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Pereira AC, De Pascale J, Resende R, Cardoso S, Ferreira I, Neves BM, Carrascal MA, Zuzarte M, Madeira N, Morais S, Macedo A, do Carmo A, Moreira PI, Cruz MT, Pereira CF. ER-mitochondria communication is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation under stress conditions in the innate immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:213. [PMID: 35344105 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are key events in the initiation and/or progression of several diseases, are correlated with alterations at ER-mitochondria contact sites, the so-called "Mitochondria-Associated Membranes" (MAMs). These intracellular structures are also implicated in NLRP3 inflammasome activation which is an important driver of sterile inflammation, however, the underlying molecular basis remains unclear. This work aimed to investigate the role of ER-mitochondria communication during ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in both peripheral and central innate immune systems, by using THP-1 human monocytes and BV2 microglia cells, respectively, as in vitro models. Markers of ER stress, mitochondrial dynamics and mass, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation were evaluated by Western Blot, IL-1β secretion was measured by ELISA, and ER-mitochondria contacts were quantified by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and polarization were analyzed with fluorescent probes, and measurement of aconitase and SOD2 activities monitored mitochondrial ROS accumulation. ER stress was demonstrated to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in both peripheral and central immune cells. Studies in monocytes indicate that ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation occurs by a Ca2+-dependent and ROS-independent mechanism, which is coupled with upregulation of MAMs-resident chaperones, closer ER-mitochondria contacts, as well as mitochondrial depolarization and impaired dynamics. Moreover, enhanced ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the immune system was found associated with pathological conditions since it was observed in monocytes derived from bipolar disorder (BD) patients, supporting a pro-inflammatory status in BD. In conclusion, by demonstrating that ER-mitochondria communication plays a key role in the response of the innate immune cells to ER stress, this work contributes to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation under stress conditions, and to disclose novel potential therapeutic targets for diseases associated with sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jessica De Pascale
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Resende
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- iBiMED-Department of Medical Sciences and Institute for Biomedicine, University Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mylène A Carrascal
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Tecnimede Group, Sintra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,iCBR-Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Madeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry, CHUC-UC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry, CHUC-UC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry, CHUC-UC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anália do Carmo
- CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Pathology, CHUC-UC-Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia F Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Mateus D, Sebastião AI, Carrascal MA, Carmo AD, Matos AM, Cruz MT. Crosstalk between estrogen, dendritic cells, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2290. [PMID: 34534372 PMCID: PMC8646421 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) first appeared in Wuhan and has so far killed more than four million people worldwide. Men are more affected than women by Covid‐19, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind these differences are largely unknown. One plausible explanation is that differences in sex hormones could partially account for this distinct prevalence in both sexes. Accordingly, several papers have reported a protective role of 17β‐estradiol during Covid‐19, which might help explain why women appear less likely to die from Covid‐19 than men. 17β‐estradiol is the predominant and most biologically active endogenous estrogen, which signals through estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, and G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1. These receptors are expressed in mature cells from the innate and the adaptive immune system, particularly on dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting that estrogens could modulate their effector functions. DCs are the most specialized and proficient antigen‐presenting cells, acting at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity with a powerful capacity to prime antigen‐specific naive CD8+ T cells. DCs are richly abundant in the lung where they respond to viral infection. A relative increase of mature DCs in broncho‐alveolar lavage fluids from Covid‐19 patients has already been reported. Here we will describe how SARS‐CoV‐2 acts on DCs, the role of estrogen on DC immunobiology, summarise the impact of sex hormones on the immune response against Covid‐19, and explore clinical trials regarding Covid‐19
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mateus
- Faculty of Pharmacy-FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mylène A Carrascal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-CNC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,UpCells, Tecnimed Group, Sintra, Portugal
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Miguel Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy-FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, CIEPQPF, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy-FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-CNC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Campos A, Caramelo F, do Carmo A. RE: Hsu J: Minimizing the Risk of Endophthalmitis after Injection. What Have We Learned? (Ophthalmol Retina. 2019;3:1-2). Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 3:e3-e4. [PMID: 31174681 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- António Campos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Campos A, Campos EJ, do Carmo A, Caramelo F, Martins J, Sousa JP, Ambrósio AF, Silva R. Evaluation of markers of outcome in real-world treatment of diabetic macular edema. Eye Vis (Lond) 2018; 5:27. [PMID: 30386806 PMCID: PMC6198537 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-018-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate short-term markers of outcome in diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods Prospective interventional case series included 122 eyes of 122 patients with recently diagnosed DME. Eyes were treated with a 3-monthly loading dose of ranibizumab or aflibercept and pro re nata thereafter. Serial enhanced deep imaging SD-OCT high resolution scans were used to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and central retinal thickness (CRT). Anatomic (10% CRT decrease) and functional responses (best corrected visual acuity, BCVA gain ≥5 letters) were assessed at 3 months and 6 months using univariate and multivariate analyses. Parameters tested were gender, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, hypertension, CRT, SFCT, BCVA, ellipsoid zone (EZ) status, subfoveal neuroretinal detachment (SND), anti-VEGF used and laser naivety. A logistic regression model was applied to find independent markers outcome. Results BCVA increased, CRT and SFCT decreased at 3 months and 6 months. Good metabolic control (p = 0.003), intact baseline EZ (p = 0.030), EZ re-grading at 3 M (p < 0.001) and laser naivety (p = 0.001) were associated with better functional outcome. The multivariate linear regression model showed that baseline SND and CRT are predictors of anatomic response, while lower baseline BCVA and intact EZ are predictors of functional response. Conclusion The presence of SND predicts anatomic response only, while an intact EZ is critical to achieve a good functional outcome in DME. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40662-018-0119-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Campos
- 1Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,2CNC.iCBR Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Ophthalmology, Leiria Hospital, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Elisa J Campos
- 1Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,2CNC.iCBR Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anália do Carmo
- 2CNC.iCBR Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,4Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- 1Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,5Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- 1Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,2CNC.iCBR Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P Sousa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiria Hospital, Leiria, Portugal.,6Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- 1Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,2CNC.iCBR Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- 1Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,7Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal.,8Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Balça-Silva J, Matias D, Carmo AD, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Lopes MC, Moura-Neto V. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma malignancy: Implications in resistance and therapeutic strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 58:130-141. [PMID: 30266571 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the more frequent and malignant brain tumour. In spite of all efforts, the median overall survival of GB patients remains approximately 15 months under therapy. The molecular biology underlying GB is complex, which highlight the need of specific treatment strategies. In fact, the deregulation of several molecular signalling pathways, the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), that makes almost all the chemotherapeutic agents inaccessible to the tumour site, and the existence of a population of stem-like cells known to be responsible for tumour recurrence after therapy, can contribute to GB chemoresistance. In the present review, we summarize the reliable factors responsible for the failure of the most important chemotherapeutic agents in GB. Specifically, we describe the utmost important characteristics of the BBB, as well as the genetic, molecular and transcription factors alterations that lead to tumour malignancy, and ultimately their impact on stem-like cell plasticity modulation. Recently, nanocarriers have attracted increasing attention in brain- and tumour-targeted drug-delivery systems, owing to their potential ability to target cell surface specific molecules and to cross the BBB delivering the drug specifically to the tumour cells, improving efficacy and thus reducing non-specific toxicity. In this sense, we will lastly highlight the therapeutic challenges and improvements regarding GB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Balça-Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN) - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Diana Matias
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN) - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ICB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Clinical Pathology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC) and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), group of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC); Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN) - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Balça-Silva J, do Carmo A, Tão H, Rebelo O, Barbosa M, Moura-Neto V, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Lopes MC, Moreira JN. Nucleolin is expressed in patient-derived samples and glioblastoma cells, enabling improved intracellular drug delivery and cytotoxicity. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:68-77. [PMID: 29902537 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy relates with the existence of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), known to be chemo- and radio-resistant. GSCs and non-stem GBM cells have the ability to interchange, emphasizing the importance of identifying common molecular targets among those cell sub-populations. Nucleolin overexpression has been recently associated with breast cancer sub-populations with different stem-like phenotype. The goal of this work was to evaluate the potential of cell surface nucleolin as a target in GBM cells. Different levels of nucleolin expression resulted in a 3.4-fold higher association of liposomes targeting nucleolin (functionalized with the nucleolin-binding F3 peptide) in U87, relative to GBM11 glioblastoma cells. Moreover, nucleolin was suggested as a potential marker in OCT4-, NANOG-positive GSC, and in the corresponding non-stem GBM cells, as well as in SOX2-positive GSC. Doxorubicin delivered by liposomes targeting nucleolin enabled a level of cytotoxicity that was 2.5- or 4.6-fold higher compared to the non-targeted counterparts. Importantly, an overexpression of nucleolin was also observed in cells of patient-derived samples, as compared with normal brain. Overall, these results suggested nucleolin as a therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Balça-Silva
