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Nosalova N, Huniadi M, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Horňák S, Nagoos K, Vozar J, Cizkova D. Canine Mammary Tumors: Classification, Biomarkers, Traditional and Personalized Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2891. [PMID: 38474142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have focused their attention on the dog as a proper animal model for human cancer. In dogs, mammary tumors develop spontaneously, involving a complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system and revealing several molecular and clinical similarities to human breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the major features of canine mammary tumor, risk factors, and the most important biomarkers used for diagnosis and treatment. Traditional therapy of mammary tumors in dogs includes surgery, which is the first choice, followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy. However, these therapeutic strategies may not always be sufficient on their own; advancements in understanding cancer mechanisms and the development of innovative treatments offer hope for improved outcomes for oncologic patients. There is still a growing interest in the use of personalized medicine, which should play an irreplaceable role in the research not only in human cancer therapy, but also in veterinary oncology. Moreover, immunotherapy may represent a novel and promising therapeutic option in canine mammary cancers. The study of novel therapeutic approaches is essential for future research in both human and veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nosalova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mykhailo Huniadi
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomir Horňák
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Nagoos
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Vozar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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Hurná B, Sučik M, Staroň M, Tutka Š, Maková Z, Galajda R, Valenčáková A. Molecular Detection of Nosema spp. in Three Eco Regions of Slovakia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4814-4825. [PMID: 37367055 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are unicellular obligate intracellular parasitic fungi that infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. There are two known species of microsporidia infecting honey bees in Slovakia- first Nosema apis and also Nosema ceranae. Our aim was to examine samples of honey bees collected from bee queen breeders in three ecoregions of the Slovak Republic in 2021 and 2022. First, microscopic diagnostics were used, and then randomly selected samples were examined using molecular methods. There were 4018 samples examined using microscopic diagnostics and the positivity was demonstrated in 922 samples. From the microscopically diagnosed positive samples, 507 samples were randomly selected, and using molecular methods, the positivity was proved in 488 samples. After sequencing the positive PCR products and comparing the sequences (BLAST) with the sequences stored in the gene bank, the Nosema ceranae species was detected in all positive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Hurná
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Monika Sučik
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Staroň
- VÚŽV Nitra-Institute of Apiculture Liptovský Hrádok, Gašperíkova 599, 033 80 Liptovský Hrádok, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Tutka
- VÚŽV Nitra-Institute of Apiculture Liptovský Hrádok, Gašperíkova 599, 033 80 Liptovský Hrádok, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Maková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Richard Galajda
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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Humenik F, Maloveská M, Hudáková N, Petroušková P, Šufliarska Z, Horňáková Ľ, Valenčáková A, Kožár M, Šišková B, Mudroňová D, Bartkovský M, Čížková D. Impact of Canine Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media on the Wound Healing Process: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098214. [PMID: 37175924 PMCID: PMC10179513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a beneficial treatment effect of mesenchymal stem cell products derived from the canine amniotic membrane (AM-MSC) on the complicated wound healing process in dogs. AM-MSCs were characterized in terms of morphology, phenotypic profile, and multilineage differentiation potential. The in vitro study of the effect of canine amniotic mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (AMMSC-CM) on a primary skin fibroblast cell culture scratch assay showed a decrease in the measured scratch area of about 66.39% against the negative control (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-32.55%) and the positive control (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with FGF2, N2, B27, and EGF-82.077%) after 72 h treatment. In the experimental study, seven dogs with complicated nonhealing wounds were treated with a combination of antibiotics, NSAIDs, and local AMMSC-CM application. After 15 days of therapy, we observed a 98.47% reduction in the wound surface area as opposed to 57.135% in the control group treated by conventional therapy based on debridement of necrotic tissue, antibiotic therapy, pain management, and change of wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Humenik
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Maloveská
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Hudáková
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Šufliarska
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Horňáková
- Small Animal Clinic, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Small Animal Clinic, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kožár
- Small Animal Clinic, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Šišková
- Small Animal Clinic, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Bartkovský
