1
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Priede IG, Jamieson AJ, Bond T, Kitazato H. In situ observation of a macrourid fish at 7259 m in the Japan Trench: swimbladder buoyancy at extreme depth. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246522. [PMID: 38230425 PMCID: PMC10917060 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A macrourid, Coryphaenoides yaquinae sp. inc., was observed to be attracted to bait and exhibiting normal foraging behaviour during a period of 80 min within view of a baited video camera on the sea floor at 7259 m - the deepest ever observation of a fish species with a swim bladder. The buoyancy provided by an oxygen-filled swim bladder at 74.4 MPa pressure was estimated to be 0.164 N, at a theoretical energy cost of 20 kJ, 200 times less than the cost of equivalent lipid buoyancy. During normal metabolism, 192 days would be required to fill the swimbladder. At these depths, oxygen is very incompressible, so changes in volume during ascent or descent are small. However, swimbladder function is crucially dependent on a very low rate of diffusion of oxygen across the swimbladder wall. The oxygen in the swimbladder could theoretically sustain aerobic metabolism for over 1 year but is unlikely to be used as a reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imants G. Priede
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Todd Bond
- Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Kitazato
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
- Danish Center for Hadal Research, Satellite office at TUMSAT, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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2
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Piertney SB, Wenzel M, Jamieson AJ. Large effective population size masks population genetic structure in Hirondellea amphipods within the deepest marine ecosystem, the Mariana Trench. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2206-2218. [PMID: 36808786 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The examination of genetic structure in the deep-ocean hadal zone has focused on divergence between tectonic trenches to understand how environment and geography may drive species divergence and promote endemism. There has been little attempt to examine localized genetic structure within trenches, partly because of logistical challenges associated with sampling at an appropriate scale, and the large effective population sizes of species that can be sampled adequately may mask underlying genetic structure. Here we examine genetic structure in the superabundant amphipod Hirondellea gigas in the Mariana Trench at depths of 8126-10,545 m. RAD sequencing was used to identify 3182 loci containing 43,408 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across individuals after stringent pruning of loci to prevent paralogous multicopy genomic regions being erroneously merged. Principal components analysis of SNP genotypes resolved no genetic structure between sampling locations, consistent with a signature of panmixia. However, discriminant analysis of principal components identified divergence between all sites driven by 301 outlier SNPs in 169 loci and significantly associated with latitude and depth. Functional annotation of loci identified differences between singleton loci used in analysis and paralogous loci pruned from the data set and also between outlier and nonoutlier loci, all consistent with hypotheses explaining the role of transposable elements driving genome dynamics. This study challenges the traditional perspective that highly abundant amphipods within a trench form a single panmictic population. We discuss the findings in relation to eco-evolutionary and ontogenetic processes operating in the deep sea, and highlight key challenges associated with population genetic analysis in nonmodel systems with inherent large effective population sizes and genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marius Wenzel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alan J Jamieson
- Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Weston JNJ, Jensen EL, Hasoon MSR, Kitson JJN, Stewart HA, Jamieson AJ. Barriers to gene flow in the deepest ocean ecosystems: Evidence from global population genomics of a cosmopolitan amphipod. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo6672. [PMID: 36288308 PMCID: PMC9604539 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The deepest marine ecosystem, the hadal zone, hosts endemic biodiversity resulting from geographic isolation and environmental selection pressures. However, the pan-ocean distribution of some fauna challenges the concept that the hadal zone is a series of isolated island-like habitats. Whether this remains true at the population genomic level is untested. We investigated phylogeographic patterns of the amphipod, Bathycallisoma schellenbergi, from 12 hadal features across the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Southern oceans and analyzed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism markers and two mitochondrial regions. Despite a cosmopolitan distribution, populations were highly restricted to individual features with only limited gene flow between topographically connected features. This lack of connectivity suggests that populations are on separate evolutionary trajectories, with evidence of potential cryptic speciation at the Atacama Trench. Together, this global study demonstrates that the shallower ocean floor separating hadal features poses strong barriers to dispersal, driving genetic isolation and creating pockets of diversity to conserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna N J Weston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Evelyn L Jensen
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Megan S R Hasoon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James J N Kitson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Heather A Stewart
- British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Alan J Jamieson
- Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia (M090), 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009
