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Statnik ES, Cvjetinovic J, Ignatyev SD, Wassouf L, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM. Hair-Reinforced Elastomer Matrix Composites: Formulation, Mechanical Testing, and Advanced Microstructural Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 38006172 PMCID: PMC10675470 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy matrix composites reinforced with high-performance fibers, such as carbon, Kevlar, and glass, exhibit excellent specific stiffness and strength in many mechanical applications. However, these composites are disappointingly non-recyclable and are usually disposed of in landfill sites, with no realistic prospect for biodegradation in a reasonable time. In contrast, moldable composites with carbonized elastomeric matrices developed in the last decades possess attractive mechanical properties in final net-shape products and can also be incinerated or recycled. Many carbon and inorganic fillers have recently been evaluated to adjust the properties of carbonized elastomeric composites. Renewable organic fillers, such as human or animal hair, offer an attractive fibrous material with substantial potential for reinforcing composites with elastomeric matrices. Samples of unidirectional fiber composites (with hair volume fractions up to 7%) and quasi-isotropic short fiber composites (with hair volume fractions up to 20%) of human hair-reinforced nitrile butadiene rubbers (HH-NBRs) were produced in the peroxide-cured and carbonized states. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and photoacoustic microscopy. Mechanical tests were performed under tension using a miniature universal testing machine. The expected effect of fiber reinforcement on the overall mechanical performance was demonstrated for both cured and carbonized composites. Considerable enhancement of the elastic modulus (up to ten times), ultimate tensile strength (up to three times), and damage tolerance was achieved. The evidence of satisfactory interfacial bonding between hair and rubber was confirmed via SEM imaging of fracture surfaces. The suitability of photoacoustic microscopy was assessed for 3D reconstructions of the fiber sub-system's spatial distribution and non-destructive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Loujain Wassouf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, NUST MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- «LUCh» Lab, NUST MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Trinity College, University of Oxford, Broad St., Oxford OX1 3BH, UK
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Cvjetinovic J, Luchkin SY, Statnik ES, Davidovich NA, Somov PA, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM, Gorin DA. Revealing the static and dynamic nanomechanical properties of diatom frustules—Nature's glass lace. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5518. [PMID: 37015973 PMCID: PMC10073200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiatoms are single cell microalgae enclosed in silica exoskeletons (frustules) that provide inspiration for advanced hybrid nanostructure designs mimicking multi-scale porosity to achieve outstanding mechanical and optical properties. Interrogating the structure and properties of diatoms down to nanometer scale leads to breakthrough advances reported here in the nanomechanical characterization of Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis diatom pure silica frustules, as well as of air-dried and wet cells with organic content. Static and dynamic mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and in-SEM nanoindentation revealed the peculiarities of diatom response with separate contributions from material nanoscale behavior and membrane deformation of the entire valve. Significant differences in the nanomechanical properties of the different frustule layers were observed. Furthermore, the deformation response depends strongly on silica hydration and on the support from the internal organic content. The cyclic loading revealed that the average compliance of the silica frustule is 0.019 m/N and increases with increasing number of cycles. The structure–mechanical properties relationship has a direct impact on the vibrational properties of the frustule as a complex micrometer-sized mechanical system. Lessons from Nature’s nanostructuring of diatoms open up pathways to new generations of nano- and microdevices for electronic, electromechanical, photonic, liquid, energy storage, and other applications.
