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Fukami-Gartner A, Baburamani AA, Dimitrova R, Patkee PA, Ojinaga-Alfageme O, Bonthrone AF, Cromb D, Uus AU, Counsell SJ, Hajnal JV, O’Muircheartaigh J, Rutherford MA. Comprehensive volumetric phenotyping of the neonatal brain in Down syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8921-8941. [PMID: 37254801 PMCID: PMC10350827 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability with a wide range of neurodevelopmental outcomes. To date, there have been very few in vivo neuroimaging studies of the neonatal brain in DS. In this study we used a cross-sectional sample of 493 preterm- to term-born control neonates from the developing Human Connectome Project to perform normative modeling of regional brain tissue volumes from 32 to 46 weeks postmenstrual age, accounting for sex and age variables. Deviation from the normative mean was quantified in 25 neonates with DS with postnatally confirmed karyotypes from the Early Brain Imaging in DS study. Here, we provide the first comprehensive volumetric phenotyping of the neonatal brain in DS, which is characterized by significantly reduced whole brain, cerebral white matter, and cerebellar volumes; reduced relative frontal and occipital lobar volumes, in contrast with enlarged relative temporal and parietal lobar volumes; enlarged relative deep gray matter volume (particularly the lentiform nuclei); and enlargement of the lateral ventricles, amongst other features. In future, the ability to assess phenotypic severity at the neonatal stage may help guide early interventions and, ultimately, help improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi Fukami-Gartner
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Prachi A Patkee
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Olatz Ojinaga-Alfageme
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra F Bonthrone
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Cromb
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alena U Uus
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan O’Muircheartaigh
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Nilsson G, Baburamani AA, Rutherford MA, Zhu C, Mallard C, Hagberg H, Vontell R, Wang X. White matter injury but not germinal matrix hemorrhage induces elevated osteopontin expression in human preterm brains. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:166. [PMID: 34654477 PMCID: PMC8518254 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates various physiological functions and is implicated in neuroinflammation, myelination, and perinatal brain injury. However, its expression in association with brain injury in preterm infants is unexplored. Here we examined the expression of OPN in postmortem brains of preterm infants and explored how this expression is affected in brain injury. We analyzed brain sections from cases with white matter injury (WMI) and cases with germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) and compared them to control cases having no brain injury. WMI cases displayed moderate to severe tissue injury in the periventricular and deep white matter that was accompanied by an increase of microglia with amoeboid morphology. Apart from visible hemorrhage in the germinal matrix, GMH cases displayed diffuse white matter injury in the periventricular and deep white matter. In non-injured preterm brains, OPN was expressed at low levels in microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. OPN expression was significantly increased in regions with white matter injury in both WMI cases and GMH cases. The main cellular source of OPN in white matter injury areas was amoeboid microglia, although a significant increase was also observed in astrocytes in WMI cases. OPN was not expressed in the germinal matrix of any case, regardless of whether there was hemorrhage. In conclusion, preterm brain injury induces elevated OPN expression in microglia and astrocytes, and this increase is found in sites closely related to injury in the white matter regions but not with the hemorrhage site in the germinal matrix. Thus, it appears that OPN takes part in the inflammatory process in white matter injury in preterm infants, and these findings facilitate our understanding of OPN's role under both physiological and pathological conditions in the human brain that may lead to greater elucidation of disease mechanisms and potentially better treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nilsson
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Vontell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Patkee PA, Baburamani AA, Long KR, Dimitrova R, Ciarrusta J, Allsop J, Hughes E, Kangas J, McAlonan GM, Rutherford MA, De Vita E. Neurometabolite mapping highlights elevated myo-inositol profiles within the developing brain in down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 153:105316. [PMID: 33711492 PMCID: PMC8039898 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental phenotype in Down Syndrome (DS), or Trisomy 21, is variable including a wide spectrum of cognitive impairment and a high risk of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). A key metabolite of interest within the brain in DS is Myo-inositol (mIns). The NA+/mIns co-transporter is located on human chromosome 21 and is overexpressed in DS. In adults with DS, elevated brain mIns was previously associated with cognitive impairment and proposed as a risk marker for progression to AD. However, it is unknown if brain mIns is increased earlier in development. The aim of this study was to estimate mIns concentration levels and key brain