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4
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Jamieson AJ, Bond T, Vescovo V. No recovery of a large-scale anthropogenic sediment disturbance on the Pacific seafloor after 77 years at 6460 m depth. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 175:113374. [PMID: 35092933 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Habitat restoration and recolonisation of benthic communities after physical perturbation in the deep sea has long been thought to be extremely slow. This study reports on a serendipitous opportunity to survey the current state of a large mechanical disturbance of sediments at 6460 m in the Pacific Ocean. The impact was caused 77 years ago by the sinking of the USS Johnston. The surrounding debris field had little impact on the sedimentary habitat, other than in the provision of artificial hard substrates, while the troughs that formed as the ship impacted the seafloor and slid down the slope of the Philippine Trench were still completely void of animal tracks and burrows, or any observable epifauna, and in some areas subsurface stratification was still exposed at the surface. This suggests that mechanical perturbations of sediments in the deep Pacific may remain ecologically significant for, at the very least, 100 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Jamieson
- Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, IOMRC Building M470, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Todd Bond
- Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, IOMRC Building M470, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Victor Vescovo
- Caladan Oceanic LLC, 1400 Civic Place #250, Southlake, TX 76092, USA
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5
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Weston JNJ, Espinosa-Leal L, Wainwright JA, Stewart ECD, González CE, Linley TD, Reid WDK, Hidalgo P, Oliva ME, Ulloa O, Wenzhöfer F, Glud RN, Escribano R, Jamieson AJ. Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean. Mar Biodivers 2021; 51:51. [PMID: 34007343 PMCID: PMC8120496 DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eurythenes S.I. Smith in Scudder, 1882 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are prevalent scavengers of the benthopelagic community from bathyal to hadal depths. While a well-studied genus, molecular systematic studies have uncovered cryptic speciation and multiple undescribed lineages. Here, we apply an integrative taxonomic approach and describe the tenth species, Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov., based on specimens from the 2018 Atacamex and RV Sonne SO261 Expeditions to the southern sector of the Peru-Chile Trench, the Atacama Trench (24-21°S). Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. is a large species, max. observed length 83.2 mm, possesses diagnostic features, including a short gnathopod 1 palm and a chelate gnathopod 2 palm, and a distinct genetic lineage based on a 16S rRNA and COI phylogeny. This species is a dominant bait-attending fauna with an extensive bathymetric range, spanning from 4974 to 8081 m. The RV Sonne SO261 specimens were recovered along a 10-station transect from abyssal to hadal depths and further examined for demographic and bathymetric-related patterns. Ontogenetic vertical stratification was evident across the trench axis, with only juveniles present at abyssal depths (4974-6025 m). Total length-depth analysis revealed that the size of females was unrelated to depth, whereas juveniles followed a sigmoidal relationship with a step-up in size at depths >7200 m. Thus, these bathymetric trends suggest that juveniles and females employ differing ecological strategies in subduction trench environments. This study highlights that even dominant and ecologically important species are still being discovered within the abyssal and hadal environments. Continued systematic expeditions will lead to an improved understanding of the eco-evolutionary drivers of speciation in the world's largest ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna N. J. Weston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Liliana Espinosa-Leal
- Programa de Doctorado en Oceanografía, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jennifer A. Wainwright
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Eva C. D. Stewart
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Carolina E. González
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Thomas D. Linley
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - William D. K. Reid
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo E. Oliva
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Ulloa
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- HGF-MPG Group for Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28358 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Nordcee and HADAL, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronnie N. Glud
- Department of Biology, Nordcee and HADAL, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Rubén Escribano
- Departamento de Oceanografía and Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160 C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
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Weston JNJ, Peart RA, Jamieson AJ. Amphipods from the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture Zone, Indian Ocean: new genus and two new species identified by integrative taxonomy. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1729891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna N. J. Weston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Rachael A. Peart
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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7
