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Hanson-DeFusco J, Shi M, Du Z, Zounon O, Hounnouvi FM, DeFusco A. Systems analysis of the effects of the 2014-16 Ebola crisis on WHO-reporting nations' policy adaptations and 2020-21 COVID-19 response: a systematized review. Global Health 2023; 19:96. [PMID: 38053050 PMCID: PMC10696695 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent case studies indicate that the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak, one of the worst pre-2020 global biological catastrophes in modern history, helped some nations to better prepared their responses for the COVID-19 pandemic. While such national case studies explore how specific nations applied EVD-related policies in their domestic battle against the COVID-19 pandemic, there is no known study that assesses how many WHO nations learned from the West African crisis and to what scale. OBJECTIVE Applying the policy legacies analytical framework and a systematized literature review, this research examines how prior policy experiences with the 2014-16 EVD crisis as a large-scale emergent outbreak helped to inform and to condition WHO nations to proactively prepare their national policies and health systems for future threats, including ultimately COVID-19. METHODS A systematized literature review of 803 evaluated sources assesses to what extent Ebola-affected and non-affected nations directly modified governmental health systems in relation to this warning. The study further evaluates how nations with documented Ebola-related changes fared during COVID-19 compared to nations that did not. We present a categorical theoretical framework that allows for classifying different types of national response activities (termed conditioned learning). RESULTS Ten (90.9%) of 11 nations that were affected by 2014-16 Ebola crisis have documented evidence of repurposing their EVD-related policies to fight COVID-19. 164 (70.0%) of 234 non-EVD-affected nations had documented evidence of specifically adapting national systems to incorporate policy recommendations developed from the 2014-16 crisis, which informed their COVID-19 responses in 2020. CONCLUSIONS The shock of 2014-16 EVD outbreak affected most nations around the world, whether they experienced Ebola cases. We further develop a categorical framework that helps characterised nations previous experiences with this biological catastrophe, providing a means to analyse to what extent that individual nations learned and how these EVD-related changes helped inform their COVID-19 response. Nations that demonstrated EVD-related conditioned learning nations tended to have more stringent COVID-19 responses before April 2020 and utilized documented response mechanisms developed out of the West African crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi Hanson-DeFusco
- University of Texas at Dallas, Cecil H. Green Hall 3.526, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.
| | - Min Shi
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zoe Du
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Albert DeFusco
- Anaconda, Inc, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Gaenko A, DeFusco A, Varganov SA, Martínez TJ, Gordon MS. Interfacing the Ab Initio Multiple Spawning Method with Electronic Structure Methods in GAMESS: Photodecay of trans-Azomethane. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:10902-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert DeFusco
- Center
for Simulation and Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sergey A. Varganov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert DeFusco
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Joseph Ivanic
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Information Systems Program, SAIC—Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Michael W. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Arora P, Slipchenko LV, Webb SP, DeFusco A, Gordon MS. Solvent-Induced Frequency Shifts: Configuration Interaction Singles Combined with the Effective Fragment Potential Method. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6742-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101780r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Arora
- Department Of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, Department Of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and VeraChem LLC, PO Box 2206, Germantown, Maryland 20875
| | - Lyudmila V. Slipchenko
- Department Of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, Department Of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and VeraChem LLC, PO Box 2206, Germantown, Maryland 20875
| | - Simon P. Webb
- Department Of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, Department Of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and VeraChem LLC, PO Box 2206, Germantown, Maryland 20875
| | - Albert DeFusco
- Department Of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, Department Of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and VeraChem LLC, PO Box 2206, Germantown, Maryland 20875
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Department Of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, Department Of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and VeraChem LLC, PO Box 2206, Germantown, Maryland 20875
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Sommerfeld T, DeFusco A, Jordan KD. Model Potential Approaches for Describing the Interaction of Excess Electrons with Water Clusters: Incorporation of Long-Range Correlation Effects. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11021-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Albert DeFusco
