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Siepmann J, Faham A, Clas SD, Boyd BJ, Jannin V, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Zhao H, Lecommandoux S, Evans JC, Allen C, Merkel OM, Costabile G, Alexander MR, Wildman RD, Roberts CJ, Leroux JC. Lipids and polymers in pharmaceutical technology: Lifelong companions. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:128-142. [PMID: 30639218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical technology, lipids and polymers are considered pillar excipients for the fabrication of most dosage forms, irrespective of the administration route. They play various roles ranging from support vehicles to release rate modifiers, stabilizers, solubilizers, permeation enhancers and transfection agents. Focusing on selected applications, which were discussed at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gattefossé Foundation 2018, this manuscript recapitulates the fundamental roles of these two important classes of excipients, either employed alone or in combination, and provides insight on their functional properties in various types of drug formulations. Emphasis is placed on oral formulations for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients with low aqueous solubilities or poor permeation properties. Additionally, this review article covers the use of lipids and polymers in the design of colloidal injectable delivery systems, and as substrates in additive manufacturing technologies for the production of tailor-made dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Siepmann
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Amina Faham
- DuPont Health & Nutrition (formerly Dow Pharma Solutions), 8810 Horgen, Switzerland
| | | | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hang Zhao
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques LCPO, UMR 5629 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux-INP, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques LCPO, UMR 5629 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux-INP, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - James C Evans
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriella Costabile
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Clive J Roberts
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Faham A, Prinderre P, Piccerelle P, Farah N, Joachim J. Hot melt coating technology: influence of Compritol 888 Ato and granule size on chloroquine release. Pharmazie 2000; 55:444-8. [PMID: 10907253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The tangential spray technique was used to coat chloroquine granules with Compritol 888 Ato in a fluidized bed (Glatt GPCG-1,1). After validation of the assay method for chloroquine, dissolution tests were carried out on four size fractions obtained from the same batch of granules. The dissolution profiles obtained showed differences in the rate of release between one fraction and another, despite the fact that each of these fractions had been coated with the same quantity of wax. This suggests that the rate of release of the chloroquine may be adjusted by controlling the size of the granules. Furthermore these dissolution profiles were characterized by a rapid release phase followed by a slow release phase. Examination of the surfaces of the granules from the various size fractions under a scanning electron microscope revealed that Compritol did not form a continuous film but existed rather as a lipid environment around the granule. This lipid environment was made up of solidified droplets of the wax which had become piled up on the surface of the granule. Compression of the granules produced tablets which remained intact until chloroquine dissolution was complete. This undicated that the active substance diffused across the Compritol matrix generated during compression. Determination of the dissolution kinetics using the Higuchi model demonstrated the diffusion release mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faham
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et Industrielle, Faculté de Pharmacie de Marseille, France
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Faham A, Prinderre P, Farah N, Eichler KD, Kalantzis G, Joachim J. Hot-melt coating technology. I. Influence of Compritol 888 Ato and granule size on theophylline release. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000; 26:167-76. [PMID: 10697753 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the influence of theophylline granule size and the percentage of Compritol 888 Ato on in vitro drug release from granules and tablets. The granules were coated in a fluidized bed apparatus. The dissolution profiles of these granules differed from those of granules coated with classical agents, and there were also differences between the various sieve fractions studied. Drug release was characterized by a rapid-release phase, followed by a slow-release phase. Results indicate that theophylline release can be controlled by controlling granule size. Inspection of the appearance of the tablets at the end of the dissolution test revealed that all tablets containing Compritol 888 Ato remained intact. This indicated that the Compritol 888 Ato used in the tablet formulation created an inert matrix through which the drug diffused. It was found that the Higuchi relationship of linear square root of time was the best model to describe the release kinetics of the drug from tablets. This also confirmed that a matrix diffusion-controlled mechanism was operative. Given the difference between the dissolution profiles of the granules and the tablets, it was concluded that this matrix is formed during compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faham
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marseille, France
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