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Milligan RJ, Scott EM, Jones DOB, Bett BJ, Jamieson AJ, O'Brien R, Pereira Costa S, Rowe GT, Ruhl HA, Smith KL, de Susanne P, Vardaro MF, Bailey DM. Evidence for seasonal cycles in deep-sea fish abundances: A great migration in the deep SE Atlantic? J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1593-1603. [PMID: 32198925 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal migrations are of global ecological significance, providing mechanisms for the transport of nutrients and energy between distant locations. In much of the deep sea (>200 m water depth), the export of nutrients from the surface ocean provides a crucial but seasonally variable energy source to seafloor ecosystems. Seasonal faunal migrations have been hypothesized to occur on the deep seafloor as a result, but have not been documented. Here, we analyse a 7.5-year record of photographic data from the Deep-ocean Environmental Long-term Observatory Systems seafloor observatories to determine whether there was evidence of seasonal (intra-annual) migratory behaviours in a deep-sea fish assemblage on the West African margin and, if so, identify potential cues for the behaviour. Our findings demonstrate a correlation between intra-annual changes in demersal fish abundance at 1,400 m depth and satellite-derived estimates of primary production off the coast of Angola. Highest fish abundances were observed in late November with a smaller peak in June, occurring approximately 4 months after corresponding peaks in primary production. Observed changes in fish abundance occurred too rapidly to be explained by recruitment or mortality, and must therefore have a behavioural driver. Given the recurrent patterns observed, and the established importance of bottom-up trophic structuring in deep-sea ecosystems, we hypothesize that a large fraction of the fish assemblage may conduct seasonal migrations in this region, and propose seasonal variability in surface ocean primary production as a plausible cause. Such trophic control could lead to changes in the abundance of fishes across the seafloor by affecting secondary production of prey species and/or carrion availability for example. In summary, we present the first evidence for seasonally recurring patterns in deep-sea demersal fish abundances over a 7-year period, and demonstrate a previously unobserved level of dynamism in the deep sea, potentially mirroring the great migrations so well characterized in terrestrial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna J Milligan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - E Marian Scott
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Alan J Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert O'Brien
- BP Exploration Operating Company Limited, Sunbury on Thames, UK
| | - Sofia Pereira Costa
- BP Angola (Block 18) BV, BP International Centre for Business & Technology, Sunbury on Thames, UK
| | | | - Henry A Ruhl
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.,Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Ken L Smith
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Philippe de Susanne
- BP Angola (Block 18) BV, BP International Centre for Business & Technology, Sunbury on Thames, UK
| | | | - David M Bailey
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Jamieson AJ, Stewart HA, Nargeolet PH. Exploration of the Puerto Rico Trench in the mid-twentieth century: Today's significance and relevance. Endeavour 2020; 44:100719. [PMID: 32513412 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Puerto Rico Trench is a deep oceanic subduction zone that runs parallel with the northern coasts of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It is the deepest place in the Atlantic Ocean with a maximum depth of approximately 8400 m. Discovered by the HMS Challenger Expedition in 1875, the depth of the trench increased multiple times in the ensuing 100 years with the onset of sonar usage. It is perhaps unique among the world's deep trenches in that a series of unrelated but equally pioneering expeditions captured the true biological and geological characteristics of one of the deepest places in the world, observations that are still highly relevant today. Multiple deep water trawling campaigns and surveys using drop cameras and exploratory dives in a deep diving submersible provided great insight into the morphology of the trench, the types of habitat within the trench, the substrate, the food supply, and the diversity of species that inhabit these extraordinary depths. Many of these accounts are obscure and disparate, yet combined bear a remarkable similarity to recent work in other trenches. These unique and insightful accounts are collated and retold here alongside recent and comparable findings to contextualise these discoveries, prevent them from being forgotten, and keep the efforts of those involved to remain relevant as we continue to explore the deepest places of the world's oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Heather A Stewart
- British Geological Survey, Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Paul-Henry Nargeolet
- RMS Titanic, Inc., a subsidiary of Premier Exhibitions, 3045 Kingston Court, Peachtree Corners, GA 30071, USA
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9
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Purser A, Herr H, Dreutter S, Dorschel B, Glud RN, Hehemann L, Hoge U, Jamieson AJ, Linley TD, Stewart HA, Wenzhöfer F. Depression chains in seafloor of contrasting morphology, Atacama Trench margin: a comment on Marsh et al. (2018). R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:182053. [PMID: 31032050 PMCID: PMC6458411 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This comment presents acoustic and visual data showing deep seafloor depression chains similar to those reported in Marsh et al. (R. Soc. open sci. 5: 180286), though from a different deep-sea setting. Marsh et al. present data collected during cruise JC120 from polymetallic nodule rich sites within the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ), at water depths of between 3999 and 4258 m. Within this comment, we present data collected with equivalent acoustic and imaging devices on-board the RV Sonne (SO261-March/April 2018) from the Atacama Trench, approximately 4000 m depth, which shows comparable depression chains in the seafloor. In contrast with the CCFZ observations, our study area was wholly free of polymetallic nodules, an observation therefore weakening