, training and education. With guidelines specific to each specialty being implemented and followed, surgeons should be able to continue to provide safe and effective care to their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive and up to date review we assess changes to working practices through the lens of each surgical specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Jabir
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Nicola
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaid Alsafi
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehdi Khan
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh O'Neill
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Iosifidis
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ginimol Mathew
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Al-Jabir A, Kerwan A, Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Khan M, Sohrabi C, O'Neill N, Iosifidis C, Griffin M, Mathew G, Agha R. Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 1. Int J Surg 2020; 79:168-179. [PMID: 32407799 PMCID: PMC7214340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 4.5 million confirmed cases and over 300,000 deaths. The impact of COVID-19 on surgical practice is widespread, ranging from workforce and staffing issues, procedural prioritisation, viral transmission risk intraoperatively, changes to perioperative practice and ways of working alongside the impact on surgical education and training. Whilst there has been a growing literature base describing the early clinical course of COVID-19 and on aspects of critical care related to treating these patients, there has been a dearth of evidence on how this pandemic will affect surgical practice. This paper seeks to review the current evidence and offers recommendations for changes to surgical practice to minimise the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Jabir
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Nicola
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaid Alsafi
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehdi Khan
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh O'Neill
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Iosifidis
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ginimol Mathew
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, Agha M, Agha R. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg 2020; 78:185-193. [PMID: 32305533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.040.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 4.3 million confirmed cases and over 290,000 deaths globally. It has also sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions have lead to a reduced workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need for commodities and manufactured products has decreased. In contrast, the need for medical supplies has significantly increased. The food sector is also facing increased demand due to panic-buying and stockpiling of food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on individual aspects of the world economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicola
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Zaid Alsafi
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Al-Jabir
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Christos Iosifidis
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, Agha M, Agha R. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg 2020; 78:185-193. [PMID: 32305533 PMCID: PMC7162753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2480] [Impact Index Per Article: 620.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 4.3 million confirmed cases and over 290,000 deaths globally. It has also sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions have lead to a reduced workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need for commodities and manufactured products has decreased. In contrast, the need for medical supplies has significantly increased. The food sector is also facing increased demand due to panic-buying and stockpiling of food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on individual aspects of the world economy. Central banks globally commit to a ‘Whatever it takes’ approach in an attempt to save the global economy. Europe pledges a €1.7tn rescue package. The road to economic recovery is predicted to be a long one, with a period of economic inactivity for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicola
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Zaid Alsafi
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Al-Jabir
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Christos Iosifidis
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, Agha R. Corrigendum to "World Health Organization declares Global Emergency: A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)" [Int. J. Surg. 76 (2020) 71-76]. Int J Surg 2020; 77:217. [PMID: 32305321 PMCID: PMC7159865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaid Alsafi
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh O'Neill
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mehdi Khan
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Al-Jabir
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Iosifidis
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, Agha R. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg 2020; 76:71-76. [PMID: 32112977 PMCID: PMC7105032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2500] [Impact Index Per Article: 625.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and was subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Considered a relative of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 is caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with 90,870 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths worldwide. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaid Alsafi
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh O'Neill
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mehdi Khan
- UCL Medical School, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Al-Jabir
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Iosifidis
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Riaz Agha
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Zar A, Karim KA, Kerwan A, Fazili A, Elbuzidi M, Din M. Response to: A broader outlook to reduce pre-exam stress. Med Teach 2019; 41:1446-1447. [PMID: 31141393 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2019.1619678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Areeb Zar
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Kerwan
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ansab Fazili
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Munaib Din
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Din M, Zar A, Kerwan A, Fazili A. Care of the dying in hospital: a medical student perspective. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2019; 80:235. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2019.80.4.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munaib Din
- Medical Student King's College London School of Medical Education London SE1 1UL
| | - Areeb Zar
- Medical Student King's College London School of Medical Education London SE1 1UL
| | - Ahmed Kerwan
- Medical Student King's College London School of Medical Education London SE1 1UL
| | - Ansab Fazili
- Medical Student King's College London School of Medical Education London SE1 1UL
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