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Kan Y, Bondareva JV, Statnik ES, Koudan EV, Ippolitov EV, Podporin MS, Kovaleva PA, Kapaev RR, Gordeeva AM, Cvjetinovic J, Gorin DA, Evlashin SA, Salimon AI, Senatov FS, Korsunsky AM. Hydrogel-Inducing Graphene-Oxide-Derived Core–Shell Fiber Composite for Antibacterial Wound Dressing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076255. [PMID: 37047227 PMCID: PMC10094162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study reveals the polymer–crosslinker interactions and functionality of hydrophilic nanofibers for antibacterial wound coatings. Coaxial electrospinning leverages a drug encapsulation protocol for a core–shell fiber composite with a core derived from polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol with amorphous silica (PVA-PEG-SiO2), and a shell originating from polyvinyl alcohol and graphene oxide (PVA-GO). Crosslinking with GO and SiO2 initiates the hydrogel transition for the fiber composite upon contact with moisture, which aims to optimize the drug release. The effect of hydrogel-inducing additives on the drug kinetics is evaluated in the case of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) encapsulation in the core of core–shell fiber composite PVA-PEG-SiO2-1x-CHX@PVA-GO. The release rate is assessed with the zero, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic models, where the inclusion of crosslinking silica provides a longer degradation and release rate. CHX medicated core–shell composite provides sustainable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Kan
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia V. Bondareva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene S. Statnik
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Koudan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology ‘MISIS’, Leninskiy pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Ippolitov
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, Immunology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya St. 20, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Podporin
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, Immunology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya St. 20, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina A. Kovaleva
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology ‘MISIS’, Leninskiy pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman R. Kapaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and BINA—BIU Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Alexandra M. Gordeeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julijana Cvjetinovic
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Gorin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav A. Evlashin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey I. Salimon
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology ‘MISIS’, Leninskiy pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor S. Senatov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology ‘MISIS’, Leninskiy pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Multi-Beam Laboratory for Engineering Microscopy, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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Drobyshev A, Gurganchova Z, Redko N, Komissarov A, Bazhenov V, Statnik ES, Sadykova IA, Sviridov E, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM, Zayratyants O, Ushmarov D, Yanushevich O. An In Vivo Rat Study of Bioresorbable Mg-2Zn-2Ga Alloy Implants. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020273. [PMID: 36829768 PMCID: PMC9952904 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, pins made from the novel Mg-2Zn-2Ga alloy were installed within the femoral bones of six Wistar rats. The level of bioresorption was assessed after 1, 3, and 6 months by radiography, histology, SEM, and EDX. Significant bioresorption was evident after 3 months, and complete dissolution of the pins occurred at 6 months after the installation. No pronounced gas cavities could be found at the pin installation sites throughout the postoperative period. The animals' blood parameters showed no signs of inflammation or toxication. These findings are sufficiently encouraging to motivate further research to broaden the experimental coverage to increase the number of observed animals and to conduct tests involving other, larger animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Drobyshev
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zaira Gurganchova
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Redko
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-916-954-44-44
| | - Alexander Komissarov
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Hybrid Nanostructured Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Bazhenov
- Casting Department, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene S. Statnik
- HSM Laboratory, Center for Digital Engineering, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia A. Sadykova
- HSM Laboratory, Center for Digital Engineering, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugeny Sviridov
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey I. Salimon
- HSM Laboratory, Center for Digital Engineering, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- HSM Laboratory, Center for Digital Engineering, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Trinity College, Oxford OX1 3BH, UK