the 'ballast collection' by deep-sea diving mammals formation hypothesis discussed in their paper. We support their alternate hypothesis that if these features are indeed generated by deep-diving megafauna, then they are more likely the resultant traces of infauna feeding or marks made during opportunistic capture of benthic fish/cephalopods. We observed these potential prey fauna with lander and towed camera systems during the cruise, with example images of these presented here. Both the SO261 and JC120 cruises employed high-resolution sidescan systems at deployment altitudes seldom used routinely until the last few years during scientific deep-sea surveys. Given that both cruises found these depression chains in contrasting physical regions of the East Pacific, they may have a more ubiquitous distribution than at just these sites. Thus, the impacts of cetacean foraging behaviour on deep seafloor communities, and the potential relevance of these prey sources to deep-diving species, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autun Purser
- Alfred Wegener Helmholz Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Helena Herr
- Alfred Wegener Helmholz Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Dreutter
- Alfred Wegener Helmholz Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Boris Dorschel
- Alfred Wegener Helmholz Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ronnie N. Glud
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Ocean and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laura Hehemann
- Alfred Wegener Helmholz Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hoge
- Alfred Wegener Helmholz Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas D. Linley
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- Alfred Wegener Helmholz Institute of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
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10
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Linley TD, Craig J, Jamieson AJ, Priede IG. Bathyal and abyssal demersal bait-attending fauna of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Mar Biol 2018; 165:159. [PMID: 30294008 PMCID: PMC6153865 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-018-3413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Baited cameras were deployed over a depth range of 532-5111 m in the Ionian Sea to characterise the large mobile fauna. The planned installation of a neutrino telescope also offers the potential for biological observatories. The current study was intended to aid observatory placement. At increasing depths, sediment was observed to become more uniform and animal burrows and tracks reduced. A total of 10 species of deep-sea fishes were identified from images; four elasmobranchs, which were not recorded deeper than 1841 m, and six teleosts. At depths > 3000 m, including Calypso Deep, the deepest point in the Mediterranean, only one fish species was observed; the Mediterranean grenadier, Coryphaenoides mediterraneus (3400-5111 m), extending this species' maximum recorded depth to 5111 m. Four species of decapod crustacea could be identified from images. The dressed deep-sea shrimp, Acanthephyra eximia (1346-5111 m) was the only invertebrate recorded at abyssal depths, including the deepest point. A faunal change was detected at ~ 1000 m depth. Incorporating other studies from the Eastern Mediterranean identified additional faunal boundaries at ~ 1500 m and ~ 2500 m. The time from landing the observation equipment to the arrival of the first fish increased exponentially with depth at a slower rate to that observed in the Atlantic Ocean. The estimated density of bait-attending deep-sea fish was, therefore, significantly impoverished compared to the Atlantic Ocean at equivalent depth. Barriers to colonisation, low resource input, and high temperature at depth relative to the Atlantic Ocean are probable causes of the impoverished fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Linley
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeen, AB41 6AA UK
- Present Address: School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Jessica Craig
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeen, AB41 6AA UK
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeen, AB41 6AA UK
- Present Address: School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Imants G. Priede
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeen, AB41 6AA UK
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete Greece
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11
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Zhang W, Tian RM, Sun J, Bougouffa S, Ding W, Cai L, Lan Y, Tong H, Li Y, Jamieson AJ, Bajic VB, Drazen JC, Bartlett D, Qian PY. Genome Reduction in Psychromonas Species within the Gut of an Amphipod from the Ocean's Deepest Point. mSystems 2018; 3:e00009-18. [PMID: 29657971 PMCID: PMC5893861 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00009-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphipods are the dominant scavenging metazoan species in the Mariana Trench, the deepest known point in Earth's oceans. Here the gut microbiota of the amphipod Hirondellea gigas collected from the Challenger and Sirena Deeps of the Mariana Trench were investigated. The 11 amphipod individuals included for analyses were dominated by Psychromonas, of which a nearly complete genome was successfully recovered (designated CDP1). Compared with previously reported free-living Psychromonas strains, CDP1 has a highly reduced genome. Genome alignment showed deletion of the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reducing gene cluster in CDP1, suggesting that the "piezolyte" function of TMAO is more important than its function in respiration, which may lead to TMAO accumulation. In terms of nutrient utilization, the bacterium retains its central carbohydrate metabolism but lacks most of the extended carbohydrate utilization pathways, suggesting the confinement of Psychromonas to the host gut and sequestration from more variable environmental conditions. Moreover, CDP1 contains a complete formate hydrogenlyase complex, which might be involved in energy production. The genomic analyses imply that CDP1 may have developed adaptive strategies for a lifestyle within the gut of the hadal amphipod H. gigas. IMPORTANCE As a unique but poorly investigated habitat within marine ecosystems, hadal trenches have received interest in recent years. This study explores the gut microbial composition and function in hadal amphipods, which are among the dominant carrion feeders in hadal habitats. Further analyses of a dominant strain revealed genomic features that may contribute to its adaptation to the amphipod gut environment. Our findings provide new insights into animal-associated bacteria in the hadal biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ren-Mao Tian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Salim Bougouffa