metabolites [N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho) and Creatine (Cr)] in the developing brain in DS and aged-matched controls. We used in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in neonates with DS (n = 12) and age-matched controls (n = 26) scanned just after birth (36-45 weeks postmenstrual age). Moreover, we used Mass Spectrometry in early (10-20 weeks post conception) ex vivo fetal brain tissue samples from DS (n = 14) and control (n = 30) cases. Relative to [Cho] and [Cr], we report elevated ratios of [mIns] in vivo in the basal ganglia/thalamus, in neonates with DS, when compared to age-matched typically developing controls. Glycine concentration ratios [Gly]/[Cr] and [Cho]/[Cr] also appear elevated. We observed elevated [mIns] in the ex vivo fetal cortical brain tissue in DS compared with controls. In conclusion, a higher level of brain mIns was evident as early as 10 weeks post conception and was measurable in vivo from 36 weeks post-menstrual age. Future work will determine if this early difference in metabolites is linked to cognitive outcomes in childhood or has utility as a potential treatment biomarker for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi A Patkee
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Katherine R Long
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Judit Ciarrusta
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Joanna Allsop
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Johanna Kangas
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Grainne M McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Baburamani AA, Tran NT, Castillo-Melendez M, Yawno T, Walker DW. Brief hypoxia in late gestation sheep causes prolonged disruption of fetal electrographic, breathing behaviours and can result in early labour. J Physiol 2021; 599:3221-3236. [PMID: 33977538 DOI: 10.1113/jp281266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Brief episodes of severe fetal hypoxia can arise in late gestation as a result of interruption of normal umbilical blood flow Systemic parameters and blood chemistry indicate complete recovery within 1-2 hours, although the long-term effects on fetal brain functions are unknown Fetal sheep were subjected to umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) for 10 min at 131 days of gestation, and then monitored intensively until onset of labour or delivery (<145 days of gestation) Normal patterns of fetal behaviour, including breathing movements, episodes of high and low voltage electorcortical activity, eye movements and postural (neck) muscle activity, were disrupted for 3-10 days after the UCO Preterm labour and delivery occurred in a significant number of the pregnancies after UCO compared to the control (sham-UCO) cohort. ABSTRACT Complications arising from antepartum events such as impaired umbilical blood flow can cause significant fetal hypoxia. These complications can be unpredictable, as well as difficult to detect, and thus we lack a detailed understanding of the (patho)physiological changes that occur between the antenatal in utero event and birth. In the present study, we assessed the consequences of brief (∼10 min) umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) in fetal sheep at ∼0.88 gestation on fetal plasma cortisol concentrations and fetal behaviour [electrocortical (EcoG), electo-oculargram (EOG), nuchal muscle electromyography (EMG) and breathing activities] in the days following UCO. UCO caused a rapid onset of fetal hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, and acidosis; however, by 6 h, all blood parameters and cardiovascular status were normalized and not different from the control (Sham-UCO) cohort. Subsequently, the incidence of fetal breathing movements decreased compared to the control group, and abnormal behavioural patterns developed over the days following UCO and leading up to the onset of labour, which included increased high voltage and sub-low voltage ECoG and EOG activities, as well as decreased nuchal EMG activity. Fetuses subjected to UCO went into labour 7.9 ± 3.6 days post-UCO (139.5 ± 3.2 days of gestation) compared to the control group fetuses at 13.6 ± 3.3 days post-sham UCO (144 ± 2.2 days of gestation; P < 0.05), despite comparable increases in fetal plasma cortisol and a similar body weight at birth. Thus, a single transient episode of complete UCO late in gestation in fetal sheep can result in prolonged effects on fetal brain activity and premature labour, suggesting persisting effects on fetal cerebral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Baburamani
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nhi T Tran
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Baburamani AA, Vontell RT, Uus A, Pietsch M, Patkee PA, Wyatt-Ashmead J, Chin-Smith EC, Supramaniam VG, Donald Tournier J, Deprez M, Rutherford MA. Assessment of radial glia in the frontal lobe of fetuses with Down syndrome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:141. [PMID: 32819430 PMCID: PMC7441567 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) occurs with triplication of human chromosome 21 and is associated with deviations in cortical development evidenced by simplified gyral appearance and reduced cortical surface area. Radial glia are neuronal and glial progenitors that also create a scaffolding structure essential for migrating neurons to reach cortical targets and therefore play a critical role in cortical development. The aim of this study was to characterise radial glial expression pattern and morphology in the frontal lobe of the developing human fetal brain with DS and