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Daša Čížková
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
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Sučik M, Valenčáková A. Comparison of Chemical and Biological Methods of Filtering Cryptosporidia from Water. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12675. [PMID: 36231975 PMCID: PMC9566534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that Cryptosporidium spp. is a parasite which commonly causes diarrhea, it still receives little attention. In our experiment, we focused on comparing the biological (N. davidi shrimp) and physical (zeolite with different thicknesses) possibility of filtering cryptosporidia from a small volume of water, which could contribute to increasing the catchability of this parasite. We monitored the ability to capture oocysts of the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum, genotype IIaA11G2R1, found in water samples. We infected drinking water with feces with a known number of cryptosporidial oocysts. One gram of sample contained ±28 oocysts. We filtered eight water samples with different concentrations of oocysts (0.1-2 g of infected stool per 15 L of water) using zeolite with a particle thickness of 0.2-0.6 mm and 0-0.3 mm. This was followed by purification, centrifugation and isolation utilizing the isolation kit AmpliSens® DNA-sorb-B, which is intended for stool. In total, 120 shrimp were divided into four aquariums (A, B, C, n = 30) including the control (K), while drinking water with the same parameters was infected with different concentrations of oocysts (A: 2.5 g, B: 2 g, C: 1 g of infected stool per 15 L of water). We took 10 individual shrimp and processed them in three time intervals (6 h, 12 h and 24 h). We processed them whole, and we isolated the DNA utilizing the isolation kit AmpliSens® DNA-sorb-AM, which is intended for tissues. Detection was carried out by molecular methods, namely the Nested PCR targeting of the region of the GP60 gene (60 kD glycoprotein). Gel electrophoresis showed the presence of C. parvum in seven zeolite-filtered water samples, and the parasite was not found in the water sample with the lowest number of oocysts filtered through the smaller-particle zeolite. There were 67 C. parvum-positive shrimp. Whereas the most positive shrimp were identified at 12 h of sampling, the least were identified at the 24 h mark. No shrimp positive for C. parvum was found in the control group. By sequencing, we confirmed the presence of C. parvum, genotype IIaA11G2R1, in all positive samples. We thus proved that the filtration capabilities of zeolite and N. davidi can be used for the rapid diagnosis of the presence of protozoa in a small amount of studied water.
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Valenčáková A, Sučik M, Danišová O, Kandráčová P, Tomko M, Valocký I. Detection of Blastocystis spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Encephalitozoon spp. among wild animals from Eastern Slovakia. Acta Vet Hung 2022; 70:220-225. [PMID: 36129794 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to draw attention to the risk of transmission of Encephalitozoon, Cryptosporidium and Blastocystis infection due to high animal migration and to point out that even wild animals can be a source of many zoonotic diseases. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Cryptosporidium spp. and Blastocystis spp. are frequent microscopic organisms that parasitise humans, domestic and wild animals. Two hundred and fifty-five faecal specimens were collected from wild boars, badgers, wolves, bears, foxes and deer from 15 locations in Slovakia. Sequencing of positive PCR products and subsequent sequence comparison with GenBank sequences identified Blastocystis spp. in five wild boars. The ST 5 (n = 4) and ST 10 (n = 1) subtypes were determined by genotyping. We identified Encephalitozoon cuniculi in five wild boars, and genotype II (n = 5) was determined on the basis of ITS repeat sequences. Cryptosporidium scrofarum was sequenced in wolves (n = 4) and wild boars (n = 1), while Cryptosporidium suis only in wild boars (n = 2). None of the wild boars had a mixed infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Valenčáková
- 1 Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Sučik
- 1 Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Oľga Danišová
- 1 Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Kandráčová
- 1 Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Tomko
- 1 Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Valocký
- 2 Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Danišová O, Valenčáková A, Kandráčová P, Tomko M, Sučik M. First report of Blastocystis spp. subtypes in ZOO animals in Slovakia, Central Europe. Ann Agric Environ Med 2022; 29:149-151. [PMID: 35352919 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/145826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis spp. has been reported in wildlife, domestic animals and animals housed in ZOO. To-date, 17 genetically diverse lines have been reported in mammals and birds (designated ST) based on differences in the SSU rRNA. In this study, faeces samples were collected from 24 ZOO animals with clinical signs suggestive of gastrointestinal disease in Košice ZOO, Slovakia. After DNA isolation, PCR was conducted to amplify the SSU region of DNA of Blastocystis species. Forward primer- Blast F and reverse primer- Blast R were used in the reaction. From 25 faeces samples, Blastocystis spp. was detected in 5 animals (3 mammals, 2 birds), with a prevalence of 20%. Subsequent molecular analyses identified the ST 5 (n = 3), ST 7 (n = 1), and ST 12 (n = 1) subtypes, where the ST 5 subtype was identified in the mammalian group and birds, and the ST 7 and ST 12 subtypes were identified only in mammals. Based on these findings, focusing on ZOO animals as a potential source of infection for humans is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oľga Danišová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Petra Kandráčová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Tomko
