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Goikoetxea E, Murgia X, Serna-Grande P, Valls-i-Soler A, Rey-Santano C, Rivas A, Antón R, Basterretxea FJ, Miñambres L, Méndez E, Lopez-Arraiza A, Larrabe-Barrena JL, Gomez-Solaetxe MA. In vitro surfactant and perfluorocarbon aerosol deposition in a neonatal physical model of the upper conducting airways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106835. [PMID: 25211475 PMCID: PMC4161382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aerosol delivery holds potential to release surfactant or perfluorocarbon (PFC) to the lungs of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome with minimal airway manipulation. Nevertheless, lung deposition in neonates tends to be very low due to extremely low lung volumes, narrow airways and high respiratory rates. In the present study, the feasibility of enhancing lung deposition by intracorporeal delivery of aerosols was investigated using a physical model of neonatal conducting airways. METHODS The main characteristics of the surfactant and PFC aerosols produced by a nebulization system, including the distal air pressure and air flow rate, liquid flow rate and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), were measured at different driving pressures (4-7 bar). Then, a three-dimensional model of the upper conducting airways of a neonate was manufactured by rapid prototyping and a deposition study was conducted. RESULTS The nebulization system produced relatively large amounts of aerosol ranging between 0.3±0.0 ml/min for surfactant at a driving pressure of 4 bar, and 2.0±0.1 ml/min for distilled water (H2Od) at 6 bar, with MMADs between 2.61±0.1 µm for PFD at 7 bar and 10.18±0.4 µm for FC-75 at 6 bar. The deposition study showed that for surfactant and H2Od aerosols, the highest percentage of the aerosolized mass (∼65%) was collected beyond the third generation of branching in the airway model. The use of this delivery system in combination with continuous positive airway pressure set at 5 cmH2O only increased total airway pressure by 1.59 cmH2O at the highest driving pressure (7 bar). CONCLUSION This aerosol generating system has the potential to deliver relatively large amounts of surfactant and PFC beyond the third generation of branching in a neonatal airway model with minimal alteration of pre-set respiratory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibalitz Goikoetxea
- Research Unit for Experimental Neonatal Respiratory Physiology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Thermal and Fluids Engineering Division, Mechanical Engineering Department, TECNUN, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Xabier Murgia
- Research Unit for Experimental Neonatal Respiratory Physiology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pablo Serna-Grande
- Research Unit for Experimental Neonatal Respiratory Physiology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Adolf Valls-i-Soler
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carmen Rey-Santano
- Research Unit for Experimental Neonatal Respiratory Physiology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Thermal and Fluids Engineering Division, Mechanical Engineering Department, TECNUN, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Raúl Antón
- Thermal and Fluids Engineering Division, Mechanical Engineering Department, TECNUN, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Basterretxea
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Lorena Miñambres
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Méndez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lopez-Arraiza
- Department of Electronics and Electrotechnics, High Technical School of Maritime Studies, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Larrabe-Barrena
- Department of Electronics and Electrotechnics, High Technical School of Maritime Studies, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Gomez-Solaetxe
- Department of Electronics and Electrotechnics, High Technical School of Maritime Studies, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
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Gomez-Sanchez C, Kowalczyk T, Ruiz De Eguino G, Lopez-Arraiza A, Infante A, Rodriguez CI, Kowalewski TA, Sarrionandia M, Aurrekoetxea J. Electrospinning of poly(lactic acid)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites and their potential in chondrogenic tissue regeneration. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2014; 25:802-25. [PMID: 24754323 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.910151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the cytocompatibility and hydrolytic degradability of the new poly(lactic acid)/polyethylene glycol-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (peg-POSS/PLLA) nanocomposite as potential material for cartilage regeneration. PLLA scaffolds containing 0 to 5% of peg-POSS were fabricated by electrospinning. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC's) were cultured in vitro to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the new nanocomposite material. Hydrolytic degradation studies were also carried out to analyze the mass loss rate of the nanocomposites through time. The addition of the peg-POSS to the PLLA did not affect the processability of the nanocomposite by electrospinning. It was also observed that peg-POSS did not show any relevant change in fibers morphology, concluding that it was well dispersed. However, addition of peg-POSS caused noticeable decrease in mean fiber diameter, which made the specific surface area of the scaffold to rise. hMSC's were able to attach, to proliferate, and to differentiate into chondrocytes in a similar way onto the different types of electrospun peg-POSS/PLLA and pure PLLA scaffolds, showing that the peg-POSS as nano-additive does not exhibit any cytotoxicity. The hydrolytic degradation rate of the material was lower when peg-POSS was added, showing a higher durability of the nanocomposites through time. Results demonstrate that the addition of peg-POSS to the PLLA scaffolds does not affect its cytocompatibility to obtain hyaline cartilage from hMSC's.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gomez-Sanchez
- a Mechanical and Industrial Production Department , Mondragon Unibertsitatea , Loramendi, 4, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon , Spain
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