| | - Oleg Zayratyants
- Laboratory of the Clinical Medical Center, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 111398 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Ushmarov
- Educational and Production Department, Kuban State Medical University, 350912 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Oleg Yanushevich
- Laboratory of Medical Bioresorption and Bioresistance, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
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Semenova ZB, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM, Melnikov AV, Sadykova YA, Marshintsev AV, Statnik ES, Lukyanov VI. [Autologous bone implant for reconstructive surgery after decompressive craniectomy in children]. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 2023; 87:58-65. [PMID: 37650277 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20238704158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The concept of post-traumatic skull defect closure is based on restoration of anatomical relationships for the maximum possible recovery of brain function, i.e. it is considered as a stage of surgical rehabilitation. The choice of implants in pediatric patients is limited. In this regard, the «gold standard» is still autologous bone implant. MATERIAL AND METHODS We propose a method for storage and sterilization of autologous bone implant. The last one implies keeping at a temperature of -80 ˚C with sterilization in a vacuum chamber filled with hydrogen peroxide vapors of biocidal plasma medium. Sterilization is provided by 45-minute cycle immediately before surgery. We report skull defect closure using autologous bone implants in 79 patients. Evaluation of effectiveness of storage and sterilization of autologous bone implant included analysis of mechanical properties of bone after sterilization, intra-operative microbiological monitoring, incidence of infections in early postoperative period, follow-up with assessment of resorption. RESULTS Early infectious complications occurred in 2 patients (2.5%). Complete resorption with redo surgery occurred in 6 (10.1%) cases. Sterilization in low-temperature plasma of hydrogen peroxide changes mechanical properties of the bone, increases durability under compressive stresses and decreases durability under tensile conditions. This does not affect functional tasks of autologous bone. The proposed method of storage and sterilization is accompanied by low risk of infections and resorption. Storage of autologous bone implant at a temperature of -80 ˚C with subsequent sterilization in low-temperature plasma of hydrogen peroxide can be considered as a safe and effective method for skull defect closure in children after decompressive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zh B Semenova
- Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A V Melnikov
- Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A V Marshintsev
- Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - V I Lukyanov
- Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow, Russia
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Cvjetinovic J, Merdalimova AA, Kirsanova MA, Somov PA, Nozdriukhin DV, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM, Gorin DA. A SERS platform based on diatomite modified by gold nanoparticles using a combination of layer-by-layer assembly and a freezing-induced loading method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8901-8912. [PMID: 35363241 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Siliceous diatom frustules represent an up-and-coming platform for a range of bio-assisted nanofabrication processes able to overcome the complexity and high cost of current engineering technology solutions in terms of negligibly small power consumption and environmentally friendly processing combined with unique highly porous structures and properties. Herein, the modification of diatomite - a soft, loose, and fine-grained siliceous sedimentary rock composed of the remains of fossilized diatoms - with gold nanoparticles using layer-by-layer technology in combination with a freezing-induced loading approach is demonstrated. The obtained composite structures are characterized by dynamic light scattering, extinction spectroscopy, scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoacoustic imaging techniques, and tested as a platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using Rhodamine 6G. SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed a dense coating of gold nanoparticles with an average size of 19 nm on the surface of the diatomite and within the pores. The photoacoustic signal excited at a wavelength of 532 nm increases with increasing loading cycles of up to three polyelectrolyte-gold nanoparticle bilayers. The hybrid materials based on diatomite modified with gold nanoparticles can be used as SERS substrates, but also as biosensors, catalysts, and platforms for advanced bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julijana Cvjetinovic
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia.
| | - Anastasiia A Merdalimova
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia.
| | - Maria A Kirsanova
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Pavel A Somov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Daniil V Nozdriukhin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia.
| | - Alexey I Salimon
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia.
