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Niveditha D, Khan S, Khilari A, Nadkarni S, Bhalerao U, Kadam P, Yadav R, Kanekar JB, Shah N, Likhitkar B, Sawant R, Thakur S, Tupekar M, Nagar D, Rao AG, Jagtap R, Jogi S, Belekar M, Pathak M, Shah P, Ranade S, Phadke N, Das R, Joshi S, Karyakarte R, Ghose A, Kadoo N, Shashidhara LS, Monteiro JM, Shanmugam D, Raghunathan A, Karmodiya K. A tale of two waves: Delineating diverse genomic and transmission landscapes driving the COVID-19 pandemic in Pune, India. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1290-1300. [PMID: 37331277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern response to pandemics, critical for effective public health measures, is shaped by the availability and integration of diverse epidemiological outbreak data. Tracking variants of concern (VOC) is integral to understanding the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in space and time, both at the local level and global context. This potentially generates actionable information when integrated with epidemiological outbreak data. METHODS A city-wide network of researchers, clinicians, and pathology diagnostic laboratories was formed for genome surveillance of COVID-19 in Pune, India. The genomic landscapes of 10,496 sequenced samples of SARS-CoV-2 driving peaks of infection in Pune between December-2020 to March-2022, were determined. As a modern response to the pandemic, a "band of five" outbreak data analytics approach was used. This integrated the genomic data (Band 1) of the virus through molecular phylogenetics with key outbreak data including sample collection dates and case numbers (Band 2), demographics like age and gender (Band 3-4), and geospatial mapping (Band 5). RESULTS The transmission dynamics of VOCs in 10,496 sequenced samples identified B.1.617.2 (Delta) and BA(x) (Omicron formerly known as B.1.1.529) variants as drivers of the second and third peaks of infection in Pune. Spike Protein mutational profiling during pre and post-Omicron VOCs indicated differential rank ordering of high-frequency mutations in specific domains that increased the charge and binding properties of the protein. Time-resolved phylogenetic analysis of Omicron sub-lineages identified a highly divergent BA.1 from Pune in addition to recombinant X lineages, XZ, XQ, and XM. CONCLUSIONS The band of five outbreak data analytics approach, which integrates five different types of data, highlights the importance of a strong surveillance system with high-quality meta-data for understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in Pune. These findings have important implications for pandemic preparedness and could be critical tools for understanding and responding to future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Niveditha
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Soumen Khan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ajinkya Khilari
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanica Nadkarni
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Unnati Bhalerao
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Pradnya Kadam
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jugal B Kanekar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nikita Shah
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Bhagyashree Likhitkar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rutuja Sawant
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shikha Thakur
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manisha Tupekar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dhriti Nagar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anjani G Rao
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rutuja Jagtap
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shraddha Jogi
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Madhuri Belekar
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Maitreyee Pathak
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Priyanki Shah
- The Pune Knowledge Cluster (PKC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, 411007 Pune, India
| | | | - Nikhil Phadke
- GenePath Diagnostics India Private Limited, Pune 411004, India
| | - Rashmita Das
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College (BJGMC), Jai Prakash Narayan Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Suvarna Joshi
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College (BJGMC), Jai Prakash Narayan Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Rajesh Karyakarte
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College (BJGMC), Jai Prakash Narayan Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Aurnab Ghose
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Narendra Kadoo
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - L S Shashidhara
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India; The Pune Knowledge Cluster (PKC), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, 411007 Pune, India
| | - Joy Merwin Monteiro
- Department of Earth and Climate Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India; Department of Data Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, India.; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anu Raghunathan
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Krishanpal Karmodiya