- CNC.IBILI - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IECPN - Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anália do Carmo
- CNC.IBILI - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal; CHUC - Clinical Pathology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Hermínio Tão
- CHUC - Neurosurgery Service, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Olinda Rebelo
- CHUC - Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurology Service, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marcos Barbosa
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CHUC - Neurosurgery Service, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- IECPN - Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- FMUC, Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology/ Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, CIMAGO - Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal; CHUC - Clinical Hematology Department/Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- CNC.IBILI - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Balça-Silva J, Matias D, Dubois LG, Carneiro B, do Carmo A, Girão H, Ferreira F, Ferrer VP, Chimelli L, Filho PN, Tão H, Rebelo O, Barbosa M, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Lopes MC, Moura-Neto V. The Expression of Connexins and SOX2 Reflects the Plasticity of Glioma Stem-Like Cells. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:555-569. [PMID: 28654819 PMCID: PMC5487246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor, with an average survival rate of 15 months. GBM is highly refractory to therapy, and such unresponsiveness is due, primarily, but not exclusively, to the glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). This subpopulation express stem-like cell markers and is responsible for the heterogeneity of GBM, generating multiple differentiated cell phenotypes. However, how GBMs maintain the balance between stem and non-stem populations is still poorly understood. We investigated the GBM ability to interconvert between stem and non-stem states through the evaluation of the expression of specific stem cell markers as well as cell communication proteins. We evaluated the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of GSCs derived from differentiated GBM cell lines by comparing their stem-like cell properties and expression of connexins. We showed that non-GSCs as well as GSCs can undergo successive cycles of gain and loss of stem properties, demonstrating a bidirectional cellular plasticity model that is accompanied by changes on connexins expression. Our findings indicate that the interconversion between non-GSCs and GSCs can be modulated by extracellular factors culminating on differential expression of stem-like cell markers and cell-cell communication proteins. Ultimately, we observed that stem markers are mostly expressed on GBMs rather than on low-grade astrocytomas, suggesting that the presence of GSCs is a feature of high-grade gliomas. Together, our data demonstrate the utmost importance of the understanding of stem cell plasticity properties in a way to a step closer to new strategic approaches to potentially eliminate GSCs and, hopefully, prevent tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Balça-Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN)-Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Diana Matias
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN)-Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Gustavo Dubois
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN)-Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Brenno Carneiro
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Pathology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Girão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | - Valeria Pereira Ferrer
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN)-Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN)-Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Niemeyer Filho
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN)-Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Hermínio Tão
- Neurosurgery Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Olinda Rebelo
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marcos Barbosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Neurosurgery Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN)-Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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8
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Matias D, Balça-Silva J, Dubois LG, Pontes B, Ferrer VP, Rosário L, do Carmo A, Echevarria-Lima J, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Lopes MC, Moura-Neto V. Dual treatment with shikonin and temozolomide reduces glioblastoma tumor growth, migration and glial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:247-261. [PMID: 28401486 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastomas (GBM) comprise 17% of all primary brain tumors. These tumors are extremely aggressive due to their infiltrative capacity and chemoresistance, with glial-to-mesenchymal transition (GMT) proteins playing a prominent role in tumor invasion. One compound that has recently been used to reduce the expression of these proteins is shikonin (SHK), a naphthoquinone with anti-tumor properties. Temozolomide (TMZ), the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in GBM treatment, has so far not been studied in combination with SHK. Here, we investigated the combined effects of these two drugs on the proliferation and motility of GBM-derived cells. METHODS The cytotoxic and proliferative effects of SHK and TMZ on human GBM-derived cells were tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Ki67 staining and BrdU incorporation assays. The migration capacities of these cells were evaluated using a scratch wound assay. The expression levels of β3 integrin, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and GMT-associated proteins were determined by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS We found that GBM-derived cells treated with a combination of SHK and TMZ showed decreases in their proliferation and migration capacities. These decreases were followed by the suppression of GMT through a reduction of β3 integrin, MMP-2, MMP-9, Slug and vimentin expression via inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. CONCLUSION From our results we conclude that dual treatment with SHK and TMZ may constitute a powerful new tool for GBM treatment by reducing therapy resistance and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Matias
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (ICB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Joana Balça-Silva