age-matched controls. Secondly, we investigated whether microstructural information from in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could reflect histological findings from human brain tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded human post-mortem brain tissue from nine fetuses and neonates with DS (15-39 gestational weeks (GW)) and nine euploid age-matched brains (18-39 GW). Radial glia markers CRYAB, HOPX, SOX2, GFAP and Vimentin were assessed in the Ventricular Zone, Subventricular Zone and Intermediate Zone. In vivo diffusion MRI was used to assess microstructure in these regions in one DS (21 GW) and one control (22 GW) fetal brain. We found a significant reduction in radial glial progenitor SOX2 and subtle deviations in radial glia expression (GFAP and Vimentin) prior to 24 GW in DS. In vivo, fetal MRI demonstrates underlying radial projections consistent with immunohistopathology. Radial glial alterations may contribute to the subsequent simplified gyral patterns and decreased cortical volumes observed in the DS brain. Recent advances in fetal MRI acquisition and analysis could provide non-invasive imaging-based biomarkers of early developmental deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A. Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Regina T. Vontell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
- University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Alena Uus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Maximilian Pietsch
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Prachi A. Patkee
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Jo Wyatt-Ashmead
- Neuropathology and Pediatric-Perinatal Pathology Service [NaPPPS], Holly Springs, MS 38635 USA
| | - Evonne C. Chin-Smith
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Veena G. Supramaniam
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - J. Donald Tournier
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Maria Deprez
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Mary A. Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
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Baburamani AA, Arichi T. Complementing cooling: the ongoing search for an effective adjunct to therapeutic hypothermia. J Physiol 2020; 598:905-906. [PMID: 31994725 DOI: 10.1113/jp279518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
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Patkee PA, Baburamani AA, Kyriakopoulou V, Davidson A, Avini E, Dimitrova R, Allsop J, Hughes E, Kangas J, McAlonan G, Rutherford MA. Early alterations in cortical and cerebellar regional brain growth in Down Syndrome: An in vivo fetal and neonatal MRI assessment. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 25:102139. [PMID: 31887718 DOI: 10.1101/683656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcomes. At present, the relationship between structural brain morphology and the spectrum of cognitive phenotypes in DS, is not well understood. This study aimed to quantify the development of the fetal and neonatal brain in DS participants, with and without a congenital cardiac defect compared with a control population using dedicated, optimised and motion-corrected in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We detected deviations in development and altered regional brain growth in the fetus with DS from 21 weeks' gestation, when compared to age-matched controls. Reduced cerebellar volume was apparent in the second trimester with significant alteration in cortical growth becoming evident during the third trimester. Developmental abnormalities in the cortex and cerebellum are likely substrates for later neurocognitive impairment, and ongoing studies will allow us to confirm the role of antenatal MRI as an early biomarker for subsequent cognitive ability in DS. In the era of rapidly developing technologies, we believe that the results of this study will assist counselling for prospective parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi A Patkee
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Kyriakopoulou
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Davidson
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Elhaam Avini
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Allsop
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Kangas
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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Patkee PA, Baburamani AA, Kyriakopoulou V, Davidson A, Avini E, Dimitrova R, Allsop J, Hughes E, Kangas J, McAlonan G, Rutherford MA. Early alterations in cortical and cerebellar regional brain growth in Down Syndrome: An in vivo fetal and neonatal MRI assessment. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 25:102139. [PMID: 31887718 PMCID: PMC6938981 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental outcomes. At present, the relationship between structural brain morphology and the spectrum of cognitive phenotypes in DS, is not well understood. This study aimed to quantify the development of the fetal and neonatal brain in DS participants, with and without a congenital cardiac defect compared with a control population using dedicated, optimised and motion-corrected in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We detected deviations in development and altered regional brain growth in the fetus with DS from 21 weeks' gestation, when compared to age-matched controls. Reduced cerebellar volume was apparent in the second trimester with significant alteration in cortical growth becoming evident during the third trimester. Developmental abnormalities in the cortex and cerebellum are likely substrates for later neurocognitive impairment, and ongoing studies will allow us to confirm the role of antenatal MRI as an early biomarker for subsequent cognitive ability in DS. In the era of rapidly developing technologies, we believe that the results of this study will assist counselling for prospective parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi A Patkee
