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Ramnarine VR, Alshalalfa M, Mo F, Nabavi N, Erho N, Takhar M, Shukin R, Brahmbhatt S, Gawronski A, Kobelev M, Nouri M, Lin D, Tsai H, Lotan TL, Karnes RJ, Rubin MA, Zoubeidi A, Gleave ME, Sahinalp C, Wyatt AW, Volik SV, Beltran H, Davicioni E, Wang Y, Collins CC. The long noncoding RNA landscape of neuroendocrine prostate cancer and its clinical implications. Gigascience 2018; 7:4994835. [PMID: 29757368 PMCID: PMC6007253 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (tNEPC) is an aggressive variant of late-stage metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer that commonly arises through neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD). Treatment options are limited, ineffective, and, for most patients, result in death in less than a year. We previously developed a first-in-field patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of NEtD. Longitudinal deep transcriptome profiling of this model enabled monitoring of dynamic transcriptional changes during NEtD and in the context of androgen deprivation. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are implicated in cancer where they can control gene regulation. Until now, the expression of lncRNAs during NEtD and their clinical associations were unexplored. Results We implemented a next-generation sequence analysis pipeline that can detect transcripts at low expression levels and built a genome-wide catalogue (n = 37,749) of lncRNAs. We applied this pipeline to 927 clinical samples and our high-fidelity NEtD model LTL331 and identified 821 lncRNAs in NEPC. Among these are 122 lncRNAs that robustly distinguish NEPC from prostate adenocarcinoma (AD) patient tumours. The highest expressed lncRNAs within this signature are H19, LINC00617, and SSTR5-AS1. Another 742 are associated with the NEtD process and fall into four distinct patterns of expression (NEtD lncRNA Class I, II, III, and IV) in our PDX model and clinical samples. Each class has significant (z-scores >2) and unique enrichment for transcription factor binding site (TFBS) motifs in their sequences. Enriched TFBS include (1) TP53 and BRN1 in Class I, (2) ELF5, SPIC, and HOXD1 in Class II, (3) SPDEF in Class III, (4) HSF1 and FOXA1 in Class IV, and (5) TWIST1 when merging Class III with IV. Common TFBS in all NEtD lncRNA were also identified and include E2F, REST, PAX5, PAX9, and STAF. Interrogation of the top deregulated candidates (n = 100) in radical prostatectomy adenocarcinoma samples with long-term follow-up (median 18 years) revealed significant clinicopathological associations. Specifically, we identified 25 that are associated with rapid metastasis following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Two of these lncRNAs (SSTR5-AS1 and LINC00514) stratified patients undergoing ADT based on patient outcome. Discussion To date, a comprehensive characterization of the dynamic landscape of lncRNAs during the NEtD process has not been performed. A temporal analysis of the PDX-based NEtD model has for the first time provided this dynamic landscape. TFBS analysis identified NEPC-related TF motifs present within the NEtD lncRNA sequences, suggesting functional roles for these lncRNAs in NEPC pathogenesis. Furthermore, select NEtD lncRNAs appear to be associated with metastasis and patients receiving ADT. Treatment-related metastasis is a clinical consequence of NEPC tumours. Top candidate lncRNAs FENDRR, H19, LINC00514, LINC00617, and SSTR5-AS1 identified in this study are implicated in the development of NEPC. We present here for the first time a genome-wide catalogue of NEtD lncRNAs that characterize the transdifferentiation process and a robust NEPC lncRNA patient expression signature. To accomplish this, we carried out the largest integrative study that applied a PDX NEtD model to clinical samples. These NEtD and NEPC lncRNAs are strong candidates for clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varune Rohan Ramnarine
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Fan Mo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert Shukin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonal Brahmbhatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Gawronski
- Department of Computer Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Maxim Kobelev
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mannan Nouri
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harrison Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Jefferey Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cenk Sahinalp
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stanislav V Volik
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre & Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Lin YY, Gawronski A, Hach F, Li S, Numanagić I, Sarrafi I, Mishra S, McPherson A, Collins CC, Radovich M, Tang H, Sahinalp SC. Computational identification of micro-structural variations and their proteogenomic consequences in cancer. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:1672-1681. [PMID: 29267878 PMCID: PMC5946953 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Rapid advancement in high throughput genome and transcriptome sequencing (HTS) and mass spectrometry (MS) technologies has enabled the acquisition of the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data from the same tissue sample. We introduce a computational framework, ProTIE, to integratively analyze all three types of omics data for a complete molecular profile of a tissue sample. Our framework features MiStrVar, a novel algorithmic method to identify micro structural variants (microSVs) on genomic HTS data. Coupled with deFuse, a popular gene fusion detection method we developed earlier, MiStrVar can accurately profile structurally aberrant transcripts in tumors. Given the breakpoints obtained by MiStrVar and deFuse, our framework can then identify all relevant peptides that span the breakpoint junctions and match them with unique proteomic signatures. Observing structural aberrations in all three types of omics data validates their presence in the tumor samples. Results We have applied our framework to all The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and/or RNA-Seq datasets, spanning all four major subtypes, for which proteomics data from Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) have been released. A recent study on this dataset focusing on SNVs has reported many that lead to novel peptides. Complementing and significantly broadening this study, we detected 244 novel peptides from 432 candidate genomic or transcriptomic sequence aberrations. Many of the fusions and microSVs we discovered have not been reported in the literature. Interestingly, the vast majority of these translated aberrations, fusions in particular, were private, demonstrating the extensive inter-genomic heterogeneity present in breast cancer. Many of these aberrations also have matching out-of-frame downstream peptides, potentially indicating novel protein sequence and structure. Availability and implementation MiStrVar is available for download at https://bitbucket.org/compbio/mistrvar, and ProTIE is available at https://bitbucket.org/compbio/protie. Contact cenksahi@indiana.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yi Lin
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Faraz Hach
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sujun Li
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ibrahim Numanagić
