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Manoharan S, Saha S, Murugesan K, Santhakumar A, Perumal E. Natural bioactive compounds and STAT3 against hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. Life Sci 2024; 337:122351. [PMID: 38103726 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging and very fatal liver cancer. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway is a crucial regulator of tumor development and are ubiquitously active in HCC. Therefore, targeting STAT3 has emerged as a promising approach for preventing and treating HCC. Various natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) have been proven to target STAT3 and have the potential to prevent and treat HCC as STAT3 inhibitors. Numerous kinds of STAT3 inhibitors have been identified, including small molecule inhibitors, peptide inhibitors, and oligonucleotide inhibitors. Due to the undesirable side effects of the conventional therapeutic drugs against HCC, the focus is shifted to NBCs derived from plants and other natural sources. NBCs can be broadly classified into the categories of terpenes, alkaloids, carotenoids, and phenols. Most of the compounds belong to the family of terpenes, which prevent tumorigenesis by inhibiting STAT3 nuclear translocation. Further, through STAT3 inhibition, terpenes downregulate matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), modulating metastasis. Terpenes also suppress the anti-apoptotic proteins and cell cycle markers. This review provides comprehensive information related to STAT3 abrogation by NBCs in HCC with in vitro and in vivo evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaa Manoharan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Shreejit Saha
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Krishnasanthiya Murugesan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Aksayakeerthana Santhakumar
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
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King RJ, Harrison L, Gilbey SG, Santhakumar A, Wyatt J, Jones R, Bodansky HJ. Diabetic hepatosclerosis: another diabetes microvascular complication? Diabet Med 2016; 33:e5-7. [PMID: 26315331 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease in diabetes is common and is frequently the result of hepatic steatosis. Diabetic hepatosclerosis is a relatively recent description of sinusoidal fibrosis, without steatosis, observed in liver biopsies of people with diabetes presenting with cholestasis. Its association with other microvascular complications suggests it is a form of hepatic diabetic microangiopathy. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 50-year-old woman with longstanding Type 1 diabetes, complicated by nephropathy resulting in cadaveric renal transplant, retinopathy, gastroparesis and neuropathy with slowly healing ulceration to her right foot. She was noted to have deranged liver function tests: alanine aminotransferase, 162 IU/l; bilirubin, 44 IU/l; alkaline phosphatase, 5279 IU/l (isoenzymes; bone 1029 IU/l, liver 4250 IU/l); γ-glutamyl transferase, 662 IU/l. A non-invasive liver screen did not reveal the cause of the cholestasis. A liver biopsy demonstrated sinusoidal fibrosis without evidence of steatosis and thus a diagnosis of diabetic hepatosclerosis was made. Comparison with a biopsy performed 11 years previously at a different trust due to elevated alkaline phosphatase levels revealed slow progression of the sinusoidal fibrosis. DISCUSSION This case describes the longest reported clinical course of diabetic hepatosclerosis, spanning 11 years, in which time the patient did not develop evidence of cirrhosis or portal hypertension. It is difficult to estimate the clinical relevance of this condition because little is known regarding its clinical course and effect on morbidity and mortality. Identified patients should undergo low-intensity, long-term follow-up to improve understanding of its clinical sequelae and relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J King
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - L Harrison
- Department of Hepatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S G Gilbey
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - A Santhakumar
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - J Wyatt
- Department of Pathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - R Jones
- Department of Hepatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - H J Bodansky
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Thilakavathi S, Boopathi K, Girish Kumar CP, Santhakumar A, Senthilkumar R, Eswaramurthy C, Ilaya Bharathy V, Ramakrishnan L, Thongamba G, Adhikary R, Paranjape R. Assessment of the scale, coverage and outcomes of the Avahan HIV prevention program for female sex workers in Tamil Nadu, India: is there evidence of an effect? BMC Public Health 2011; 11 Suppl 6:S3. [PMID: 22375609 PMCID: PMC3287556 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-s6-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avahan, the India AIDS Initiative, a large-scale HIV prevention program, using peer-mediated approaches and STI services, was implemented for high-risk groups for HIV in six states in India. This paper describes the assessment of the program among female sex workers (FSWs) in the southern state of Tamil Nadu. METHODS An analytical framework based on the Avahan impact evaluation design was used. Routine program monitoring data, two rounds of cross-sectional biological and behavioural surveys among FSWs in 2006 (Round 1) and 2009 (Round 2) and quality assessments of clinical services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were used to assess trends in coverage, condom use and prevalence of STIs, HIV and their association with program exposure. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine trends in intermediate outcomes and their associations with intervention exposure. RESULTS The Avahan program in Tamil Nadu was scaled up and achieved monthly reported coverage of 79% within four years of implementation. The cross-sectional survey data showed an increasing proportion of FSWs being reached by Avahan, 54% in Round 1 and 86% in Round 2 [AOR=4.7;p=0.001]. Quality assessments of STI clinical services showed consistent improvement in quality scores (3.0 in 2005 to 4.5 in 2008). Condom distribution by the program rose to cover all estimated commercial sex acts. Reported consistent condom use increased between Round 1 and Round 2 with occasional (72% to 93%; AOR=5.5; p=0.001) and regular clients (68% to 89%; AOR=4.3; p=0.001) while reactive syphilis serology declined significantly (9.7% to 2.2% AOR=0.2; p=0.001). HIV prevalence remained stable at 6.1% between rounds. There was a strong association between Avahan exposure and consistent condom use with commercial clients; however no association was seen with declines in STIs. CONCLUSIONS The Avahan program in Tamil Nadu achieved high coverage of FSWs, resulting in outcomes of improved condom use, declining syphilis and stabilizing HIV prevalence. These expected outcomes following the program logic model and declining HIV prevalence among general population groups suggest potential impact of high risk group interventions on HIV epidemic in Tamil Nadu.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thilakavathi
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - K Boopathi
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - CP Girish Kumar
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - A Santhakumar
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - R Senthilkumar
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - C Eswaramurthy
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - V Ilaya Bharathy
- National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR), Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - L Ramakrishnan
- FHI India, H-5 (Ground Floor), Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - G Thongamba
- FHI India, H-5 (Ground Floor), Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - R Adhikary
- FHI India, H-5 (Ground Floor), Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - R Paranjape
- National AIDS Research Institute (ICMR), T 71-1A/2, M.I.D.C., Telco Road, Bhosari, Pune - 411 026, India
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