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Alfaro Gómez M, Fernández-Santos MDR, Jurado-Campos A, Soria-Meneses PJ, Montoro Angulo V, Soler AJ, Garde JJ, Rodríguez-Robledo V. On Males, Antioxidants and Infertility (MOXI): Certitudes, Uncertainties and Trends. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1626. [PMID: 37627621 PMCID: PMC10451353 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility (MI) involves various endogenous and exogenous facts. These include oxidative stress (OS), which is known to alter several physiological pathways and it is estimated to be present at high levels in up to 80% of infertile men. That is why since the late 20th century, the relationship between OS and MI has been widely studied. New terms have emerged, such as Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI), which is proposed as a new category to define infertile men with high OS levels. Another important term is MOXI: Male, Antioxidants, and Infertility. This term refers to the hypothesis that antioxidants could improve male fertility without the use of assisted reproductive technology. However, there are no evidence-based antioxidant treatments that directly improve seminal parameters or birth ratio. In this regard, there is controversy about their use. While certain scientists argue against their use due to the lack of results, others support this use because of their safety profile and low price. Some uncertainties related to the use of antioxidants for treating MI are their questionable efficacy or the difficulties in knowing their correct dosage. In addition, the lack of quality methods for OS detection can lead to excessive antioxidant supplementation, resulting in "reductive stress". Another important problem is that, although the inflammatory process is interdependent and closely linked to OS, it is usually ignored. To solve these uncertainties, new trends have recently emerged. These include the use of molecules with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, which are also able to specifically target the reproductive tissue; as well as the use of new methods that allow for reliable quantification of OS and a quality diagnosis. This review aims to elucidate the main uncertainties about MOXI and to outline the latest trends in research to develop effective therapies with clinically relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfaro Gómez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
| | - María del Rocío Fernández-Santos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Alejandro Jurado-Campos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Pedro Javier Soria-Meneses
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Vidal Montoro Angulo
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Ana Josefa Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - José Julián Garde
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Robledo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (V.M.A.); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
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Jurado-Campos A, Soria-Meneses PJ, Arenas-Moreira M, Alonso-Moreno C, Rodríguez-Robledo V, Soler AJ, Garde JJ, Del Rocío Fernández-Santos M. Minimizing sperm oxidative stress using nanotechnology for breeding programs in rams. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:106. [PMID: 37559077 PMCID: PMC10413538 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial insemination (AI) is a routine breeding technology in animal reproduction. Nevertheless, the temperature-sensitive nature and short fertile lifespan of ram sperm samples hamper its use in AI. In this sense, nanotechnology is an interesting tool to improve sperm protection due to the development of nanomaterials for AI, which could be used as delivery vehicles. In this work, we explored the feasibility of vitamin E nanoemulsion (NE) for improving sperm quality during transport. RESULTS With the aim of evaluating this proposal, ejaculates of 7 mature rams of Manchega breed were collected by artificial vagina and extended to 60 × 106 spz/mL in Andromed®. Samples containing control and NE (12 mmol/L) with and without exogenous oxidative stress (100 µmol/L Fe2+/ascorbate) were stored at 22 and 15 ºC and motility (CASA), viability (YO-PRO/PI), acrosomal integrity (PNA-FITC/PI), mitochondrial membrane potential (Mitotracker Deep Red 633), lipoperoxidation (C11 BODIPY 581/591), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA status (SCSA®) monitored during 96 h. Our results show that NE could be used to maintain ram spermatozoa during transport at 15 and 22 ºC for up to 96 h, with no appreciable loss of kinematic and physiological characteristics of freshly collected samples. CONCLUSIONS The storage of ram spermatozoa in liquid form for 2-5 d with vitamin E nanoemulsions may lead more flexibility to breeders in AI programs. In view of the potential and high versatility of these nanodevices, further studies are being carried out to assess the proposed sperm preservation medium on fertility after artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Arenas-Moreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica Y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigación Biomédicas, Unidad nanoDrug, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica Y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigación Biomédicas, Unidad nanoDrug, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Robledo
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Campus Universitario, S/N, 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana Josefa Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Campus Universitario, S/N, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Julián Garde
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Campus Universitario, S/N, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - María Del Rocío Fernández-Santos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Campus Universitario, S/N, 02071, Albacete, Spain.