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Sučik
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Galajda R, Valenčáková A, Sučik M, Kandráčová P. Nosema Disease of European Honey Bees. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090714. [PMID: 34575752 PMCID: PMC8468538 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosematosis is currently a frequently discussed honey bee disease caused by two types of Microsporidia: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosematosis as an intestinal disease caused by these species is one of the main factors associated with the weakening and loss of hives, with none of the stressors acting in isolation and all having an important synergistic or additive effect on the occurrence of parasitic infection. The most important factors are exposure to pesticides and nutritional stress, both worsening the immune response. Honey bees Apis mellifera become more susceptible to parasites and subsequently the disease manifests itself. Choosing the right laboratory diagnostics is important to determine the prevalence of both species. Our review summarizes the most commonly used methodologies, especially polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is a reliable method for detecting nosematosis, as well as for distinguishing between the two species causing the disease.
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Danišová O, Valenčáková A. First detection of Blastocystis sp. in pigs in Slovakia and in Europe. Parasitol Int 2020; 81:102235. [PMID: 33166656 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a single-cell microorganism occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and various animals and is distributed worldwide. Blastocystis exhibits extensive genetic diversity of 28 subtypes (STs) based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. In this study, the genetic diversity and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis were evaluated using pig faecal samples from two farms in Slovakia. Blastocystis spp. were detected in pigs intended for distribution and consumption. ST 5 subtype was identified in all positive samples and age categories with a prevalence of 12%. However, the prevalence on one of the farms was up to 28.6%. This is the first study of Blastocystis in pigs carried out in Slovakia. Although a number of samples obtained was small, the identified subtype of ST5 Blastocystis sp. occurs in humans and animals. It may have zoonotic potential and therefore may be a risk factor due to the close contact between humans and pigs on the breeding farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oľga Danišová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biology and Genetics, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biology and Genetics, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Valenčáková A, Sučik M. Alternatives in Molecular Diagnostics of Encephalitozoon and Enterocytozoon Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E114. [PMID: 32707956 PMCID: PMC7558530 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens that are currently considered to be most directly aligned with fungi. These fungal-related microbes cause infections in every major group of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate, and more recently, because of AIDS, they have been identified as significant opportunistic parasites in man. The Microsporidia are ubiquitous parasites in the animal kingdom but, until recently, they have maintained relative anonymity because of the specialized nature of pathology researchers. Diagnosis of microsporidia infection from stool examination is possible and has replaced biopsy as the initial diagnostic procedure in many laboratories. These staining techniques can be difficult, however, due to the small size of the spores. The specific identification of microsporidian species has classically depended on ultrastructural examination. With the cloning of the rRNA genes from the human pathogenic microsporidia it has been possible to apply polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for the diagnosis of microsporidial infection at the species and genotype level. The absence of genetic techniques for manipulating microsporidia and their complicated diagnosis hampered research. This study should provide basic insights into the development of diagnostics and the pitfalls of molecular identification of these ubiquitous intracellular pathogens that can be integrated into studies aimed at treating or controlling microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
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Halánová M, Valenčáková A, Jarčuška P, Halán M, Danišová O, Babinská I, Dedinská K, Čisláková L. Screening of opportunistic Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in immunocompromised patients in Slovakia. Cent Eur J Public Health 2020; 27:330-334. [PMID: 31951694 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years new infectious diseases, i.e. emerging or re-emerging diseases, have been coming to the forefront. Currently, microsporidia, considered to be a major cause of emerging and opportunistic infections particularly in immunocompromised individuals, are also included in this group. Therefore, the aim of our study was to map the prevalence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in a group of patients and to compare it with the occurrence of specific antigens in immunocompetent people. METHODS Detection of spores of both pathogens in faecal samples was performed by an immunofluorescence test using species-specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Positivity to E. intestinalis in 91 examined immunosuppressed patients reached 33% (30/91), while only 4.3% (3/70) of the control group samples were found to be positive (relative risk 7.7, p < 0.001). In case of E. bieneusi 14.3% (13/91) of immunocompromised patients were positive, as were 5.7% (4/70) of people from the control group (relative risk 2.5, p = 0.095). CONCLUSION In case of development of any opportunistic infection, the infection is detected and removed in most cases at an early stage. The incidence of clinically manifested microsporidiosis in patients with immunodeficiency is rare as they are under constant medical supervision. However, we must not forget about opportunistic infections, and in case of any non-specific symptoms it is necessary to exclude or confirm the diagnosis for immediate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Halánová