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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Abstract
(H2O)(6) (-) appears as a "magic" number water cluster in (H2O)(n) (-) mass spectra. The structure of the (H2O)(6) (-) isomer dominating the experimental population has been established only recently [N. I. Hammer et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 109, 7896 (2005)], and the most noteworthy characteristic of this isomer is the localization of the excess electron in the vicinity of a double-acceptor monomer. In the present work, we use a quantum Drude model to characterize the low-energy isomers and the finite temperature properties of (H2O)(6) (-). Comparison with ab initio calculations shows that the use of a water model employing distributed polarizabilities and distributed repulsive sites is necessary to correctly reproduce the energy ordering of the low-lying isomers. Both the simulations and the ab initio calculations predict that there are several isomers of (H2O)(6) (-) significantly lower in energy than the experimentally observed species, suggesting that the experimental distribution is far from equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulation, University of Pittsburgh, Chevron Science Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Clarkson JR, Dian BC, Moriggi L, DeFusco A, McCarthy V, Jordan KD, Zwier TS. Direct measurement of the energy thresholds to conformational isomerization in Tryptamine: Experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:214311. [PMID: 15974742 DOI: 10.1063/1.1924454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods of stimulated emission pumping-hole filling spectroscopy (SEP-HFS) and stimulated emission pumping population transfer spectroscopy (SEP-PTS) were applied to the conformation-specific study of conformational isomerization in tryptamine [TRA, 3-(2-aminoethyl)indole]. These experimental methods employ stimulated emission pumping to selectively excite a fraction of the population of a single conformation of TRA to well-defined ground-state vibrational levels. This produces single conformations with well-defined internal energy, tunable over a range of energies from near the zero-point level to well above the lowest barriers to conformational isomerization. When the SEP step overcomes a barrier to isomerization, a fraction of the excited population isomerizes to form that product. By carrying out SEP excitation early in a supersonic expansion, these product molecules are subsequently cooled to their zero-point vibrational levels, where they can be detected downstream with a third tunable laser that probes the ground-state population of a particular product conformer via a unique ultraviolet transition using laser-induced fluorescence. The population transfer spectra (recorded by tuning the SEP dump laser while holding the pump and probe lasers fixed) exhibit sharp onsets that directly determine the energy thresholds for conformational isomerization in a given reactant-product conformer pair. In the absence of tunneling effects, the first observed transition in a given X-Y PTS constitutes an upper bound to the energy barrier to conformational isomerization, while the last transition not observed constitutes a lower bound. The bounds for isomerizing conformer A of tryptamine to B(688-748 cm(-1)), C(1)(860-1000 cm(-1)), C(2)(1219-1316 cm(-1)), D(1219-1282 cm(-1)), E(1219-1316 cm(-1)), and F(688-748 cm(-1)) are determined. In addition, thresholds for isomerizing from B to A(<1562 cm(-1)), B to F(562-688 cm(-1)), and out of C(2) to B(<747 cm(-1)) are also determined. The A-->B and B-->A transitions are used to place bounds on the relative energies of minima B relative to A, with B lying at least 126 cm(-1) above A. The corresponding barriers have been computed using both density functional and second-order many-body perturbation theory methods in order to establish the level of theory needed to reproduce experimental results. While most of the computed barriers match experiment well, the barriers for the A-F and B-F transitions are too high by almost a factor of 2. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper R Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
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Langermann S, Möllby R, Burlein JE, Palaszynski SR, Auguste CG, DeFusco A, Strouse R, Schenerman MA, Hultgren SJ, Pinkner JS, Winberg J, Guldevall L, Söderhäll M, Ishikawa K, Normark S, Koenig S. Vaccination with FimH adhesin protects cynomolgus monkeys from colonization and infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:774-8. [PMID: 10669375 DOI: 10.1086/315258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli FimH adhesin mediates binding to the bladder mucosa. In mice, a FimH vaccine protects against bacterial challenge. In this study, 4 monkeys were inoculated with 100 microgram of FimCH adhesin-chaperone complex mixed with MF59 adjuvant, and 4 monkeys were given adjuvant only intramuscularly. After 2 doses (day 0 and week 4), a booster at 48 weeks elicited a strong IgG antibody response to FimH in the vaccinated monkeys. All 8 monkeys were challenged with 1 mL of 108 E. coli cystitis isolate NU14. Three of the 4 vaccinated monkeys were protected from bacteruria and pyuria; all control monkeys were infected. These findings suggest that a vaccine based on the FimH adhesin of E. coli type 1 pili may have utility in preventing cystitis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Langermann
- MedImmune, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA. langermanns@medimmune. com
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