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain.
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Jurado-Campos A, Soria-Meneses PJ, Sánchez-Rubio F, Niza E, Bravo I, Alonso-Moreno C, Arenas-Moreira M, García-Álvarez O, Soler AJ, Garde JJ, Fernández-Santos MDR. Vitamin E Delivery Systems Increase Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Red Deer Sperm Cells: Hydrogel and Nanoemulsion Carriers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1780. [PMID: 34829650 PMCID: PMC8615287 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has become a major concern in the field of spermatology, and one of the possible solutions to this acute problem would be the use of antioxidant protection; however, more studies are required in this field, as highly contradictory results regarding the addition of antioxidants have been obtained. Vitamin E is a powerful biological antioxidant, but its low stability and high hydrophobicity limit its application in spermatology, making the use of organic solvents necessary, which renders spermatozoa practically motionless. Keeping this in mind, we propose the use of hydrogels (HVEs) and nanoemulsions (NVEs), alone or in combination, as carriers for the controlled release of vitamin E, thus, improving its solubility and stability and preventing oxidative stress in sperm cells. Cryopreserved sperm from six stags was thawed and extended to 30 × 106 sperm/mL in Bovine Gamete Medium (BGM). Once aliquoted, the samples were incubated as follows: control, free vitamin E (1 mM), NVEs (9 mM), HVEs (1 mM), and the combination of HVEs and NVEs (H + N), with or without induced oxidative stress (100 µM Fe2+/ascorbate). The different treatments were analyzed after 0, 2, 5, and 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Motility (CASA®), viability (YO-PRO-1/IP), mitochondrial membrane potential (Mitotracker Deep Red 633), lipid peroxidation (C11 BODIPY 581/591), intracellular reactive oxygen species production (CM-H2DCFDA), and DNA status (SCSA®) were assessed. Our results show that the deleterious effects of exogenous oxidative stress were prevented by the vitamin E-loaded carriers proposed, while the kinematic sperm parameters (p ˂ 0.05) and sperm viability were always preserved. Moreover, the vitamin E formulations maintained and preserved mitochondrial activity, prevented sperm lipid peroxidation, and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (p ˂ 0.05) under oxidative stress conditions. Vitamin E formulations were significantly different as regards the free vitamin E samples (p < 0.001), whose sperm kinematic parameters drastically decreased. This is the first time that vitamin E has been formulated as hydrogels. This new formulation could be highly relevant for sperm physiology preservation, signifying an excellent approach against sperm oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jurado-Campos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (F.S.-R.); (M.A.-M.); (O.G.-Á); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Pedro Javier Soria-Meneses
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (F.S.-R.); (M.A.-M.); (O.G.-Á); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Francisca Sánchez-Rubio
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (F.S.-R.); (M.A.-M.); (O.G.-Á); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
- Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, GAI, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Enrique Niza
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Nano-CRIB, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (E.N.); (I.B.); (C.A.-M.)
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Nano-CRIB, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (E.N.); (I.B.); (C.A.-M.)
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Nano-CRIB, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (E.N.); (I.B.); (C.A.-M.)
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - María Arenas-Moreira
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (F.S.-R.); (M.A.-M.); (O.G.-Á); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Olga García-Álvarez
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (F.S.-R.); (M.A.-M.); (O.G.-Á); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Ana Josefa Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (F.S.-R.); (M.A.-M.); (O.G.-Á); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - José Julián Garde
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (F.S.-R.); (M.A.-M.); (O.G.-Á); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
| | - María del Rocío Fernández-Santos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC—UCLM—JCCM), Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.-C.); (P.J.S.-M.); (F.S.-R.); (M.A.-M.); (O.G.-Á); (A.J.S.); (J.J.G.)