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoya Tong
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir B. Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeffrey C. Drazen
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Douglas Bartlett
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Gerringer ME, Drazen JC, Linley TD, Summers AP, Jamieson AJ, Yancey PH. Distribution, composition and functions of gelatinous tissues in deep-sea fishes. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:171063. [PMID: 29308245 PMCID: PMC5750012 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many deep-sea fishes have a gelatinous layer, or subdermal extracellular matrix, below the skin or around the spine. We document the distribution of gelatinous tissues across fish families (approx. 200 species in ten orders), then review and investigate their composition and function. Gelatinous tissues from nine species were analysed for water content (96.53 ± 1.78% s.d.), ionic composition, osmolality, protein (0.39 ± 0.23%), lipid (0.69 ± 0.56%) and carbohydrate (0.61 ± 0.28%). Results suggest that gelatinous tissues are mostly extracellular fluid, which may allow animals to grow inexpensively. Further, almost all gelatinous tissues floated in cold seawater, thus their lower density than seawater may contribute to buoyancy in some species. We also propose a new hypothesis: gelatinous tissues, which are inexpensive to grow, may sometimes be a method to increase swimming efficiency by fairing the transition from trunk to tail. Such a layer is particularly prominent in hadal snailfishes (Liparidae); therefore, a robotic snailfish model was designed and constructed to analyse the influence of gelatinous tissues on locomotory performance. The model swam faster with a watery layer, representing gelatinous tissue, around the tail than without. Results suggest that the tissues may, in addition to providing buoyancy and low-cost growth, aid deep-sea fish locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E. Gerringer
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Drazen
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Thomas D. Linley
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK
| | - Adam P. Summers
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK
| | - Paul H. Yancey
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA
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Jamieson AJ, Linley TD, Craig J. Baited camera survey of deep-sea demersal fishes of the West African oil provinces off Angola: 1200-2500m depth, East Atlantic Ocean. Mar Environ Res 2017; 129:347-364. [PMID: 28683930 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea demersal fish surveys using baited cameras were undertaken in the West African oil provinces between 1297 m and 2453 m depth in 2002, 2005 and 2008. A total of 29 deployments amounting to 16,175 images encountered 31 species of bait attending deep-sea fish from 17 families. The extrapolated species richness was 34, indicating that the survey encountered over 90% of bait attending fish species in this area. The dominant species in the area were the morid Antimora rostrata, the synaphobranchids Synaphobranchus cf. kaupii and Simenchelys parasitica, the somniosid Centroscymnus coelolepis and the zoarcid Pachycara crassiceps. An unusually high diversity of bait attending macrourids was observed in addition to patchy aggregations of zoarcids. This study serves as baseline survey data on which to base future long-term environmental monitoring of fish populations in the vicinity of the West African oil provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Jamieson
- Oceanlab, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas D Linley
- Oceanlab, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Craig
- Oceanlab, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, United Kingdom
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Ritchie H, Jamieson AJ, Piertney SB. Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite DNA Markers in the Deep-Sea Amphipod Paralicella tenuipes by Illumina MiSeq Sequencing. J Hered 2016; 107:367-71. [PMID: 27012615 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach in the deep-sea amphipod Paralicella tenuipes A total of 25 577 844 DNA sequences were filtered for microsatellite motifs of which 197 873 sequences were identified. From these sequences, 64 had sufficient flanking regions for primer design and 16 of these loci were polymorphic. Between 5 and 30 alleles were detected per locus, with an average of 13.63 alleles per locus, across a total of 120 individuals from 5 separate deep sea trenches from the Pacific Ocean. For the 16 loci, observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.116 to 0.414 and 0.422 to 0.820, respectively, with one locus displaying significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The microsatellite loci that have been isolated and described here are the first molecular markers developed for deep sea amphipods and will be invaluable for elucidating the genetic population structure and the extent of connectivity between deep ocean trenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Ritchie
- From the Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK (Ritchie and Piertney); and Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK (Jamieson).
