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Bürger F, Koch M, Fraatz MA, Omarini AB, Berger RG, Zorn H. Production of an Anise- and Woodruff-like Aroma by Monokaryotic Strains of Pleurotus sapidus Grown on Citrus Side Streams. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030651. [PMID: 35163915 PMCID: PMC8838675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The production of natural flavors by means of microorganisms is of great interest for the food and flavor industry, and by-products of the agro-industry are particularly suitable as substrates. In the present study, Citrus side streams were fermented using monokaryotic strains of the fungus Pleurotus sapidus. Some of the cultures exhibited a pleasant smell, reminiscent of woodruff and anise, as well as herbaceous notes. To evaluate the composition of the overall aroma, liquid/liquid extracts of submerged cultures of a selected monokaryon were prepared, and the volatiles were isolated via solvent-assisted flavor evaporation. Aroma extract dilution analyses revealed p-anisaldehyde (sweetish, anisic- and woodruff-like) with a flavor dilution factor of 218 as a character impact compound. The coconut-like, herbaceous, and sweetish smelling acyloin identified as (2S)-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone also contributed to the overall aroma and was described as an aroma-active substance with an odor threshold in air of 0.2 ng L−1 to 2.4 ng L−1 for the first time. Supplementation of the culture medium with isotopically substituted l-tyrosine elucidated this phenolic amino acid as precursor of p-anisaldehyde as well as of (2S)-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone. Chiral analysis via HPLC revealed an enantiomeric excess of 97% for the isolated product produced by P. sapidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Bürger
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Maximilian Koch
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Marco A. Fraatz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.A.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alejandra B. Omarini
- CONICET Asociación para el Desarrollo de Villa Elisa y Zona Héctor de Elia 1247, Villa Elisa E3265, Entre Ríos, Argentina;
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ralf G. Berger
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.B.); (M.K.); (M.A.F.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-641-99-349-00
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2
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Wang J, Zhang X, Omarini AB, Li B. Virtual screening for functional foods against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13481. [PMID: 32984999 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The special attention was paid on the interaction between functional foods and the main protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Here, 10,870 ligands were employed and screened by the molecular docking, which involved 12 kinds of functional foods (carbohydrates, fatty acids, phospholipids, vitamin, β-sitosterol, flavonoids, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, curcumin, nootkatone, β-pinene, tincturoid, betulinic acid, and their isomers/analogs/derivatives). Then, 60 ligands were obtained with the good docking affinity. Most of them belong to quercetrin and its isomers/analogs/derivatives, which also showed the highest affinity for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. The dynamic simulation indicated that quercetrin-protease and quercetrin-analog-protease showed the excellent stability. Compared with reported docking results, quercetrin should be the best inhibitor for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Considering the green and white tea are rich in quercetrin and its isomers/analogs/derivatives, tea and relative beverages may become a good option to regulate our metabolism and help us to overcome this special time. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The docking and molecular dynamics technology were combined to screen the functional foods, which would be the potential candidate of the inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2. Many functional foods screened in this work belong to necessary nutrients for body. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 would consume some necessary nutrients, and thus, damage our body. It should be further consideration whether exogenous nutrients should be provided to slow, halt, or reverse biochemical alterations and structural deterioration in our body. On the contrary, this work also provided a new possibility to design a functional food or drug to help us overcome this special time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Alejandra B Omarini
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences of La Pampa, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Binglin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Pinela J, Omarini AB, Stojković D, Barros L, Postemsky PD, Calhelha RC, Breccia J, Fernández-Lahore M, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR. Biotransformation of rice and sunflower side-streams by dikaryotic and monokaryotic strains of Pleurotus sapidus: Impact on phenolic profiles and bioactive properties. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109094. [PMID: 32331629 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are known to modify the properties of lignocellulosic materials during solid-state fermentation (SSF). In this study, agricultural side-streams (sunflower seed hulls, rice husks and rice straw) were used as substrates for SSF with dikaryotic and monokaryotic strains of Pleurotus sapidus. The phenolic profiles of the mentioned substrates were characterized by LC-DAD/ESI-MSn pre- and post- fermentation. Moreover, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities were screened against oxidizable cellular substrates, tumour and primary cell lines, and different bacteria and fungi, respectively. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the crop side-streams was reduced after fermentation with both strains of the fungus. The fermented extracts also displayed lower antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and had no hepatotoxicity. The antimicrobial activity depended upon the crop side-stream and/or SSF conditions. These results indicate that P. sapidus represent a good candidate to modify the phenolic fraction presents in crop side-streams with a consequent decrease in its bioactivities. However, the SSF with P. sapidus strains play an interesting role in the detoxification of plant materials which can be used for different applications according to the "reduce - reuse - recycle" concept contributing with the sustainable land use and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alejandra B Omarini
- INCITAP Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences of La Pampa (CONICET-UNLPam) National Scientific and Technical Research Council-National University of La Pampa. Mendoza 109 (CP6300), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina; Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH. Campus Ring 1, CP28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dejan Stojković