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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Sánchez-Rubio F, Soria-Meneses PJ, Jurado-Campos A, Bartolomé-García J, Gómez-Rubio V, Soler AJ, Arroyo-Jimenez MM, Santander-Ortega MJ, Plaza-Oliver M, Lozano MV, Garde JJ, Fernández-Santos MR. Nanotechnology in reproduction: Vitamin E nanoemulsions for reducing oxidative stress in sperm cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:47-56. [PMID: 32768571 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is considered a powerful biological antioxidant; however, its characteristics such as high hydrophobicity and low stability limit its application. We propose to use nanotechnology as an innovative tool in spermatology, formulating nanoemulsions (NE) that accommodate vitamin E, protecting it from oxidation and promoting its release into the medium. The protective effect of the NE against oxidative stress was assessed in red deer epididymal sperm incubated at 37 °C. Cryopreserved sperm from eleven stags were thawed and extended to 400 × 106 sperm/ml in Bovine Gamete Medium (BGM). Once aliquoted, the samples were supplemented with the NE at different concentrations (0, 6 and 12 mM), with or without induced oxidative stress (100 μM Fe2+/ascorbate). The samples were evaluated after 0, 2 and 4 h of incubation at 37 °C. Motility (CASA), viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosomal status, lipoperoxidation (C11 BODIPY 581/591), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA status (SCSA®) were assessed. After 2 and 4 h of incubation, the NE were able to prevent the deleterious effects of oxidative stress, thus improving total and progression motility (P ˂0.05). Moreover, the highest concentration tested (12 mM) improved almost every sperm kinematic variable (P ˂0.05) and preserved sperm viability in samples subjected to oxidative stress. In addition, 12 mM of NE protected the acrosomes integrity, maintained and protected mitochondrial activity, prevented sperm lipoperoxidation and reduced ROS production (P ˂0.05) in samples subjected to oxidative stress. This work indicates for the first time that vitamin E formulated in NE could be a new approach against sperm oxidative damage. This could be highly relevant for sperm physiology preservation in the context of assisted reproduction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sánchez-Rubio
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain; Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, GAI, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - A J Soler
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain
| | - M M Arroyo-Jimenez
- Cellular Neurobiology and Molecular Chemistry of the Central Nervous System Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCLM, Albacete, Spain; Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - M J Santander-Ortega
- Cellular Neurobiology and Molecular Chemistry of the Central Nervous System Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCLM, Albacete, Spain; Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Plaza-Oliver
- Cellular Neurobiology and Molecular Chemistry of the Central Nervous System Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCLM, Albacete, Spain; Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), UCLM, Albacete, Spain
| | - M V Lozano
- Cellular Neurobiology and Molecular Chemistry of the Central Nervous System Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCLM, Albacete, Spain; Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), UCLM, Albacete, Spain.
| | - J J Garde
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain
| | - M R Fernández-Santos
- SaBio IREC (CSIC - UCLM - JCCM), Albacete, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy, UCLM, Albacete, Spain.
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Soria-Meneses PJ, Jurado-Campos A, Montoro V, Soler AJ, Garde JJ, Fernández-Santos MDR. Ovine sperm DNA oxidation quantification using an 8-OHdG immunodetection assay. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 54 Suppl 4:59-64. [PMID: 31625228 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to optimize 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunodetection in order to detect DNA damage caused by oxidative stress that may not be detected by other DNA integrity analysis techniques, especially due to the high compaction of DNA in ruminants. Semen samples from 6 rams were cryopreserved. After thawing, samples were subjected to the DNA oxidation quantification using an 8-OHdG immunodetection assay by flow cytometry. We have evaluated two different incubation times (30 min vs. overnight) at 4°C of the primary antibody (monoclonal anti-8-OHdG antibody). We have also compared the results of this technique with the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA® ). The analysis revealed that there were no significant differences (p > .05) between different incubation times. However, overnight incubation seems to cause more non-specific binding of the secondary antibody. Significant differences (p < .05) between subjects and oxidation controls (8 M H2 O2 /800 μM FeSO4 •7H2 O) were evident. We can conclude that the 8-OHdG immunodetection assay for DNA oxidation quantification of ram sperm can be performed subjecting sperm samples to a very high oxidative treatment.
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