| | - Alan J Jamieson
- From the Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK (Ritchie and Piertney); and Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK (Jamieson)
| | - Stuart B Piertney
- From the Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK (Ritchie and Piertney); and Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK (Jamieson)
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Amon DJ, Wiklund H, Dahlgren TG, Copley JT, Smith CR, Jamieson AJ, Glover AG. Molecular taxonomy ofOsedax(Annelida: Siboglinidae) in the Southern Ocean. ZOOL SCR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diva J. Amon
- Ocean and Earth Science; National Oceanography Centre; Southampton; University of Southampton; Waterfront Campus Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department; The Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | | | - Jonathan T. Copley
- Ocean and Earth Science; National Oceanography Centre; Southampton; University of Southampton; Waterfront Campus Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Craig R. Smith
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; 1000 Pope Road Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- Oceanlab; University of Aberdeen; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; Main Street Newburgh Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA UK
| | - Adrian G. Glover
- Life Sciences Department; The Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
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16
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Jeffreys RM, Burke C, Jamieson AJ, Narayanaswamy BE, Ruhl HA, Smith KL, Witte U. Feeding preferences of abyssal macrofauna inferred from in situ pulse chase experiments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80510. [PMID: 24303022 PMCID: PMC3841197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic fluctuations may significantly alter the taxonomic and biochemical composition of phytoplankton blooms and subsequently phytodetritus, the food source for the majority of deep-sea communities. To examine the response of abyssal benthic communities to different food resources we simulated a food sedimentation event containing diatoms and coccolithophorids at Station M in the NE Pacific. In one set of experiments we measured incorporation of diatomC and coccoN into the macrofauna using isotopically enriched 13C-diatoms and 15N-coccolithophores. In a second experiment we measured incorporation of C and N from dual-labelled (13C and 15N) diatoms. The second experiment was repeated 2 months later to assess the effect of seasonality. The simulated food pulses represented additions of 650 – 800 mg C m−2 and 120 mg N m−2 to the seafloor. In all cases rapid incorporation of tracer was observed within 4 days, with between 20% and 52% of the macrofauna displaying evidence of enrichment. However, incorporation levels of both diatomC and coccoN were low (<0.05% and 0.005% of the added C and N). Incorporation of labelled diatoms was similar during both June and September suggesting that the community was not food limited during either period. We found no evidence for selective ingestion of the different food types in the metazoan fauna suggesting that macrofauna do not have strong preferences for diatom vs. coccolithophore dominated phytodetrital pulses. C∶N ratios from both experiments suggest that the metazoan macrofauna community appear to have higher C demands and/or assimilation efficiencies compared to N. Concomitantly, the foraminifera preferentially selected for diatomN over coccoN, and we suggest that this may be related to foraminiferal requirements for intracellular nitrate. These experiments provide evidence that abyssal faunal feeding strategies are in part driven by an organism's internal stoichiometric budgets and biochemical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Jeffreys
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ciara Burke
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Jamieson
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy
- Ecology Department, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom
| | - Henry A. Ruhl
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth L. Smith
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, United States of America
| | - Ursula Witte
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom
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17
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Glover AG, Wiklund H, Taboada S, Avila C, Cristobo J, Smith CR, Kemp KM, Jamieson AJ, Dahlgren TG. Bone-eating worms from the Antarctic: the contrasting fate of whale and wood remains on the Southern Ocean seafloor. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131390. [PMID: 23945684 PMCID: PMC3757972 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the results from the first experimental study of the fate of whale and wood remains on the Antarctic seafloor. Using a baited free-vehicle lander design, we show that whale-falls in the Antarctic are heavily infested by at least two new species of bone-eating worm, Osedax antarcticus sp. nov. and Osedax deceptionensis sp. nov. In stark contrast, wood remains are remarkably well preserved with the absence of typical wood-eating fauna such as the xylophagainid bivalves. The combined whale-fall and wood-fall experiment provides support to the hypothesis that the Antarctic circumpolar current is a barrier to the larvae of deep-water species that are broadly distributed in other ocean basins. Since humans first started exploring the Antarctic, wood has been deposited on the seafloor in the form of shipwrecks and waste; our data suggest that this anthropogenic wood may be exceptionally well preserved. Alongside the new species descriptions, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Osedax, suggesting the clade is most closely related to the frenulate tubeworms, not the vestimentiferans as previous reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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18
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Jamieson AJ, Fujii T, Priede IG. Locomotory activity and feeding strategy of the hadal munnopsid isopod Rectisura cf. herculea (Crustacea: Asellota) in the Japan Trench. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:3010-7. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.067025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Benthic fauna in the hadal zone (6500-11,000 m) rely on maintaining sufficient locomotory activity to exploit a low, patchy and uniquely distributed food supply while exposed to high pressure, low temperatures and responding to predator-prey interactions. Very little is currently known about the locomotory capabilities of hadal fauna. In situ video footage of the isopod Rectisura cf. herculea (Birstein 1957) (Asellota, Munnopsidae) was obtained from 6945 and 7703 m deep in the Japan Trench (NW Pacific Ocean). Measurements of locomotion revealed routine walking speeds of 0.19±0.04 BL s-1 (mean ± s.d.), increasing to 0.33±0.04 BL s-1 if naturally perturbed by larger organisms. When immediately threatened by the presence of predators (decapod crustaceans), the isopods are capable of eliciting backward escape jumps and burst swimming escape responses of 2.6±1.5 BL s-1 and 4.63±0.9 BL s-1, respectively. These data suggest no significant reduction in locomotory capability despite the extreme depths in which they inhabit. These observations also revealed the isopod to be a bait-attending and aggregative species and suggest that it may not be obligatorily selecting infaunal food sources as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Jamieson
- Oceanlab, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences (IBES), University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, UK
| | - Toyonobu Fujii
- Oceanlab, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences (IBES), University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, UK
| | - Imants G. Priede
- Oceanlab, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences (IBES), University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, UK
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Jamieson
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire, AB41 6AA, UK.
