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Sugiyama Y, Takata K, Kinoshita M, Motooka D, Shiraishi N, Kihara K, Murata H, Beppu S, Koda T, Yamashita K, Namba A, Fujimoto K, Kumanogoh A, Okuno T, Mochizuki H. Food additive succinate exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis accompanied by increased IL-1β production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 656:97-103. [PMID: 36958260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Sugiyama
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Takata
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shiraishi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keigo Kihara
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murata
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Beppu
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Koda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamashita
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Namba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neurology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka, Japan; Division of Metagenome Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Koda T, Namba A, Kinoshita M, Nakatsuji Y, Sugimoto T, Sakakibara K, Tada S, Shimizu M, Yamashita K, Takata K, Ishikura T, Murata S, Beppu S, Kumanogoh A, Mochizuki H, Okuno T. Sema4A is implicated in the acceleration of Th17 cell-mediated neuroinflammation in the effector phase. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:82. [PMID: 32169103 PMCID: PMC7068964 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sema4A is a regulator of helper T cell (Th) activation and differentiation in the priming phase, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the role of Sema4A in the effector phase remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the role of Sema4A at the effector phase in adoptively transferred EAE model. Clinical features and cytokine profiles of MS patients with high Sema4A levels were also examined in detail to clarify the correlation between Sema4A levels and disease activity of patients with MS. METHODS We adoptively transferred encephalitogenic Th1 or Th17 cells to wild type (WT) or Sema4A-deficient (Sema4A KO) mice and assessed severity of symptoms and cellular infiltration within the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, we analyzed clinical and radiological features (n = 201), levels of serum IFN-γ and IL-17A (n = 86), complete remission ratio by IFN-β (n = 38) in all of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients enrolled in this study. RESULTS Sema4A KO recipient mice receiving Th17-skewed WT myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific encephalitogenic T cells showed a significant reduction in the clinical score compared to the WT recipient mice. However, Sema4A KO recipient mice showed similar disease activity to the WT recipient mice when transferred with Th1-skewed encephalitogenic T cells. Bone marrow chimeric study indicated that Sema4A expressed on hematopoietic cells, but not the CNS resident cells, are responsible for augmenting Th17-mediated neuroinflammation. Additionally, in contrast to comparable IFN-γ levels, IL-17A is significantly higher in RRMS patients with high Sema4A level than those with low Sema4A patients with high Sema4A levels showed earlier disease onset, more severe disease activity and IFN-β unresponsiveness than those with low Sema4A levels. CONCLUSIONS Sema4A is involved not only in the Th cell priming but also in the acceleration of Th17 cell-mediated neuroinflammation in the effector phase, which could contribute to the higher disease activity observed in RRMS patients with high serum Sema4A levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Koda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiko Namba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Kaori Sakakibara
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Tada
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikito Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Takata
- Department of Neurology, Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Ishikura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Syo Murata
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Beppu
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Yamashita K, Kinoshita M, Miyamoto K, Namba A, Shimizu M, Koda T, Sugimoto T, Mori Y, Yoshioka Y, Nakatsuji Y, Kumanogoh A, Kusunoki S, Mochizuki H, Okuno T. Cerebrospinal fluid mitochondrial DNA in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:125. [PMID: 29703264 PMCID: PMC5924507 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Although complement-dependent astrocyte damage mediated by anti-aquaporin 4 autoantibody (AQP4-Ab) is well acknowledged to be the core of NMOSD pathogenesis, additional inflammatory cascades may contribute to the establishment of lesion formation. Thus, in this study, we investigated the possible pathogenic role of immune-reactive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of NMOSD patients. Methods Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we measured extracellular mtDNA levels in CSF of NMOSD patients positive for AQP4-Ab. Patients with multiple sclerosis or other neurological diseases were examined as controls. Pre- and post-treatment extracellular mtDNA levels were also compared in the NMOSD group. Extracellular mtDNA release from human astrocytes was analyzed in vitro utilizing NMOSD sera, and interleukin (IL)-1β production was measured in supernatants of mixed glial cells stimulated with DNA fraction of CSF derived from NMOSD patients. Furthermore, specific innate immune pathways mediating the IL-1β production by mtDNA