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Jarčuška
- Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Miloš Halán
- Department of Epizootology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Oľga Danišová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingrid Babinská
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Kinga Dedinská
- Department of Haematology and Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lýdia Čisláková
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Valenčáková A, Danišová O. Molecular characterization of new genotypes Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Slovakia. Acta Trop 2019; 191:217-220. [PMID: 30586572 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is characterized as a ubiquitous intestinal parasite with a wide genetic diversity, and it is capable of infecting a diverse range of hosts all around the world. Since information about the genotype diversity of E. bieneusi in pigs, calves, sheep and goats in Slovakia is very limited, we examined three farms where we mapped the occurrence of E. bieneusi and its genotypes, thus contributing to the information about geographic diversity of this pathogen worldwide. In this study we used PCR methods to examine 253 fecal samples from pigs, calves, sheep and goats with suspected microsporidiosis. Real time PCR was used to identify genotypes by amplification of SSU region and ITS region. After analysis we detected presence of E. bieneusi (7) and Microsporidia sp. (6) in 13 samples. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of ITS region of E. bieneusi shows, that the positive isolates belonged to 5 genotypes, including two known genotypes (I, F) and three new genotypes diagnosed in pigs, named SVK-S1, SVK-S2 and SVK-S3. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel genotypes identified in present study belong to group 1, which previously has been described as a zoonotic group. Genotype I was detected in two calves and genotype F was detected in two pigs.
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Hatalová E, Valenčáková A, Luptáková L, Špalková M, Kalinová J, Halánová M, Bednárová V, Gabzdilová J, Dedinská K, Ondriska F, Boldiš V. The first report of animal genotypes of
Cryptosporidium parvum
in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent humans in Slovakia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:243-249. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hatalová
- The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Košice Slovakia
| | | | - Lenka Luptáková
- The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Michaela Špalková
- The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Košice Slovakia
| | - Jana Kalinová
- The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Košice Slovakia
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Čechová L, Halánová M, Babinská I, Danišová O, Bartkovský M, Marcinčák S, Marcinčáková D, Valenčáková A, Čisláková L. Chlamydiosis in farmed chickens in Slovakia and zoonotic risk for humans. Ann Agric Environ Med 2018; 25:320-325. [PMID: 29936804 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/82948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium causing respiratory disease (chlamydiosis) or asymptomatic carriage in poultry. In humans, it is a zoonotic agent of ornithosis/psittacosis. Due to low awareness of the disease and variable clinical presentation, psittacosis is often remains unrecognised as such by general practitioners. Zoonotic transfer occurs through inhalation of contaminated aerosols, and originates from feathers, faecal material and respiratory tract exudates. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate chickens for the presence of Chlamydia sp. from pharyngeal and cloacal swabs and review the zoonotic risk for humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS 138 clinically healthy chickens from farms in Slovakia were examined for the presence of Chlamydia sp. The age of the chickens was 6 months. Two different samples were used - pharyngeal swabs and cloacal swabs. Each sample was examined by the molecular PCR method, and in the case of a positive result the identity of the obtained sequences was examined by a BLAST search. RESULTS Of the total number of 276 examined samples from 138 chickens, 19 (6.9%) showed positivity for C. psittaci infection, 12 (8.7%) which were positive from pharyngeal swabs and 7 (5.1%) from cloacal swabs. None of the chickens were positive in both samples. Phylogenetic examination of the 19 isolates identified in the study, based on the 23S rRNA gene sequence, revealed that the isolates obtained were identical with C. psittaci, and genetically very close to genotypes B and genotype E. CONCLUSIONS C. psittaci infections are apparently emerging in chickens. Chicken-processing plant employees should be considered a risk group for human psittacosis. There is a need for higher awareness and for efficient risk assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Čechová
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Monika Halánová
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ingrid Babinská
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Oľga Danišová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Bartkovský
- Department of Hygiene and Food Industry Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Hygiene and Food Industry Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Dana Marcinčáková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Lýdia Čisláková
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.