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Kyriakopoulou
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Davidson
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Elhaam Avini
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Allsop
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Kangas
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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9
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A G Teixeira RP, Neji R, Wood TC, Baburamani AA, Malik SJ, Hajnal JV. Controlled saturation magnetization transfer for reproducible multivendor variable flip angle T 1 and T 2 mapping. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:221-236. [PMID: 31846122 PMCID: PMC7154666 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The widespread clinical application of quantitative MRI has been hindered by a lack of reproducibility across sites and vendors. Previous work has attributed this to incorrect B1 mapping or insufficient spoiling conditions. We recently proposed the controlled saturation magnetization transfer (CSMT) framework and hypothesized that the lack of reproducibility can also be attributed to magnetization transfer effects. This work seeks to validate this hypothesis and demonstrate that reproducible multivendor single‐pool relaxometry can be achieved with the CSMT approach. Methods Three healthy volunteers were scanned on scanners from 3 vendors (GE Healthcare, Philips, Siemens). An extensive set of images necessary for joint T1 and T2 estimation were acquired with (1) each vendor default RF pulses and spoiling conditions; (2) harmonized RF spoiling; and (3) harmonized RF spoiling and CSMT pulses. Different subsets of images were used to generate 6 different T1 and T2 maps for each subject’s data from each vendor. Cross‐protocol, cross‐vendor, and test/retest variability were estimated. Results Harmonized RF spoiling conditions are insufficient to ensure good cross‐vendor reproducibility. Controlled saturation magnetization transfer allows cross‐protocol variability to be reduced from 18.3% to 4.0%. Whole‐brain variability using the same protocol was reduced from a maximum of 19% to 4.5% across sites. Both CSMT and native vendor RF conditions have a reported variability of less than 5% for repeat measures on the same vendor. Conclusion Magnetization transfer effects are a major contributor to intersite/intrasite variability of T1 and T2 estimation. Controlled saturation magnetization transfer stabilizes these effects, paving the way for the use of single‐pool T1 and T2 as a reliable source for clinical diagnosis across sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pedro A G Teixeira
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Radhouene Neji
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Magnetic Resonance Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias C Wood
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaihan J Malik
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Center for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common genetic developmental disorder in humans and is caused by partial or complete triplication of human chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). It is a complex condition which results in multiple lifelong health problems, including varying degrees of intellectual disability and delays in speech, memory, and learning. As both length and quality of life are improving for individuals with Down syndrome, attention is now being directed to understanding and potentially treating the associated cognitive difficulties and their underlying biological substrates. These have included imaging and postmortem studies which have identified decreased regional brain volumes and histological anomalies that accompany early onset dementia. In addition, advances in genome-wide analysis and Down syndrome mouse models are providing valuable insight into potential targets for intervention that could improve neurogenesis and long-term cognition. As little is known about early brain development in human Down syndrome, we review recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging that allow non-invasive visualization of brain macro- and microstructure, even in utero. It is hoped that together these advances may enable Down syndrome to become one of the first genetic disorders to be targeted by antenatal treatments designed to 'normalize' brain development. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Magnetic resonance imaging can provide non-invasive characterization of early brain development in Down syndrome. Down syndrome mouse models enable study of underlying pathology and potential intervention strategies. Potential therapies could modify brain structure and improve early cognitive levels. Down syndrome may be the first genetic disorder to have targeted therapies which alter antenatal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing BrainDepartment of Perinatal Imaging and HealthSchool of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonKing's Health PartnersSt Thomas’ HospitalLondonUK
| | - Prachi A Patkee