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Kan Y, Bondareva JV, Statnik ES, Cvjetinovic J, Lipovskikh S, Abdurashitov AS, Kirsanova MA, Sukhorukhov GB, Evlashin SA, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM. Effect of Graphene Oxide and Nanosilica Modifications on Electrospun Core-Shell PVA–PEG–SiO2@PVA–GO Fiber Mats. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12060998. [PMID: 35335811 PMCID: PMC8950511 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a well-established method for the fabrication of polymer biomaterials, including those with core-shell nanofibers. The variability of structures presents a great range of opportunities in tissue engineering and drug delivery by incorporating biologically active molecules such as drugs, proteins, and growth factors and subsequent control of their release into the target microenvironment to achieve therapeutic effect. The object of study is non-woven core-shell PVA–PEG–SiO2@PVA–GO fiber mats assembled by the technology of coaxial electrospinning. The task of the core-shell fiber development was set to regulate the degradation process under external factors. The dual structure was modified with silica nanoparticles and graphene oxide to ensure the fiber integrity and stability. The influence of the nano additives and crosslinking conditions for the composite was investigated as a function of fiber diameter, hydrolysis, and mechanical properties. Tensile mechanical tests and water degradation tests were used to reveal the fracture and dissolution behavior of the fiber mats and bundles. The obtained fibers were visualized by confocal fluorescence microscopy to confirm the continuous core-shell structure and encapsulation feasibility for biologically active components, selectively in the fiber core and shell. The results provide a firm basis to draw the conclusion that electrospun core-shell fiber mats have tremendous potential for biomedical applications as drug carriers, photocatalysts, and wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Kan
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.S.); (S.L.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia V. Bondareva
- Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (J.V.B.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Eugene S. Statnik
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.S.); (S.L.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Julijana Cvjetinovic
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, 143026 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Lipovskikh
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.S.); (S.L.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Arkady S. Abdurashitov
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.A.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Maria A. Kirsanova
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.S.); (S.L.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukhov
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.A.); (G.B.S.)
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Stanislav A. Evlashin
- Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (J.V.B.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Alexey I. Salimon
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, 143026 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.S.); (S.L.); (M.A.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- Multi-Beam Laboratory for Engineering Microscopy (MBLEM), Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
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Aggrey P, Nartey M, Kan Y, Cvjetinovic J, Andrews A, Salimon AI, Dragnevski KI, Korsunsky AM. On the diatomite-based nanostructure-preserving material synthesis for energy applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31884-31922. [PMID: 35495528 PMCID: PMC9041881 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article overviews the current state-of-the-art and future prospects for the use of diatomaceous earth (DE) in the continuously expanding sector of energy science and technology. An eco-friendly direct source of silica and the production of silicon, diatomaceous earth possesses a desirable nano- to micro-structure that offers inherent advantages for optimum performance in existing and new applications in electrochemistry, catalysis, optoelectronics, and biomedical engineering. Silica, silicon and silicon-based materials have proven useful for energy harvesting and storage applications. However, they often encounter setbacks to their commercialization due to the limited capability for the production of materials possessing fascinating microstructures to deliver optimum performance. Despite many current research trends focusing on the means to create the required nano- to micro-structures, the high cost and complex, potentially environmentally harmful chemical synthesis techniques remain a considerable challenge. The present review examines the advances made using diatomaceous earth as a source of silica, silicon-based materials and templates for energy related applications. The main synthesis routes aimed at preserving the highly desirable naturally formed neat nanostructure of diatomaceous earth are assessed in this review that culminates with the discussion of recently developed pathways to achieving the best properties. The trend analysis establishes a clear roadmap for diatomaceous earth as a source material of choice for current and future energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Aggrey
- Hierarchically Structured Materials, Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205
| | - Martinson Nartey
- Department of Materials Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Private Mail Box Kumasi Ghana
| | - Yuliya Kan
- Hierarchically Structured Materials, Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205
| | - Julijana Cvjetinovic
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205
| | - Anthony Andrews
- Department of Materials Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Private Mail Box Kumasi Ghana
| | - Alexey I Salimon
- Hierarchically Structured Materials, Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1 Moscow Russia 121205
| | - Kalin I Dragnevski
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PJ UK
| | - Alexander M Korsunsky