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Kalinová J, Valenčáková A, Hatalová E, Danišová O, Trungelová M, Hromada R. Occurrence of Cryptosporidium in the water basins of nitra region, slovakia. Acta Trop 2018; 179:36-38. [PMID: 29274309 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium species C. parvum and C. hominis are a common cause of human diarrheal infections worldwide. In this study we attempted to detect these parasites in fish ponds and a water reservoirs in the Nitra region of Slovakia. We identified C. parvum genotype IIaA15G1R1 and genotype IIaA16G1R1 and C. hominis genotype IeA11G3T3 in these locations. Occurrence of the same genotype of C. hominis in two different locations indicates that this parasite is most likely present in the river that connects them. These results indicate a serious threat to public health of humans since these locations are used for fishing and for recreational activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalinová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Department of Biology and Genetics, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Valenčáková
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Department of Biology and Genetics, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - E Hatalová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Department of Biology and Genetics, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - O Danišová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Department of Biology and Genetics, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - M Trungelová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Department of Biology and Genetics, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - R Hromada
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Department of Environment, Veterinary legislation and Economy, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Danišová O, Valenčáková A, Stanko M, Luptáková L, Hatalová E, Čanády A. Rodents as a reservoir of infection caused by multiple zoonotic species/genotypes of C. parvum, C. hominis, C. suis, C. scrofarum, and the first evidence of C. muskrat genotypes I and II of rodents in Europe. Acta Trop 2017; 172:29-35. [PMID: 28433573 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. is an important causative agent of intestinal parasitoses-induced diarrhoea in humans and animals worldwide. Rodents (small mammals), the main reservoir of infections, are globally expanded and overpopulated, which increases the risk of transfer of human and zoonotic pathogens from the genus Cryptosporidium. In this study, Cryptosporidium was detected in wild immunocompetent asymptomatic small mammals. Altogether 262 fecal samples were collected from five areas in Eastern Slovakia from four different rodent species (Myodes glareolus, Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Rattus norvegicus), eight samples originated from two insectivore species (Sorex araneus, Crocidura suaveolens), and two sample from a carnivore Mustela nivalis. The samples were examined using a method modified in our laboratory, based on the use of specific primers on a small subunit rRNA (18S rRNA) gene for species identification, and amplification of GP60 gene coding 60-kDa glycoprotein for genotype determination. The following species were identified: Cryptosporidium parvum (n=15), genotypes IIaA18G3R1 (n=11; KU311673), IIaA10G1R1 (n=1; KU311670), IIcA5G3a (n=1; KU311669), IIiA10 (n=2; KU311672); Cryptosporidium suis (n=4; KU311671); Cryptosporidium scrofarum (n=28); Cryptosporidium environment sp. (n=12; KU311677); Cryptosporidium muskrat genotype I (n=3; KU311675); Cryptosporidium muskrat genotype II (n=3; KU311676). From one of the rodent, the species Cryptosporidium hominis genotype IbA10G2 (KU311668) was identified for the first time. The results of this study indicate low host specificity of the detected Cryptosporidium species and imply the importance of free-living small mammals in urban and suburban habitats as a potential source of human cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oľga Danišová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Stanko
- Institute of Parasitology and Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Science, Hlinková 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Luptáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Elena Hatalová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexander Čanády
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, Moyzesová 11, 040 02 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Danišová O, Valenčáková A, Petrincová A. Detection and identification of six Cryptospordium species in livestock in Slovakia by amplification of SSU and GP60 genes with the use of PCR analysis. Ann Agric Environ Med 2016; 23:254-258. [PMID: 27294628 DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1203886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we examined 200 faecal samples from pigs and calves with suspected cryptosporidiosis were examined by the PCR methods: nested PCR for amplification of SSU region; nested PCR for amplification of GP60 region; and with restriction analysis of DNA (PCR-RFLP). The sequencing identified the following species: Cryptosporidium muris (2), Cryptosporidium andersoni (1), Cryptosporidium bovis (4), Cryptosporidium suis (2), Cryptosporidium scrofarum (10), mixed infection caused by