were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with selective inhibitors of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. Results Extracellular mtDNA level was specifically elevated in acute phase of NMOSD CSF. In vitro studies provided the evidence that mtDNA is released from human astrocytes by NMOSD sera. In addition, DNA fraction isolated from NMOSD CSF promoted secretion of IL-1β from mixed glial cells. Selective inhibition of TLR9 and NLRP3 inflammasomes revealed that mtDNA-mediated IL-1β production depends on specific innate immune pathways. Conclusion Extracellular mtDNA is specifically elevated in the CSF of patients with acute phase NMOSD, and mtDNA released by AQP4-Ab-mediated cellular damage elicits the innate immune cascades via TLR9 and NLRP3 inflammasomes pathways. Our study highlights mtDNA-mediated innate immune pathways as a novel therapeutic target for future treatment of NMOSD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1162-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuichi Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Kinki University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Namba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikito Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Koda
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Kinki University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Koda T, Namba A, Nakatsuji Y, Niino M, Miyazaki Y, Sugimoto T, Kinoshita M, Takata K, Yamashita K, Shimizu M, Fukazawa T, Kumanogoh A, Mochizuki H, Okuno T. Beneficial effects of fingolimod in MS patients with high serum Sema4A levels. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518148 PMCID: PMC5843273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) of high serum Sema4A levels are resistant to IFN-β therapy. To further elucidate the role of serum Sema4A as a biomarker for therapeutic stratification in MS patients, it is important to clarify the efficacy of other disease-modifying drugs (DMD) in those with high serum Sema4A levels. Thus, in this study we investigated whether fingolimod has beneficial effects on MS patients with high Sema4A levels. We retrospectively analyzed annualized relapse rate (ARR) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) change in 56 relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients who had been treated with fingolimod, including those who switched from IFN-β therapy. The levels of Sema4A in the sera were measured by sandwich ELISA. The implications of Sema4A on the efficacy of fingolimod were investigated by administering recombinant Sema4A-Fc and fingolimod to mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Retrospective analysis of MS cohort (17 high Sema4A and 39 low Sema4A) demonstrated the effectiveness of fingolimod in those with high serum Sema4A levels, showing reduction of ARR (from 1.21 to 0.12) and EDSS progression (from 0.50 to 0.04). Consistent with this observation, improvement in the disease severity of EAE mice receiving recombinant Sema4A-Fc was also observed after fingolimod treatment. These data suggest that fingolimod could serve as a candidate DMD for managing the disease activity of MS patients with high Sema4A levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Koda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Namba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- * E-mail: (TO); (YN); (HM)
| | - Masaaki Niino
- Department of Clinical Research, Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yusei Miyazaki
- Department of Clinical Research, Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Takata
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikito Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TO); (YN); (HM)
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TO); (YN); (HM)
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Honorat JA, Nakatsuji Y, Shimizu M, Kinoshita M, Sumi-Akamaru H, Sasaki T, Takata K, Koda T, Namba A, Yamashita K, Sanda E, Sakaguchi M, Kumanogoh A, Shirakura T, Tamura M, Sakoda S, Mochizuki H, Okuno T. Febuxostat ameliorates secondary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by restoring mitochondrial energy production in a GOT2-dependent manner. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187215. [PMID: 29107957 PMCID: PMC5673182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are important determinants of neurodegeneration in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). We previously showed that febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, ameliorated both relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by preventing neurodegeneration in mice. In this study, we investigated how febuxostat protects neuron in secondary progressive EAE. A DNA microarray analysis revealed that febuxostat treatment increased the CNS expression of several mitochondria-related genes in EAE mice, most notably including GOT2, which encodes glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (GOT2). GOT2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that oxidizes glutamate to produce α-ketoglutarate for the Krebs cycle, eventually leading to the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Whereas GOT2 expression was decreased in the spinal cord during the chronic progressive phase of EAE, febuxostat-treated EAE mice showed increased GOT2 expression. Moreover, febuxostat treatment of Neuro2a cells in vitro ameliorated ATP exhaustion induced by rotenone application. The ability of febuxostat to preserve ATP production in the presence of rotenone was significantly reduced by GOT2 siRNA. GOT2-mediated ATP synthesis may be a pivotal mechanism underlying the protective effect of febuxostat against neurodegeneration in EAE. Accordingly, febuxostat may also have clinical utility as a disease-modifying drug in SPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephe A. Honorat
