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Wong EKC, Watt J, Zou H, Chandraraj A, Zhang AW, Brookes J, Verduyn A, Berall A, Norman R, Piggott KL, Izukawa T, Straus SE, Liu B. Characteristics, treatment and delirium incidence of older adults hospitalized with COVID-19: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E692-E701. [PMID: 35882392 PMCID: PMC9334012 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected older adults disproportionately, and delirium is a concerning consequence; however, the relationship between delirium and corticosteroid use is uncertain. The objective of the present study was to describe patient characteristics, treatments and outcomes among older adults hospitalized with COVID-19, with a focus on dexamethasone use and delirium incidence. METHODS We completed this retrospective cohort study at 7 sites (including acute care, rehabilitation and long-term care settings) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. We included adults aged 65 years or older, consecutively hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, between Mar. 11, 2020, and Apr. 30, 2021. We abstracted patient characteristics and outcomes from charts and analyzed them descriptively. We used a logistic regression model to determine the association between dexamethasone use and delirium incidence. RESULTS During the study period, 927 patients were admitted to the acute care hospitals with COVID-19. Patients' median age was 79.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 72.0-87.0), and 417 (45.0%) were female. Most patients were frail (61.9%), based on a Clinical Frailty Scale score of 5 or greater. The prevalence of delirium was 53.6%, and the incidence was 33.1%. Use of restraints was documented in 20.4% of patients. In rehabilitation and long-term care settings (n = 115), patients' median age was 86.0 years (IQR 78.5-91.0), 72 (62.6%) were female and delirium occurred in 17 patients (14.8%). In patients admitted to acute care during wave 2 of the pandemic (Aug. 1, 2020, to Feb. 20, 2021), dexamethasone use had a nonsignificant association with delirium incidence (adjusted odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 0.77-2.50). Overall, in-hospital death occurred in 262 (28.4%) patients in acute care settings and 28 (24.3%) patients in rehabilitation or long-term care settings. INTERPRETATION In-hospital death, delirium and use of restraints were common in older adults admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Further research should be directed to improving the quality of care for this population with known vulnerabilities during continued waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kai-Chung Wong
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jennifer Watt
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Hanyan Zou
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Arthana Chandraraj
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Alissa Wenyue Zhang
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jahnel Brookes
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Ashley Verduyn
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Anna Berall
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Richard Norman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Katrina Lynn Piggott
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Terumi Izukawa
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont
| | - Barbara Liu
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Wong, Watt, Chandraraj, Straus), and Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Straus), Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Wong, Watt, Norman, Piggott, Izukawa, Straus, Liu), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zou, Norman), Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Zhang, Piggott), Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation (Brookes, Berall, Izukawa), Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre; Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence (Verduyn), Unity Health Toronto; Division of Geriatric Medicine (Izukawa), Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.
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Wong EKC, Watt J, Zou H, Chandraraj A, Wenyue Zhang A, Brookes J, Verduyn A, Berall A, Norman R, Piggott KL, Izukawa T, Straus SE, Liu BA. The association of typical and atypical symptoms with in-hospital mortality in older adults with COVID-19: a multicentre cohort study. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical disease presentations are common in older adults with COVID-19. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of atypical and typical symptoms in older adults with COVID-19 through progressive pandemic waves and the association of these symptoms with in-hospital mortality. This retrospective cohort study included consecutive adults aged over 65 years with confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to seven hospitals in Toronto, Canada, from 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2021. The median age for the 1786 patients was 78.0 years and 847 (47.5%) were female. Atypical symptoms (as defined by geriatric syndromes) occurred in 1187 patients (66.5%), but rarely occurred in the absence of other symptoms ( n = 106; 6.2%). The most common atypical symptoms were anorexia ( n = 598; 33.5%), weakness ( n = 519; 23.9%), and delirium ( n = 449; 25.1%). Dyspnea (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62–2.62), tachycardia (aOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.14–3.04), and delirium (aOR 1.52; 95% CI 1.18–1.96) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. In a cohort of older adults hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, atypical presentations frequently overlapped with typical symptoms. Further research should be directed at understanding the cause and clinical significance of atypical presentations in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kai-Chung Wong
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Watt
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Hanyan Zou
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Arthana Chandraraj
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Alissa Wenyue Zhang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jahnel Brookes
- Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation, Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Ashley Verduyn
- Providence Healthcare and Houses of Providence, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1L 1W1, Canada
| | - Anna Berall
- Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation, Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Richard Norman
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Katrina Lynn Piggott
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Terumi Izukawa
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Kunin-Lunenfeld Centre for Applied Research & Evaluation, Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Sharon E. Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Barbara Arlena Liu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
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