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Iman Sarrafi
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Swati Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew McPherson
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Haixu Tang
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - S Cenk Sahinalp
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Vogeley K, Kirchner JC, Gawronski A, Tebartz van Elst L, Dziobek I. Toward the development of a supported employment program for individuals with high-functioning autism in Germany. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 263 Suppl 2:S197-203. [PMID: 24077909 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human-human interactions are of central relevance for the success in professional and occupational environments, which also substantially influence quality of life. This is especially true in the case of individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA), who experience deficits in social cognition that often lead to social exclusion and unemployment. Despite good education and high motivation, individuals with HFA do not reach employment rates that are substantially higher than 50 %. This is an alarmingly high rate of unemployment considering that the United Nations have recently emphasized the inclusion of handicapped persons as a mandatory human right. To date, the specific needs of autistic persons with respect to their working environment are largely unexplored. It remains moreover an open question how support systems and activities, including newly developed communication devices for professional environments of individuals with HFA, should look like. The German health and social care systems are not adequately prepared for the proper support of this population. This leads us to suggest that supported employment programs should be developed for adults with HFA that specifically address their needs and requirements. Such programs should comprise (1) the adequate assessment of HFA, including a neuropsychological profile and an individual matching of persons' preferences with requirements of the working place, (2) on-the-job coaching activities that include systematic communication and interaction training, and (3) instruction of non-autistic peers, including colleagues and supervisors, about weaknesses and strengths of HFA.
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Lehnhardt FG, Gawronski A, Volpert K, Schilbach L, Tepest R, Vogeley K. [Psychosocial functioning of adults with late diagnosed autism spectrum disorders--a retrospective study]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2011; 80:88-97. [PMID: 22086712 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first time diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after passing childhood and adolescence is still considered a rare event. However, in recent years an increasing demand for diagnostic clarifications with suspected ASD in adulthood challenges this view. There is insufficient knowledge about the neuropsychological characterisation and psychosocial outcome of this adult subgroup in the autistic spectrum. AIM To determine the psychosocial functioning (living status, partnerships, level of education, psychiatric history) of adult patients with late diagnosed ASD. METHODS In a retrospective study, a chart review was conducted on 178 consecutively diagnosed individuals at a specialised outpatient clinic for adults with ASD. Global ratings of psychosocial functioning, assessment of psychiatric history and neuropsychological and psychopathological investigations were evaluated. RESULTS The majority of patients (92 %) diagnosed with ASD suffered from high-functioning autism (HFA)/Asperger syndrome (AS) according to the criteria of ICD-10 (F84.5). The gender ratio was 2:1 favouring males. Mean age at diagnosis (34.1 ± 9.5 years), general intelligence (HAWIE-R, global-IQ 115 ± 20) and self-rated autistic symptoms (autism spectrum quotient [AQ] 39 ± 6) were not discriminative to gender. The psychiatric history revealed a lifetime consultation rate of 78 %, most frequently with depression (50 %). The self-report instrument Beck depression inventory (BDI) identified 30 % of individuals presenting with depressive symptoms in clinical relevant intensity (BDI > 17). Achievement of an independent living status was reported by 68 % of individuals, 58 % reported about current or past intimate partnerships and almost two-thirds of the patients had achieved a higher educational status. DISCUSSION The majority of ASD diagnosed late in lifetime turned out to be HFA/AS, presenting with high psychosocial adjustment with regard to independent living, educational status and partnerships. The high level of global intelligence supports the hypothesis of cognitively compensated autistic disturbances leading to the diagnosis comparably late in lifetime. The lifetime rate of psychiatric consultations is high, reflecting the importance to consider a diagnosis of ASD even late in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-G Lehnhardt
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Köln.
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Tchagang AB, Gawronski A, Bérubé H, Phan S, Famili F, Pan Y. GOAL: a software tool for assessing biological significance of genes groups. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11:229. [PMID: 20459620 PMCID: PMC2873542 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern high throughput experimental techniques such as DNA microarrays often result in large lists of genes. Computational biology tools such as clustering are then used to group together genes based on their similarity in expression profiles. Genes in each group are probably functionally related. The functional relevance among the genes in each group is usually characterized by utilizing available biological knowledge in public databases such as Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG pathways, association between a transcription factor (TF) and its target genes, and/or gene networks. RESULTS We developed GOAL Gene Ontology AnaLyzer, a software tool specifically designed for the functional evaluation of gene groups. GOAL implements and supports efficient and statistically rigorous functional interpretations of gene groups through its integration with available GO, TF-gene association data, and association with KEGG pathways. In order to facilitate more specific functional characterization of a gene group, we implement three GO-tree search strategies rather than one as in most existing GO analysis tools. Furthermore, GOAL offers flexibility in deployment. It can be used as a standalone tool, a plug-in to other computational biology tools, or a web server application. CONCLUSION We developed a functional evaluation software tool, GOAL, to perform functional characterization of a gene group. GOAL offers three GO-tree search strategies and combines its strength in function integration, portability and visualization, and its flexibility in deployment. Furthermore, GOAL can be used to evaluate and compare gene groups as the output from computational biology tools such as clustering algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain B Tchagang
- Knowledge Discovery Group, Institute for Information Technology, National Research Council, Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6 Canada.
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