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TO); (YN)
| | - Mikito Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisae Sumi-Akamaru
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushiro Takata
- Department of Neurology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Koda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Namba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Sanda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirakura
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Tamura
- Pharmaceutical Development Research Laboratories, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saburo Sakoda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TO); (YN)
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Yamashita K, Okuno T, Shimizu M, Namba A, Kinoshita M, Miyamoto K, Kusunoki S, Nakatsuji Y, Mochizuki H. Elevated mitochondrial DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Honorat JA, Kinoshita M, Okuno T, Takata K, Koda T, Namba A, Tada S, Shirakura T, Mochizuki H, Sakoda S, Nakatsuji Y. Neuroprotective effects of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor in progressive EAE by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koda T, Okuno T, Nakatsuji Y, Takata K, Honorat JA, Namba A, Sakoda S, Kumanogoh A, Mochizuki H. Investigation of Sema4A as a biomarker for treatment selection for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Goto K, Ohi T, Namba A, Uemura N, Kitaguchi H. [Successful treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus meningitis by intrathecal injection of vancomycin]. Brain Nerve 2011; 63:417-421. [PMID: 21441646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A 70-year-old Japanese man developed fever, headache, and lumbago, presumably due to an epidural abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the L5-S2 region. On the night of admission to our hospital, he showed disorientation to places and abnormal eating behavior, indicating a complication of MRSA meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination confirmed this diagnosis. Although he was treated with venous infusion of vancomycin and meropenem, the CSF culture remained positive for MRSA even a week after the treatment, and Gram-positive cocci were also seen in the CSF. An intrathecal injection of vancomycin (10mg/day) was subsequently added, which resulted in absence of the organism on Gram-stained CSF smear and CSF culture a week later. His condition improved without any adverse effects. Vancomycin cannot freely penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB); therefore, when administered intravenously, its concentration in the CSF is insufficient. Therefore, intrathecal injection of vancomycin is necessary to achieve the desired bacteriocidal level in the CSF. Thus, intrathecal administration of vancomycin seems a very effective and safe treatment for MRSA meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Goto
- Department of Neurology, Kurashiki Central Hospital,Miwa, Kurashiki-city, Okayama, Japan
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Namba A, Mano N, Takano H, Beppu T, Ueda K, Hirose H. OmpA is an adhesion factor of Aeromonas veronii, an optimistic pathogen that habituates in carp intestinal tract. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1441-51. [PMID: 18828791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the present study, we focused on one of the Aeromonas veronii isolates that exhibited marked adhesion onto carp intestine and studied its membrane-associated proteins for their possible involvement in mucosal adhesion. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated a strain of Aer. veronii (CWP11) that exhibited a high degree of temperature-dependent adhesion activity onto carp intestinal tract and studied its adhesion factor. A proteomic analysis of the membrane-associated fraction showed the presence of multiple proteins that were specifically expressed in CWP11 cells cultured at 25 degrees C. Of these, a 30 kDa protein was identified to be OmpA by a mass fingerprint analysis. Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the ompA region of CWP11 revealed the presence of two tandem ompA homologues (ompAI-ompAII). Escherichia coli that expressed either OmpAI or OmpAII exhibited marked adhesion onto carp intestinal surface. Disruption of ompAI by a homologous recombination technique resulted in marked reduction of the adhesion activity in CWP11. CONCLUSION The OmpA homologue plays an important role in the adhesion of the Aer. veronii strain onto the surface of intestinal tract. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We successfully identified an OmpA homologue to be an adhesion factor of Aer. veronii, an optimistic pathogen that habituates in carp intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Namba
- Life Science Research Center, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Abstract