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine at University of Coimbra (FMUC), Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luiz Gustavo Dubois
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (ICB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Valéria Pereira Ferrer
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane Rosário
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Hospital Center and University of Coimbra (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Echevarria-Lima
- Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine at University of Coimbra (FMUC), Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,Hospital Center and University of Coimbra (CHUC), Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Pólo I, 1° andar, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy at University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Brain's Biomedicine Laboratory, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rua do Resende 156, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Balça-Silva J, Matias D, do Carmo A, Girão H, Moura-Neto V, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Lopes MC. Tamoxifen in combination with temozolomide induce a synergistic inhibition of PKC-pan in GBM cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:722-32. [PMID: 25554223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly proliferative, angiogenic grade IV astrocytoma that develops resistance to the alkylating agents used in chemotherapy, such as temozolomide (TMZ), which is considered the gold standard. The mean survival time for GBM patients is approximately 12 months, increasing to 14.6 months after TMZ treatment. The resistance of GBM to chemotherapy seems to be associated to genetic alterations and to the constitutive activation of several signaling pathways. Therefore, the combination of different drugs with different mechanisms of action may contribute to circumvent the chemoresistance of glioma cells. Here we describe the potential synergistic behavior of the therapeutic combination of tamoxifen (TMX), a known inhibitor of PKC, and TMZ in GBM. METHODS We used two GBM cell lines incubated in absence and presence of TMX and/or TMZ and measured cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration ability, cytoskeletal organization and the phosphorylated amount of the p-PKC-pan. RESULTS The combination of low doses of TMX with increasing doses of TMZ shows an increased antiproliferative and apoptotic effect compared to the effect with TMX alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of TMX and TMZ seems to potentiate the effect of each other. These alterations seem to be associated to a decrease in the phosphorylation status of PKC. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We emphasize that TMX is an inhibitor of the p-PKC-pan and that these combination is more effective in the reduction of proliferation and in the increase of apoptosis than each drug alone, which presents a new therapeutic strategy in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Balça-Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Diana Matias
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Henrique Girão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Portugal.
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal.
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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do Carmo A, Balça-Silva J, Matias D, Lopes MC. PKC signaling in glioblastoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:287-94. [PMID: 23358475 PMCID: PMC3667867 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor characterized by intratumoral heterogeneity at cytopathological, genomic and transcriptional levels. Despite the efforts to develop new therapeutic strategies the median survival of GBM patients is 12-14 months. Results from large-scale gene expression profile studies confirmed that the genetic alterations in GBM affect pathways controlling cell cycle progression, cellular proliferation and survival and invasion ability, which may explain the difficulty to treat GBM patients. One of the signaling pathways that contribute to the aggressive behavior of glioma cells is the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. PKC is a family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases organized into three groups according the activating domains. Due to the variability of actions controlled by PKC isoforms, its contribution to the development of GBM is poorly understood. This review intends to highlight the contribution of PKC isoforms to proliferation, survival and invasive ability of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anália do Carmo
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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11
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Martins-Neves SR, Lopes ÁO, do Carmo A, Paiva AA, Simões PC, Abrunhosa AJ, Gomes CMF. Therapeutic implications of an enriched cancer stem-like cell population in a human osteosarcoma cell line. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:139. [PMID: 22475227 PMCID: PMC3351999 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a bone-forming tumor of mesenchymal origin that presents a clinical pattern that is consistent with the cancer stem cell model. Cells with stem-like properties (CSCs) have been identified in several tumors and hypothesized as the responsible for the relative resistance to therapy and tumor relapses. In this study, we aimed to identify and characterize CSCs populations in a human osteosarcoma cell line and to explore their role in the responsiveness to conventional therapies. METHODS CSCs were isolated from the human MNNG/HOS cell line using the sphere formation assay and characterized in terms of self-renewal, mesenchymal stem cell properties, expression of pluripotency markers and ABC transporters, metabolic activity and tumorigenicity. Cell's sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and to irradiation was analyzed and related with cell cycle-induced alterations and apoptosis. RESULTS The isolated CSCs were found to possess self-renewal and multipotential differentiation capabilities, express markers of pluripotent embryonic stem cells Oct4 and Nanog and the ABC transporters P-glycoprotein and BCRP, exhibit low metabolic activity and induce tumors in athymic mice. Compared with parental MNNG/HOS cells, CSCs were relatively more resistant to both chemotherapy and irradiation. None of the treatments have induced significant cell-cycle alterations and apoptosis in CSCs. CONCLUSIONS MNNG/HOS osteosarcoma cells contain a stem-like cell population relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation. This resistant phenotype appears to be related with some stem features, namely the high expression of the drug efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and BCRP and their quiescent nature, which may provide a biological basis for resistance to therapy and recurrence commonly observed in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Martins-Neves