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Jamieson AJ, Fujii T, Bagley PM, Priede IG. Scavenging interactions between the arrow tooth eel Synaphobranchus kaupii and the Portuguese dogfish Centroscymnus coelolepis. J Fish Biol 2011; 79:205-216. [PMID: 21722120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A scavenging interaction between the arrow tooth eel Synaphobranchus kaupii and the Portuguese dogfish Centroscymnus coelolepis, both ubiquitous components of fish assemblages at bathyal depths, was observed. Using a baited camera between 1297 and 2453 m in the eastern Atlantic Ocean continental slope, it was shown that despite consistently rapid arrival times of S. kaupii (<5 min), their feeding bouts (indicated by acute peak in numbers) did not take place until shortly after C. coelolepis arrived and removed the exterior surface of the bait (skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis carcass). Change in the numbers of S. kaupii was hence dependent on the arrival of a more powerful scavenger throughout the study site, and at the deeper stations where the population of C. coelolepis declined, S. kaupii was observed to be present but waited for >2 h before feeding, thus contradicting conventional scavenging assumptions in the presence of a food fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Jamieson
- Oceanlab, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK.
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Abstract
'Trench Connection' was the first international symposium focusing primarily on the hadal zone (depths greater than 6000 m). It was held at the University of Tokyo's Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute in November 2010. The symposium was successful in having attracted an international collective of scientists and engineers to discuss the latest developments in the exploration and understanding of the deepest environments on Earth. The symposium sessions were categorized into three themes: (i) new deep-submergence technology; (ii) trench ecology and evolution; and (iii) the physical environment. Recent technological developments have overcome the challenges of accessing the extreme depths, which have in turn prompted an international renewed interest in researching physical and biological aspects of the hadal ecosystems. This bringing together of international participants from different disciplines led to healthy discussions throughout the symposium, providing potential opportunities and realizations of where the future of unravelling hadal ecology lies. Hadal science is still at relatively rudimentary levels compared with those of shallower marine environments; however, it became apparent at the symposium that it is now an ever-expanding scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Jamieson
- Oceanlab, Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK.
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Fujii T, Jamieson AJ, Solan M, Bagley PM, Priede IG. A Large Aggregation of Liparids at 7703 meters and a Reappraisal of the Abundance and Diversity of Hadal Fish. Bioscience 2010. [DOI: 10.1525/bio.2010.60.7.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jamieson AJ, Fujii T, Mayor DJ, Solan M, Priede IG. Hadal trenches: the ecology of the deepest places on Earth. Trends Ecol Evol 2009; 25:190-7. [PMID: 19846236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hadal trenches account for the deepest 45% of the oceanic depth range and host active and diverse biological communities. Advances in our understanding of hadal community structure and function have, until recently, relied on technologies that were unable to document ecological information. Renewed international interest in exploring the deepest marine environment on Earth provides impetus to re-evaluate hadal community ecology. We review the abiotic and biotic characteristics of trenches and offer a contemporary perspective of trench ecology. The application of existing, rather than the generation of novel, ecological theory offers the best prospect of understanding deep ocean ecology.