AIMS The aims of the present study are to characterize the intestinal microbial community displaying a high-adhesive capability in fish, and to evaluate the relationship between mucosal adhesion of intestinal bacteria and fish health and disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 707 aerobic bacteria isolated from carp intestine that were maintained under either feeding (feeding group) or no-feeding (no-feeding group) conditions and were performed adhesive assay. Isolates were divided into three categories on the basis of adhesive capability: high-, medium-, and low- adhesive capabilities. The average proportions of isolates with high-adhesive capability in the feeding and no-feeding groups were 30% and 32%, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis using a partial 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that most isolates with high-adhesive capability in both groups were classified as belonging to an Aeromonas group, and populations of isolates within high- and low-adhesive categories were markedly different. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal bacteria with a high-adhesive capability in relation to intestinal mucous always colonize on the surface of intestinal mucosa and grow in the intestinal tract of feeding carp. The adhesive capability of intestinal bacteria is essential for colonization and growth in the intestinal tract of fish. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our results indicate that members of the Aeromonas group with adhesive capability always colonize on the surface of intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Namba
- Graduate School of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Tao R, Habu T, Namba A, Yamane H, Fuyuhiro F, Iwamoto K, Sugiura A. Inheritance of S(f)-RNase in Japanese apricot ( Prunus mume) and its relation to self-compatibility. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 105:222-228. [PMID: 12582523 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-0980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2001] [Accepted: 03/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-compatible cultivars of Japanese apricot ( Prunus mume Shieb. et Zucc.), a tree species that normally shows S-RNase-based self-incompatiblity, have a horticultural advantage over self-incompatible cultivars. Inheritance of self-compatibility and a common S(f)-RNase allele that is observed in self-compatible cultivars was investigated using progenies from controlled crosses. Total DNAs were isolated from the parents and progenies of seven crosses that included at least one self-compatible cultivar as a parent. These DNAs were PCR-amplified with the Pru-C2 and PCE-R primer pair to determine S-haplotypes of the parents and progenies. A novel S-haplotype, S(8), was found. In all crosses examined, the S(f)-RNase gene was inherited from either the seed or pollen parent as a pistil S-allele in a non-functional S-haplotype. Self-compatibility of about 20 trees each from reciprocal crosses of 'Benisashi ( S(7) S(f))' and 'Shinpeidayu ( S(3) S(f))', and 26 selections from 16 different crosses was tested by pollination and pollen-tube growth studies. Cosegregation of the S(f)-RNase allele and self-compatibility was confirmed with all but selection 1K0-26 ( S(3) S(7)). Selection 1K0-26 ( S(3) S(7)) that originated from 'Benisashi ( S(7) S(f))' x 'Koshinoume ( S(3) S(f))' appeared to be self-compatible even without the S(f)-RNase allele. The possible role of pollen- S, a presumably existing pollen component of gametophytic self-incompatibility, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Tao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan,
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Namba A, Abe S, Shinkawa H, Kimberling WJ, Usami SI. Genetic features of hearing loss associated with ear anomalies: PDS and EYA1 mutation analysis. J Hum Genet 2002; 46:518-21. [PMID: 11558900 DOI: 10.1007/s100380170033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutation analysis of the PDS gene and the EYA1 gene, which are reported to be responsible for hearing loss associated with ear anomalies, was performed in 24 deaf patients with various middle and inner ear anomalies. The present study was done to clarify the spectrum of middle and inner ear malformations covered by these two genes. PDS mutations were found only in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueducts and EYA1 mutations were detected only in patients with ear pits and cervical fistulae, indicating that these two genes are associated with particular forms of middle and inner ear malformation. The genetic approach provides a strong tool for the diagnosis of hearing loss associated with ear anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Namba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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Fukuda S, Kuroda T, Chida E, Shimizu R, Usami S, Koda E, Abe S, Namba A, Kitamura K, Inuyama Y. A family affected by branchio-oto syndrome with EYA1 mutations. Auris Nasus Larynx 2001; 28 Suppl:S7-11. [PMID: 11683347 DOI: 10.1016/s0385-8146(01)00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Branchio-oto (BO) syndrome is complicated with congenital preauricular fistulae, branchial fistulae (cysts), and hearing loss (sensorineural, conductive or mixed). As well as branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome. it is known to be an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. Since mutations in the EYA1 gene have been identified in both BO and BOR syndromes, mutation screening of this gene has been drawing attention as a genetic test to diagnose BOR/BO syndromes. In this study, we genetically investigated the presence of EYA1 mutations in a BO syndrome family in which we observed congenital preauricular fistulae, branchial fistulae (cysts) and hearing loss in four generations. Whereas there was a variety of phenotype expressions in this family, all subjects tested had a nonsense mutation (R264X) in exon 8 of the EYA1 gene. The present report adds further examples to support the usefulness of molecular genetic testing for the diagnosis of patients with BO syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Usami S, Abe S, Akita J, Namba A, Shinkawa H, Ishii M, Iwasaki S, Hoshino T, Ito J, Doi K, Kubo T, Nakagawa T, Komiyama