C. scrofarum and C. muris (1),and Cryptosporidium parvum (10) genotype A subtype IIaA17G2R1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that livestock can be an important source of zoonotic species or genotypes of Cryptosporidium, which may adversely affect the public health of human populations. This is the first time in our country that the Cryptosporidium species has been identified in livestock in Slovakia. The identification and genotyping of this pathogen in Slovakia, completes the epidemiological situation in Europe for Cryptosporidum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oľga Danišová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Antónia Petrincová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Čechová L, Halánová M, Kalinová Z, Čisláková L, Halán M, Valenčáková A. Detection of CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI in feral pigeons (COLUMBA LIVIA DOMESTICA) in Slovakia and their characterisation. Ann Agric Environ Med 2016; 23:75-78. [PMID: 27007521 DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1196856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Chlamydia psittaci, an obligate intracellular bacterium, which is the etiologic agent of avian chlamydiosis in birds and ornithosis/psittacosis in humans, has been reported to be one of the most common pathogens found in feral pigeons worldwide, and thus constitutes a zoonotic risk. The aim of the study was to investigate pigeons in Slovakia living in areas in close proximity to humans for the presence of C. psittaci, using pharyngeal and cloacal swabs. MATERIAL AND METHODS 122 clinically healthy pigeons from different geographical regions of Slovakia were examined for the presence of C. psittaci. The adult pigeons of both genders were captured during the summer period in the urban centres of Slovakian towns. Each sample was examined by molecular method PCR, and in the case of positive result the identity of the obtained sequence was examined by a BLAST search. RESULTS Of the total number of 244 examined samples, 14 (5.7%) showed positivity for C. psittaci infection, 5 of which were from pharyngeal swabs (4.1%) and 9 from cloacal swabs (7.4%). A positive result was detected in 13 pigeons (10.7%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the positive samples are genetically very close to genotypes B and genotype E. CONCLUSION Phylogenetic examination of the 14 isolates of C. psittaci identified in the presented study, based on 23S rRNA gene sequence, revealed their close relationship with C. psittaci genotypes B and E. Both genotypes are predominantly prevalent in pigeons and both can be transmitted to humans. Therefore, it is necessary to perform screening examinations of animals and analyse the epidemiological factors affecting the way of transmission and circulation of pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Čechová
- P. J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Halánová
- P. J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Kalinová
- P. J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lýdia Čisláková
- P. J. Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Miloš Halán
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Parasitology, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biology and Genetics, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Petrincová A, Valenčáková A, Luptáková L, Ondriska F, Kalinová J, Halánová M, Danišová O, Jarčuška P. Molecular characterization and first report of Cryptosporidium genotypes in human population in the Slovak Republic. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2925-30. [PMID: 26264819 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we examined 91 fecal samples from five different groups of people containing HIV patients, hemodialysis patients, kidney transplant recipients, immunocompetent humans without clinical signs, and humans with suspected cryptosporidiosis. The purpose of our study was to determine species and genotype composition of representatives of Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene and examine their phylogenetic relationship. In HIV-positive/AIDS-infected group of patients and in hemodialysis patients, no presence of Cryptosporidium species was detected. In two kidney transplant recipients, we detected species/genotypes Cryptosporidium parvum IIaA13G1T1R1 (KT355488) and Cryptosporidium hominis IaA11G2R8 (KT355489) and in two immunocompetent patients with clinical symptoms, we identified Cryptosporidium muris and C. hominis IbA10G2T1 (KT355490). In the group of healthy immunocompetent individuals without clinical signs, we identified species/genotype C. hominis IbA11G2 (KT355491) in one sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antónia Petrincová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Luptáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - František Ondriska
- HPL, spol. s r. o, Department of Parasitology, Devinská Nová Ves, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Kalinová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Halánová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Oľga Danišová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Jarčuška
- Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Danišová O, Valenčáková A, Stanko M, Luptáková L, Hasajová A. First report of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection of wild mice in Slovakia. Ann Agric Environ Med 2015; 22:251-252. [PMID: 26094518 DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1152075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased risk of zoonotic transmission of the potential human pathogenic species Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Encephalitozoon cuniculi was detected in wild immunocompetent mice (Mus musculus musculus; n=280). Analysis was conducted with the use of PMP1/PMP2 primers and SYBR Green RT-PCR. Using Real Time PCR and comparing the sequences with sequences in the GenBank, E. bieneusi was detected in 3 samples (1.07 %), E. cuniculi in 1 sample (0.35 %) and E. intestinalis in 1 sample (0.35 %). The results of this report document the low host specificity of detected microsporidia species, and imply the importance of synanthropic rodents as a potential source of human microsporidial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oľga Danišová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Stanko
- Department of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Science, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Luptáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Antónia Hasajová
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Adam J, Valenčáková A, Halánová M, Danišová O, Gorbarová K, Čisláková L. Serological screening of selected microsporidia in HPV-positive women. Acta Parasitol 2014. [PMID: 26204020 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidiosis is considered to be emerging opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the specific serum antibodies to intestinal microsporidia Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in women with Human Papillomavirus HPV and without HPV by the indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). From total number of 669 examined women, 225 were HPV positive and 444 women HPV negative. Overall the study comprised of 10.8% women with positive result for presence of E. cuniculi antibodies. In group 1 (HPV-positive women) it was more than 28% and in group 2 (HPV-negative women) it was less than 2% (p<0.001). E. intestinalis infection was found in total of 4.48% women, in group 1 it was present in less than 6% and in group 2 in less than 4% of women.
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Halánová M, Valenčáková A, Malčeková B, Kváč M, Sak B, Květoňová D, Bálent P, Čisláková L. Occurrence of microsporidia as emerging pathogens in Slovak Roma children and their impact on public health. Ann Agric Environ Med 2013; 20:695-698. [PMID: 24364436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Microsporidia are identified as ubiquitous organisms of almost every animal group and are now recognized as emerging opportunistic pathogens of human. The risk factors include immunodeficiency, lack of sanitation, and exposure to contaminated water and infected animals. In Slovakia, the places with an increased risk of infection due to the presence of risk factors and routes of transmission are represented by Roma settlements. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of Encephalitozoon spp. and E. bieneusi in children living in Roma settlements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stool samples were examined of 72 clinically healthy children coming from a group of the non-integrated Roma minority for the presence of microsporidia Encephalitozoon spp. and E. bieneusi. Microsporidian spores were detected by standard Rylux D, staining and by PCR and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Of the total number of 72 stool smears examined, 22 were positive, which represented 30.6%. By the Real Time PCR, E. bieneusi was detected in 3 samples (4.2 %) and E. cuniculi in 19 samples (26.4 %). By comparing the sequences with sequences in the GenBank, E. cuniculi genotype I (Accession No. AJ005581.1) and E. bieneusi genotype A (Accession No. AF101197.1). CONCLUSIONS Microsporidia, as newly emerging pathogens of humans and animals, are characterised by the production of spores which are environmentally resistant. Diseases caused by them have a cosmopolitan occurrence. Although E. bieneusi and E. cuniculi belong to the most frequently diagnosed species of microsporidia in humans, in Slovakia, this is the first confirmed evidence of E. bieneusi genotype A, as well as E. cuniculi genotype I in humans by the molecular method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Halánová
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Valenčáková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Beáta Malčeková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kváč
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Sak
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Květoňová
- 2University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biology and Genetics, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic 5 Institute of Health and Social Science, Prešov of Sv. Elizabeth, University of Health and Social Sciences Bratislava, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Bálent
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic; Institute of Health and Social Science, Prešov of Sv. Elizabeth, University of Health and Social Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lýdia Čisláková
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Košice, Slovak Republic
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