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Godoi AB, Antunes NDJ, Cunha KF, Martins AF, Huestis MA, Costa JL. Metabolic Stability and Metabolite Identification of N-Ethyl Pentedrone Using Rat, Mouse and Human Liver Microsomes. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:257. [PMID: 38399311 PMCID: PMC10893277 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs) are defined as a group of substances produced from molecular modifications of traditional drugs. These molecules represent a public health problem since information about their metabolites and toxicity is poorly understood. N-ethyl pentedrone (NEP) is an NPS that was identified in the illicit market for the first time in the mid-2010s, with four intoxication cases later described in the literature. This study aims to evaluate the metabolic stability of NEP as well as to identify its metabolites using three liver microsomes models. To investigate metabolic stability, NEP was incubated with rat (RLM), mouse (MLM) and human (HLM) liver microsomes and its concentration over time evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. For metabolite identification, the same procedure was employed, but the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Different metabolism profiles were observed depending on the model employed and kinetic parameters were determined. The in vitro NEP elimination half-lives (t1/2) were 12.1, 187 and 770 min for the rat, mouse and human models, respectively. Additionally, in vitro intrinsic clearances (Cl int, in vitro) were 229 for rat, 14.8 for mouse, and 3.6 μL/min/mg in the human model, and in vivo intrinsic clearances (Cl int, in vivo) 128, 58.3, and 3.7 mL/min/kg, respectively. The HLM model had the lowest rate of metabolism when compared to RLM and MLM. Also, twelve NEP metabolites were identified from all models, but at different rates of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Barcia Godoi
- Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica (CIATox) de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.B.G.); (K.F.C.); (A.F.M.); (J.L.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalícia de Jesus Antunes
- Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica (CIATox) de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.B.G.); (K.F.C.); (A.F.M.); (J.L.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Francisco Cunha
- Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica (CIATox) de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.B.G.); (K.F.C.); (A.F.M.); (J.L.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Franco Martins
- Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica (CIATox) de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.B.G.); (K.F.C.); (A.F.M.); (J.L.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Jose Luiz Costa
- Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica (CIATox) de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil; (A.B.G.); (K.F.C.); (A.F.M.); (J.L.C.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-859, SP, Brazil
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Godoi AB, Munhoz EC, Veroneze B, Campos G, Abreu MEB, Kozonoe MM, Farias JSH, Guerrero NCR, Lobato AA, Camargo JFC. MANIFESTAÇÕES DE TAFRO EM PACIENTE COM DOENÇA DE CASTLEMAN MULTICÊNTRICA POSITIVA PARA HERPES VIRUS HUMANO TIPO 8. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Godoi AB, Veroneze B, Abreu MEB, Campos G, Kozonoe M, Quadros GMS, Farias JSH. LINFOMA PLASMABLÁSTICO EM PACIENTE COM VÍRUS DA IMUNODEFICIÊNCIA HUMANA – UM RELATO DE CASO. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Godoi AB, Veroneze B, Munhoz EC, Campos G, Abreu MEB, Kozonoe MM, Farias JSH. SÍNDROME DE RICHTER: LEUCEMIA LINFOCÍTICA CRÔNICA TRANSFORMADA EM LINFOMA DE HODGKIN CLÁSSICO, UM RELATO DE CASO. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.10.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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