S, Tono T, Komune S. Prevalence of mitochondrial gene mutations among hearing impaired patients. J Med Genet 2000; 37:38-40. [PMID: 10633132 PMCID: PMC1734443 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of three mitochondrial point mutations, 1555A-->G, 3243A-->G, and 7445A-->G, known to be associated with hearing impairment, was examined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in two Japanese groups: (1) 319 unrelated SNHL outpatients (including 21 with aminoglycoside antibiotic injection history), and (2) 140 cochlear implantation patients (including 22 with aminoglycoside induced hearing loss). Approximately 3% of the outpatients and 10% of the cochlear implantation patients had the 1555A-->G mutation. The frequency was higher in the patients with a history of aminoglycoside injection (outpatient group 33%, cochlear implantation group 59%). One outpatient (0.314%) had the 3243A-->G mutation, but no outpatients had the 7445A-->G mutation and neither were found in the cochlear implantation group. The significance of the 1555A-->G mutation, the most prevalent mitochondrial mutation found in this study of a hearing impaired population in Japan, among subjects with specific backgrounds, such as aminoglycoside induced hearing loss, is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Usami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Namba A, Hamano H, Kitagawa Y, Shinohara Y. Asymptomatic cerebral ischemic lesions on MRI in patietns with first-ever stroke: Characteristic features and relation to risk factors in ischemic stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.3995/jstroke.19.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tsubouchi K, Nakase H, Namba A, Masu K. Full duplex transmission operation of a 2.45-GHz asynchronous spread spectrum using a SAN convolver. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 1993; 40:478-482. [PMID: 18263209 DOI: 10.1109/58.238098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An asynchronous spread spectrum (SS) modem in the 2.45-GHz band has been implemented using an efficient ZnO-SiO(2)-Si surface acoustic wave (SAW) convolver. The modem, which can operate under full duplex transmission is based on a direct-sequence/code-shift-keying (DS/CSK) method for the modulation. Pseudonoise (PN) codes are chosen from a preferred pair of m-sequences of period 127, and the code rate is 14 MHz. The demodulation is carried out asynchronously, utilizing the coherent correlation characteristics of the SAW convolver. The main interference caused by a transmitted signal in the modem itself is effectively reduced by an RF isolator and the SS process gain. Adequate self-jamming rejection capability has been confirmed; a bit error rate of 10(-6) is observed at -78.3 dB of a desired-to-undesired-signal ratio using an artificial transmission line.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsubouchi
- Res. Inst. of Electr. Commun., Tohoku Univ., Sendai
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Namba A, Musha T. [Immunoassay by the depolarized forward scattered light intensity fluctuations from latex spheres]. Iyodenshi To Seitai Kogaku 1988; 26:170-5. [PMID: 2471854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sakagami K, Namba A, Tanaka K, Osaki T, Onishi T, Sone Y, Kinoshita M, Orita K. Active enhancement of rat cardiac allografts by donor-specific B lymphocytes. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1987; 36:295-8. [PMID: 2961714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Seki Y, Sakagami K, Takeuchi H, Tanaka K, Namba A, Fuchimoto S, Orita K. Evidence for donor-specific cell-mediated lympholysis unresponsiveness and suppressor cells in well functioning kidney transplants. Transplant Proc 1983; 15:2131-5. [PMID: 6231751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Enoch JM, Yamade S, Namba A. Contrast (modulation) sensitivity functions measured in patients with high refractive error with emphasis on aphakia: II. Determinations of patients. Doc Ophthalmol 1979; 47:147-62. [PMID: 520139 DOI: 10.1007/bf00145373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of Constrast Sensitivity Functions (CSF) were made on normal observers made artificially highly ametropic with spectacle lenses (with high back vertex) distance in order to determine the effect of retinal image size alterations upon CSF measures. While not an exact model for high ametropia per se, this experiment served to familiarize the experimenters with problems associated with the task. Image size alterations occur normally in aphakic patients and highly myopic patients. As a clinical trial, a series of aphakic observers were tested using an interferometric acuity device. CSF measures were made with the patient's spectacle corrections in place and again with correcting contact lenses substituted. The contact lenses reduce induced image size alterations in these cases. The use of contact lenses in such measures allows differentiation between artifactual low frequency fall off in aphakia due to lens effects and possible low frequency fall-off due to other causes.
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Namba A. A study on the toothbrushing habits in lower school children. J Nihon Univ Sch Dent 1978; 20:6-13. [PMID: 295363 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd1959.20.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tanaoi H, Namba A, Noma S, Aoshima O. [The relationship between intelligent understanding of oral health and dental instruction in school children. 2]. Koku Eisei Gakkai Zasshi 1972; 22:295-304. [PMID: 4513219 DOI: 10.5834/jdh.22.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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