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics - Institute of Biomedical Research in Light and Image (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Az, de Sta. Comba, Celas, Coimbra 3000-354, Portugal
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12
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Lopes ÁO, Neves SR, do Carmo A, Paiva AA, Botelho M, Gomes CM. Indentification of cancer stem-like cells in osteosarcoma and their implications in response to chemotherapy. BMC Proc 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-4-s2-p41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Neves SRM, Lopes AOG, do Carmo A, Abrunhosa AJ, Simões PCPS, Paiva AA, Botelho MF, Gomes CMF. Osteosarcoma contains a subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells that are highly resistant to radiotherapy. BMC Proc 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-4-s2-p40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Neves SRM, Lopes AOG, do Carmo A, Abrunhosa AJ, Simões PCPS, Paiva AA, Botelho MF, Gomes CMF. Osteosarcoma contains a subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells that are highly resistant to radiotherapy. BMC Proc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3255038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara RM Neves
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomathematics - IBILI - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aurio OG Lopes
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomathematics - IBILI - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology - CNC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J Abrunhosa
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health - ICNAS, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo CPS Simões
- Radiotherapy Service - University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur A Paiva
- Histocompatibility Centre of Coimbra - University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomathematics - IBILI - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia MF Gomes
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomathematics - IBILI - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Lopes ÁO, Neves SR, do Carmo A, Paiva AA, Botelho M, Gomes CM. Indentification of cancer stem-like cells in osteosarcoma and their implications in response to chemotherapy. BMC Proc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3255039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Áurio O Lopes
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomathematics - IBILI - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara R Neves
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomathematics - IBILI - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur A Paiva
- Histocompatibility Centre of Coimbra - University Hospital of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomathematics - IBILI - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia M Gomes
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomathematics - IBILI - FMUC, Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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do Carmo A, Patricio I, Cruz MT, Carvalheiro H, Oliveira CR, Lopes MC. CXCL12/CXCR4 promotes motility and proliferation of glioma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 9:56-65. [PMID: 19923906 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.9.1.10342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant brain tumor. Recent studies indicated that glioma samples are characterized by increased expression of CXCR4, the CXCL12/SDF-1 chemokine receptor. To better understand the role of CXCR4 in GBM biology we performed an integrated study where we simultaneously evaluate the contribution of the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling pathway to the proliferation, survival and motility of a human GBM cell line. Our results indicated that CXCR4/CXCL12 axis induced an increase in cell proliferation and in cell motility. The blockage of CXCR4 induced a significant increase of apoptosis. Together, our results indicated that CXCR4/CXCL12 signalling pathway may contribute to GBM development and emphasize the therapeutic potential of this pathway in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anália do Carmo
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIMAGO, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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17
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Viegas MS, do Carmo A, Silva T, Seco F, Serra V, Lacerda M, Martins TC. CD38 plays a role in effective containment of mycobacteria within granulomata and polarization of Th1 immune responses against Mycobacterium avium. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:847-54. [PMID: 17533152 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional ectoenzyme that behaves either as an enzyme, a cell adhesion molecule or as a cell surface receptor involved in cell signalling. It is expressed in cells of several lineages, including B and T lymphocytes, and macrophages. CD38 was shown to be important for the development of T-cell dependent humoral immune responses against extracellular pathogens. It also appears to be functionally important in macrophages, which are the host cells of Mycobacterium avium, an intracellular parasite that survives within these cells by avoiding a number of their microbicidal strategies. The present work aimed at investigating whether CD38 had any role on the immune response against mycobacterial infection. After intraperitoneal M. avium infection, the immune response of CD38KO mice was compared to that of their parental strain, C57Bl.6 mice. Absence of CD38 rendered mice more susceptible to mycobacterial infection. This susceptibility seems to be due to ineffective Th1 differentiation and polarization, which is essential for the control of M. avium infection. In addition, absence of CD38 seems to compromise the maintenance of the granulomatous barrier, leading to dissemination and unrestrained growth of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Viegas
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Portuguese Institute for Oncology of Coimbra (IPOCFG, EPE), Av. Bissaya Barreto, 98, Apartado 2005, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
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