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
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Godbole R, Gaur A, Nayar P, Kiruthiga KG, D’Costa P, Manchanda R, Khilari A, Shanmugam D, Muglikar KD, Kundu K. Case Report: A Fatal Case of Babesiosis in a Splenectomized Male Patient from Western India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:tpmd201118. [PMID: 35189595 PMCID: PMC9128672 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human babesiosis is a rare disease, caused by Babesia species and commonly transmitted by tick bite. Although human babesiosis is known to be asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts, clinical cases of severe babesiosis have been reported from splenectomized or immunocompromised individuals. To our knowledge, only one case of human babesiosis in India has been previously reported. Here, we report a case of severe babesiosis with high parasitemia (∼70%) in a 30-year-old asplenic farmer. The patient presented with fever, yellowish discoloration of skin, oliguria, and anemia; he eventually developed multiorgan failure syndrome and died. Peripheral blood films were prepared and used to confirm the presence of piroplasms by microscopy. Total DNA isolated from blood was used for 18S ribosomal RNA gene fragment amplification by polymerase chain reaction, which was subject to Sanger sequencing. Although 18S sequence indicated that the Babesia species infecting the patient was similar to that of other Babesia species originating from wild mammals, species identification could not be done. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the patient-derived pathogen is distinct because it forms a separate clade in the cladogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Godbole
- Department of Pathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Avantika Gaur
- Department of Pathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Priyanka Nayar
- Department of Pathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
| | | | - Pradeep D’Costa
- Department of Pathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Rumma Manchanda
- Department of Pathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Ajinkya Khilari
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Krishnendu Kundu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, India
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Naushin S, Sardana V, Ujjainiya R, Bhatheja N, Kutum R, Bhaskar AK, Pradhan S, Prakash S, Khan R, Rawat BS, Tallapaka KB, Anumalla M, Chandak GR, Lahiri A, Kar S, Mulay SR, Mugale MN, Srivastava M, Khan S, Srivastava A, Tomar B, Veerapandian M, Venkatachalam G, Vijayakumar SR, Agarwal A, Gupta D, Halami PM, Peddha MS, Sundaram GM, Veeranna RP, Pal A, Agarwal VK, Maurya AK, Singh RK, Raman AK, Anandasadagopan SK, Karuppanan P, Venkatesan S, Sardana HK, Kothari A, Jain R, Thakur A, Parihar DS, Saifi A, Kaur J, Kumar V, Mishra A, Gogeri I, Rayasam G, Singh P, Chakraborty R, Chaturvedi G, Karunakar P, Yadav R, Singhmar S, Singh D, Sarkar S, Bhattacharya P, Acharya S, Singh V, Verma S, Soni D, Seth S, Vashisht S, Thakran S, Fatima F, Singh AP, Sharma A, Sharma B, Subramanian M, Padwad YS, Hallan V, Patial V, Singh D, Tripude NV, Chakrabarti P, Maity SK, Ganguly D, Sarkar J, Ramakrishna S, Kumar BN, Kumar KA, Gandhi SG, Jamwal PS, Chouhan R, Jamwal VL, Kapoor N, Ghosh D, Thakkar G, Subudhi U, Sen P, Chaudhury SR, Kumar R, Gupta P, Tuli A, Sharma D, Ringe RP, D A, Kulkarni M, Shanmugam D, Dharne MS, Dastager SG, Joshi R, Patil AP, Mahajan SN, Khan AH, Wagh V, Yadav RK, Khilari A, Bhadange M, Chaurasiya AH, Kulsange SE, Khairnar K, Paranjape S, Kalita J, Sastry NG, Phukan T, Manna P, Romi W, Bharali P, Ozah D, Sahu RK, Babu EVSSK, Sukumaran R, Nair AR, Valappil PK, Puthiyamadam A, Velayudhanpillai A, Chodankar K, Damare S, Madhavi Y, Aggarwal VV, Dahiya S, Agrawal A, Dash D, Sengupta S. Insights from a Pan India Sero-Epidemiological survey (Phenome-India Cohort) for SARS-CoV2. eLife 2021; 10:e66537. [PMID: 33876727 PMCID: PMC8118652 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the spread of SARS-CoV2, in August and September 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India) conducted a serosurvey across its constituent laboratories and centers across India. Of 10,427 volunteers, 1058 (10.14%) tested positive for SARS-CoV2 anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies, 95% of which had surrogate neutralization activity. Three-fourth of these recalled no symptoms. Repeat serology tests at 3 (n = 607) and 6 (n = 175) months showed stable anti-NC antibodies but declining neutralization activity. Local seropositivity was higher in densely populated cities and was inversely correlated with a 30-day change in regional test positivity rates (TPRs). Regional seropositivity above 10% was associated with declining TPR. Personal factors associated with higher odds of seropositivity were high-exposure work (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, p value: 2.23, 1.92-2.59, <0.0001), use of public transport (1.79, 1.43-2.24, <0.0001), not smoking (1.52, 1.16-1.99, 0.0257), non-vegetarian diet (1.67, 1.41-1.99, <0.0001), and B blood group (1.36, 1.15-1.61, 0.001).
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