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PJ UK
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Statnik ES, Ignatyev SD, Stepashkin AA, Salimon AI, Chukov D, Kaloshkin SD, Korsunsky AM. The Analysis of Micro-Scale Deformation and Fracture of Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites by In Situ SEM. Molecules 2021; 26:587. [PMID: 33499359 PMCID: PMC7865808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonized elastomer-based composites (CECs) possess a number of attractive features in terms of thermomechanical and electromechanical performance, durability in aggressive media and facile net-shape formability, but their relatively low ductility and strength limit their suitability for structural engineering applications. Prospective applications such as structural elements of micro-electro-mechanical systems MEMS can be envisaged since smaller principal dimensions reduce the susceptibility of components to residual stress accumulation during carbonization and to brittle fracture in general. We report the results of in situ in-SEM study of microdeformation and fracture behavior of CECs based on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) elastomeric matrices filled with carbon and silicon carbide. Nanostructured carbon composite materials were manufactured via compounding of elastomeric substance with carbon and SiC fillers using mixing rolling mill, vulcanization, and low-temperature carbonization. Double-edge notched tensile (DENT) specimens of vulcanized and carbonized elastomeric composites were subjected to in situ tensile testing in the chamber of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) Tescan Vega 3 using a Deben microtest 1 kN tensile stage. The series of acquired SEM images were analyzed by means of digital image correlation (DIC) using Ncorr open-source software to map the spatial distribution of strain. These maps were correlated with finite element modeling (FEM) simulations to refine the values of elastic moduli. Moreover, the elastic moduli were derived from unloading curve nanoindentation hardness measurements carried out using a NanoScan-4D tester and interpreted using the Oliver-Pharr method. Carbonization causes a significant increase of elastic moduli from 0.86 ± 0.07 GPa to 14.12 ± 1.20 GPa for the composite with graphite and carbon black fillers. Nanoindentation measurements yield somewhat lower values, namely, 0.25 ± 0.02 GPa and 9.83 ± 1.10 GPa before and after carbonization, respectively. The analysis of fractography images suggests that crack initiation, growth and propagation may occur both at the notch stress concentrator or relatively far from the notch. Possible causes of such response are discussed, namely, (1) residual stresses introduced by processing; (2) shape and size of fillers; and (3) the emanation and accumulation of gases in composites during carbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S. Statnik
- HSM Lab, Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.S.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Semen D. Ignatyev
- Center for Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (S.D.I.); (A.A.S.); (D.C.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Andrey A. Stepashkin
- Center for Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (S.D.I.); (A.A.S.); (D.C.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Alexey I. Salimon
- HSM Lab, Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.S.); (A.M.K.)
- Center for Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (S.D.I.); (A.A.S.); (D.C.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Dilyus Chukov
- Center for Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (S.D.I.); (A.A.S.); (D.C.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Sergey D. Kaloshkin
- Center for Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (S.D.I.); (A.A.S.); (D.C.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- HSM Lab, Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skoltech, 121205 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.S.); (A.M.K.)
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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Cvjetinovic J, Salimon AI, Novoselova MV, Sapozhnikov PV, Shirshin EA, Yashchenok AM, Kalinina OY, Korsunsky AM, Gorin DA. Photoacoustic and fluorescence lifetime imaging of diatoms. Photoacoustics 2020; 18:100171. [PMID: 32435586 PMCID: PMC7229289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic and fluorescent methods are used intensely in biology and medicine. These approaches can also be used to investigate unicellular diatom algae that are extremely important for Earth's ecology. They are enveloped within silica frustules (exoskeletons), which can be used in drug delivery systems. Here, we report for the first time the successful application of photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescent visualization of diatoms. Chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin were found likely to be responsible for the photoacoustic effect in diatoms. The PA signal was obtained from gel drops containing diatoms and was found to increase with the diatom concentration. The fluorescence lifetime of the diatom chromophores ranged from 0.5 to 2 ns. The dynamic light scattering, absorbance, and SEM characterization techniques were also applied. The results were considered in combination to elucidate the nature of the photoacoustic signal. Possible biotechnological applications are proposed for the remote photoacoustic monitoring of algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julijana Cvjetinovic
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Alexey I. Salimon
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Marina V. Novoselova
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Philipp V. Sapozhnikov
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 36 Nakhimovsky Prospekt, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Shirshin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Fizicheskaya Str., Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Yashchenok
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Kalinina
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry A. Gorin
- Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., Moscow, 121205, Russia
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