- Centre for the Developing BrainDepartment of Perinatal Imaging and HealthSchool of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonKing's Health PartnersSt Thomas’ HospitalLondonUK
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing BrainDepartment of Perinatal Imaging and HealthSchool of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonKing's Health PartnersSt Thomas’ HospitalLondonUK,Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK,Children's NeurosciencesEvelina London Children's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing BrainDepartment of Perinatal Imaging and HealthSchool of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonKing's Health PartnersSt Thomas’ HospitalLondonUK
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11
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Stolp HB, Fleiss B, Arai Y, Supramaniam V, Vontell R, Birtles S, Yates AG, Baburamani AA, Thornton C, Rutherford M, Edwards AD, Gressens P. Interneuron Development Is Disrupted in Preterm Brains With Diffuse White Matter Injury: Observations in Mouse and Human. Front Physiol 2019; 10:955. [PMID: 31417418 PMCID: PMC6683859 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm brain injury, occurring in approximately 30% of infants born <32 weeks gestational age, is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The mechanism of gray matter injury in preterm born children is unclear and likely to be multifactorial; however, inflammation, a high predictor of poor outcome in preterm infants, has been associated with disrupted interneuron maturation in a number of animal models. Interneurons are important for regulating normal brain development, and disruption in interneuron development, and the downstream effects of this, has been implicated in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we utilize postmortem tissue from human preterm cases with or without diffuse white matter injury (WMI; PMA range: 23+2 to 28+1 for non-WMI group, 26+6 to 30+0 for WMI group, p = 0.002) and a model of inflammation-induced preterm diffuse white matter injury (i.p. IL-1β, b.d., 10 μg/kg/injection in male CD1 mice from P1–5). Data from human preterm infants show deficits in interneuron numbers in the cortex and delayed growth of neuronal arbors at this early stage of development. In the mouse, significant reduction in the number of parvalbumin-positive interneurons was observed from postnatal day (P) 10. This decrease in parvalbumin neuron number was largely rectified by P40, though there was a significantly smaller number of parvalbumin positive cells associated with perineuronal nets in the upper cortical layers. Together, these data suggest that inflammation in the preterm brain may be a contributor to injury of specific interneuron in the cortical gray matter. This may represent a potential target for postnatal therapy to reduce the incidence and/or severity of neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Stolp
- Department for Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yoko Arai
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Veena Supramaniam
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Regina Vontell
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sebastian Birtles
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abi G Yates
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Thornton
- Department for Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Rutherford
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A David Edwards
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
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12
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Ardalan M, Svedin P, Baburamani AA, Supramaniam VG, Ek J, Hagberg H, Mallard C. Dysmaturation of Somatostatin Interneurons Following Umbilical Cord Occlusion in Preterm Fetal Sheep. Front Physiol 2019; 10:563. [PMID: 31178744 PMCID: PMC6538799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral white matter injury is the most common neuropathology observed in preterm infants. However, there is increasing evidence that gray matter development also contributes to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Fetal cerebral ischemia can lead to both neuronal and non-neuronal structural-functional abnormalities, but less is known about the specific effects on interneurons. OBJECTIVE In this study we used a well-established animal model of fetal asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep to study neuropathological outcome. We used comprehensive stereological methods to investigate the total number of oligodendrocytes, neurons and somatostatin (STT) positive interneurons as well as 3D morphological analysis of STT cells 14 days following umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) in fetal sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS Induction of asphyxia was performed by 25 min of complete UCO in five preterm fetal sheep (98-100 days gestational age). Seven, non-occluded twins served as controls. Quantification of the number of neurons (NeuN), STT interneurons and oligodendrocytes (Olig2, CNPase) was performed on fetal brain regions by applying optical fractionator method. A 3D morphological analysis of STT interneurons was performed using IMARIS software. RESULTS The number of Olig2, NeuN, and STT positive cells were reduced in IGWM, caudate and putamen in UCO animals compared to controls. There were also fewer STT interneurons in the ventral part of the hippocampus, the subiculum and the entorhinal cortex in UCO group, while other parts of cortex were virtually unaffected (p > 0.05). Morphologically, STT positive interneurons showed a markedly immature structure, with shorter dendritic length and fewer dendritic branches in cortex, caudate, putamen, and subiculum in the UCO group compared with control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The significant reduction in the total number of neurons and oligodendrocytes in several brain regions confirm previous studies showing susceptibility of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells following fetal asphyxia. However, in the cerebral cortex significant dysmaturation of STT positive neurons occurred in the absence of cell loss. This suggests an abnormal maturation pattern of GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex, which might contribute to neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants and could implicate a novel target for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana A. Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veena G. Supramaniam
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joakim Ek
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre for Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Rangon CM, Schang AL, Van Steenwinckel J, Schwendimann L, Lebon S, Fu T, Chen L, Beneton V, Journiac N, Young-Ten P, Bourgeois T, Maze J, Matrot B, Baburamani AA, Supramaniam V, Mallard C, Trottet L, Edwards AD, Hagberg H, Fleiss B, Li J, Chuang TT, Gressens P. Myelination induction by a histamine H3 receptor antagonist in a mouse model of preterm white matter injury. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:265-276. [PMID: 30218783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen million babies are born preterm every year and a significant number suffer from permanent neurological injuries linked to white matter injury (WMI). A chief cause of preterm birth itself and predictor of the severity of WMI is exposure to maternal-fetal infection-inflammation such as chorioamnionitis. There are no neurotherapeutics for this WMI. To affect this healthcare need, the repurposing of drugs with efficacy in other white matter injury models is an attractive strategy. As such, we tested the efficacy of GSK247246, an H3R antagonist/inverse agonist, in a model of inflammation-mediated WMI of the preterm born infant recapitulating the main clinical hallmarks of human brain injury, which are oligodendrocyte maturation arrest, microglial reactivity, and hypomyelination. WMI is induced by mimicking the effects of maternal-fetal infection-inflammation and setting up neuroinflammation. We induce this process at the time in the mouse when brain development is equivalent to the human third trimester; postnatal day (P)1 through to P5 with i.p. interleukin-1β (IL-1β) injections. We initiated GSK247246 treatment (i.p at 7 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) after neuroinflammation was well established (on P6) and it was administered twice daily through to P10. Outcomes were assessed at P10 and P30 with gene and protein analysis. A low dose of GSK247246 (7 mg/kg) lead to a recovery in protein expression of markers of myelin (density of Myelin Basic Protein, MBP & Proteolipid Proteins, PLP) and a reduction in macro- and microgliosis (density of ionising adaptor protein, IBA1 & glial fibrillary acid protein, GFAP). Our results confirm the neurotherapeutic efficacy of targeting the H3R for WMI seen in a cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis and a recently reported clinical trial in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Further work is needed to develop a slow release strategy for this agent and test its efficacy in large animal models of preterm infant WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Marie Rangon
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Schang
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France; UMR CNRS 8638-Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Van Steenwinckel
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Leslie Schwendimann
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lebon
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Tingting Fu
- Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Shanghai 201203, China; Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Libo Chen
- Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Shanghai 201203, China; Platform Technologies and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Nathalie Journiac
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierrette Young-Ten
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeois
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Johanna Maze
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Boris Matrot
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Veena Supramaniam
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy/East Hospital, 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jingjun Li
- Regenerative Medicine DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Shanghai 201023, China; Regenerative Medicine DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Tsu Tshen Chuang
- Regenerative Medicine DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Shanghai 201023, China; Regenerative Medicine DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; PremUP, F-75006 Paris, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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14