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Jamieson AJ, Fujii T, Solan M, Matsumoto AK, Bagley PM, Priede IG. Liparid and macrourid fishes of the hadal zone: in situ observations of activity and feeding behaviour. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:1037-45. [PMID: 19129104 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using baited camera landers, the first images of living fishes were recorded in the hadal zone (6000-11000 m) in the Pacific Ocean. The widespread abyssal macrourid Coryphaenoides yaquinae was observed at a new depth record of approximately 7000 m in the Japan Trench. Two endemic species of liparid were observed at similar depths: Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis in the Japan Trench and Notoliparis kermadecensis in the Kermadec Trench. From these observations, we have documented swimming and feeding behaviour of these species and derived the first estimates of hadal fish abundance. The liparids intercepted bait within 100-200 min but were observed to preferentially feed on scavenging amphipods. Notoliparis kermadecensis act as top predators in the hadal food web, exhibiting up to nine suction-feeding events per minute. Both species showed distinctive swimming gaits: P. amblystomopsis (mean length 22.5 cm) displayed a mean tail-beat frequency of 0.47 Hz and mean caudal:pectoral frequency ratio of 0.76, whereas N. kermadecensis (mean length 31.5 cm) displayed respective values of 1.04 and 2.08 Hz. Despite living at extreme depths, these endemic liparids exhibit similar activity levels compared with shallow-water liparids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Jamieson
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, UK.
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Bailey DM, Genard B, Collins MA, Rees JF, Unsworth SK, Battle EJV, Bagley PM, Jamieson AJ, Priede IG. High Swimming and Metabolic Activity in the Deep‐Sea EelSynaphobranchus kaupiiRevealed by Integrated In Situ and In Vitro Measurements. Physiol Biochem Zool 2005; 78:335-46. [PMID: 15887080 DOI: 10.1086/430042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several complementary studies were undertaken on a single species of deep-sea fish (the eel Synaphobranchus kaupii) within a small temporal and spatial range. In situ experiments on swimming and foraging behaviour, muscle performance, and metabolic rate were performed in the Porcupine Seabight, northeast Atlantic, alongside measurements of temperature and current regime. Deep-water trawling was used to collect eels for studies of animal distribution and for anatomical and biochemical analyses, including white muscle citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities. Synaphobranchus kaupii demonstrated whole-animal swimming speeds similar to those of other active deep-sea fish such as Antimora rostrata. Metabolic rates were an order of magnitude higher (31.6 mL kg(-1) h(-1)) than those recorded in other deep-sea scavenging fish. Activities of CS, LDH, MDH, and PK were higher than expected, and all scaled negatively with body mass, indicating a general decrease in muscle energy supply with fish growth. Despite this apparent constraint, observed in situ burst or routine swimming performances scaled in a similar fashion to other studied species. The higher-than-expected metabolic rates and activity levels, and the unusual scaling relationships of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism enzymes in white muscle, probably reflect the changes in habitat and feeding ecology experienced during ontogeny in this bathyal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bailey
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh, Aberdeenshire AB41 6AA, United Kingdom.
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26
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Connell JM, Jamieson AJ, Davies E, Ingram M, Soro A, Fraser R. 11 beta-Hydroxylase activity in glucocorticoid suppressible hyperaldosteronism: lessons for essential hypertension? Endocr Res 1996; 22:691-700. [PMID: 8969929 DOI: 10.1080/07435809609043764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroid 11 beta-hydroxylation is catalysed by 11 beta-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase. Using plasma steroid ratios, the level of this process in patients with glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism (GSH) was compared with that in unaffected control subjects and in patients with Conn's syndrome. Based on both 11-deoxycortisol:cortisol (S:F) and 11-deoxycorticosterone:corticosterone (DOC:B) ratios, patients with GSH showed impaired resting 11 beta-hydroxylase activity. In GSH, but not in the other groups, the S:F ratio was significantly correlated with basal plasma aldosterone concentration. ACTH infusion increased the S:F ratio in all these patient groups, suggesting a common partial deficiency. The results also indicate that 11 beta-hydroxylation may be rate-limiting in normal subjects. In control subjects and patients with Conn's syndrome, the DOC:B ratio was not affected by ACTH. However, in GSH patients, this ratio fell markedly, indicating an increased efficiency of 11 beta-hydroxylation of DOC (but not S). This may be due to the activation by ACTH of the zona fasciculata chimaeric aldosterone synthase characteristic of this disease. Plasma aldosterone, corticosterone and DOC concentrations, appeared to be more sensitive to ACTH in GSH than the other groups. The defect in 11 beta-hydroxylation in GSH accounts for the increased levels of DOC reported in the condition, and may contribute to the phenotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Connell
- Medical Research Council Blood Pressure Group, Therapeutics Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
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