- University of Belgrade, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Pablo D Postemsky
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales, CERZOS-UNS/CONICET, Camino de La Carrindaga Km7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Javier Breccia
- INCITAP Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences of La Pampa (CONICET-UNLPam) National Scientific and Technical Research Council-National University of La Pampa. Mendoza 109 (CP6300), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Fernández-Lahore
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH. Campus Ring 1, CP28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marina Soković
- University of Belgrade, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Postemsky PD, Bidegain MA, Lluberas G, Lopretti MI, Bonifacino S, Inés Landache M, Zygadlo JA, Fernández-Lahore M, Omarini AB. Biorefining via solid-state fermentation of rice and sunflower by-products employing novel monosporic strains from Pleurotus sapidus. Bioresour Technol 2019; 289:121692. [PMID: 31265963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus sapidus monokaryotic strains (Mk) were screened as a novel source of mycelia to valorize rice straw (RS), rice husks (RH) and sunflower seed hulls (SSH) into value-added products through solid-state fermentation (SSF). P. sapidus Dk3174 basidiospores were cultured in the presence of Remazol Brillant Blue R for strain selection, revealing the ligninolytic ability of emerging colonies. Further screening demonstrated the intraspecific variability in dye degradation and enzyme production of 63 strains. Growth rate, biomass and enzyme production in plates containing RS, RH or SSH pointed at MkP6 as a suitable strain for pilot-scale SSF. MkP6 presented a similar laccase profile as the parental Dk3174, being greater in pasteurized substrates (300-1200 U/Kg) than in sterilized substrates (30-250 U/Kg). Peroxidase represented 25% of the total ligninolytic activity measured. The SSH fermented biomass with MkP6 obtained good yields of nanocellulose (67%) and the saccharide release for ethanol production increased by 3-4 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Postemsky
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-UNS/CONICET), Camino de La Carrindaga Km7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano A Bidegain
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms, Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-UNS/CONICET), Camino de La Carrindaga Km7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Lluberas
- Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Facultad de Ciencias, CIN, Mataojos s/n, Malvin Norte, Montevideo, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mary I Lopretti
- Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Facultad de Ciencias, CIN, Mataojos s/n, Malvin Norte, Montevideo, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Bonifacino
- Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Facultad de Ciencias, CIN, Mataojos s/n, Malvin Norte, Montevideo, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Inés Landache
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Julio A Zygadlo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, IMBIV-UNC/CONICET, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Fernández-Lahore
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alejandra B Omarini
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, INCITAP-UNLPam/CONICET, Mendoza 109, L6300DUG Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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Linke D, Omarini AB, Takenberg M, Kelle S, Berger RG. Long-Term Monokaryotic Cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida Produce High and Stable Laccase Activity Capable to Degrade ß-Carotene. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:894-912. [PMID: 30099681 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular laccase (Lacc10) was discovered in submerged cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida bleaching ß-carotene effectively without the addition of a mediator (650 mU/L, pH 4). Heterologous expression in P. pastoris confirmed the activity and structural analyses revealed a carotenoid-binding domain, which formed the substrate-binding pocket and is reported here for the first time. In order to increase activity, 106 basidiospore-derived monokaryons and crosses of compatible progenies were generated. These showed high intraspecific variability in growth rate and enzyme formation. Seventy-two homokaryons exhibited a higher activity-to-growth-rate-relation than the parental dikaryon, and one isolate produced a very high activity (1800 mU/L), while most of the dikaryotic hybrids showed lower activity. The analysis of the laccase gene of the monokaryons revealed two sequences differing in three amino acids, but the primary sequences gave no clue for the diversity of activity. The enzyme production in submerged cultures of monokaryons was stable over seven sub-cultivation cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Linke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alejandra B Omarini
- Downstream Bioprocessing Lab, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.,INCITAP (CONICET-UNLPam) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, CP 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Meike Takenberg
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kelle
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Omarini AB, Plagemann I, Schimanski S, Krings U, Berger RG. Crosses between monokaryons of Pleurotus sapidus or Pleurotus florida show an improved biotransformation of (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone. Bioresour Technol 2014; 171:113-119. [PMID: 25189516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several hundred monokaryotic and new dikaryotic strains derived thereof were established from (+)-valencene tolerant Pleurotus species. When grouped according to their growth rate on agar plates and compared to the parental of Pleurotus sapidus 69, the slowly growing monokaryons converted (+)-valencene more efficiently to the grapefruit flavour compound (+)-nootkatone. The fast growing monokaryons and the slow×slow and the fast×fast dikaryotic crosses showed similar or inferior yields. Some slow×fast dikaryons, however, exceeded the biotransformation capability of the parental dikaryon significantly. The activity of the responsible enzyme, lipoxygenase, showed a weak correlation with the yields of (+)-nootkatone indicating that the determination of enzyme activity using the primary substrate linoleic acid may be misleading in predicting the biotransformation efficiency. This exploratory study indicated that a classical genetics approach resulted in altered and partly improved terpene transformation capability (plus 60%) and lipoxygenase activity of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra B Omarini
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ina Plagemann
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Schimanski
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krings
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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