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Kichev A, Baburamani AA, Vontell R, Gressens P, Burkly L, Thornton C, Hagberg H. TWEAK Receptor Deficiency Has Opposite Effects on Female and Male Mice Subjected to Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Front Neurol 2018; 9:230. [PMID: 29706927 PMCID: PMC5906546 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a multifunctional cytokine member of the TNF family. TWEAK binds to its only known receptor, Fn14, enabling it to activate downstream signaling processes in response to tissue injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TWEAK signaling in neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI). We found that after neonatal HI, both TWEAK and Fn14 expression were increased to a greater extent in male compared with female mice. To assess the role of TWEAK signaling after HI, the size of the injury was measured in neonatal mice genetically deficient in Fn14 and compared with their wild-type and heterozygote littermates. A significant sex difference in the Fn14 knockout (KO) animals was observed. Fn14 gene KO was beneficial in females; conversely, reducing Fn14 expression exacerbated the brain injury in male mice. Our findings indicate that the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway is critical for development of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury in immature animals. However, as the responses are different in males and females, clinical implementation depends on development of sex-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kichev
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Regina Vontell
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Linda Burkly
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Claire Thornton
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Perinatal Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Albertsson AM, Zhang X, Vontell R, Bi D, Bronson RT, Supramaniam V, Baburamani AA, Hua S, Nazmi A, Cardell S, Zhu C, Cantor H, Mallard C, Hagberg H, Leavenworth JW, Wang X. γδ T Cells Contribute to Injury in the Developing Brain. Am J Pathol 2017; 188:757-767. [PMID: 29248460 PMCID: PMC5840494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain injury in premature infants, especially periventricular leukomalacia, is an important cause of neurologic disabilities. Inflammation contributes to perinatal brain injury development, but the essential mediators that lead to early-life brain injury remain largely unknown. Neonates have reduced capacity for mounting conventional αβT-cell responses. However, γδT cells are already functionally competent during early development and are important in early-life immunity. We investigated the potential contribution of γδT cells to preterm brain injury using postmortem brains from human preterm infants with periventricular leukomalacia and two animal models of preterm brain injury—the hypoxic-ischemic mouse model and a fetal sheep asphyxia model. Large numbers of γδT cells were observed in the brains of mice, sheep, and postmortem preterm infants after injury, and depletion of γδT cells provided protection in the mouse model. The common γδT-cell–associated cytokines interferon-γ and IL-17A were not detectable in the brain. Although there were increased mRNA levels of Il17f and Il22 in the mouse brains after injury, neither IL-17F nor IL-22 cytokines contributed to preterm brain injury. These findings highlight unique features of injury in the developing brain, where, unlike injury in the mature brain, γδT cells function as initiators of injury independently of common γδT-cell–associated cytokines. This finding will help to identify therapeutic targets for preventing or treating preterm infants with brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maj Albertsson
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Regina Vontell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Bi
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Veena Supramaniam
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sha Hua
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Luwan Branch of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Arshed Nazmi
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Harvey Cantor
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carina Mallard
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Sciences, East Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Perinatal Center, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Baburamani AA, Sobotka KS, Vontell R, Mallard C, Supramaniam VG, Thornton C, Hagberg H. Effect of Trp53 gene deficiency on brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12081-12092. [PMID: 28076846 PMCID: PMC5355327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) can result in permanent life-long injuries such as motor and cognitive deficits. In response to cellular stressors such as hypoxia, tumor suppressor protein p53 is activated, potently initiating apoptosis and promoting Bax-dependent mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Trp53 genetic inhibition on injury development in the immature brain following HI. HI (50 min or 60 min) was induced at postnatal day 9 (PND9) in Trp53 heterozygote (het) and wild type (WT) mice. Utilizing Cre-LoxP technology, CaMK2α-Cre mice were bred with Trp53-Lox mice, resulting in knockdown of Trp53 in CaMK2α neurons. HI was induced at PND12 (50 min) and PND28 (40 min). Extent of brain injury was assessed 7 days following HI. Following 50 min HI at PND9, Trp53 het mice showed protection in the posterior hippocampus and thalamus. No difference was seen between WT or Trp53 het mice following a severe, 60 min HI. Cre-Lox mice that were subjected to HI at PND12 showed no difference in injury, however we determined that neuronal specific CaMK2α-Cre recombinase activity was strongly expressed by PND28. Concomitantly, Trp53 was reduced at 6 weeks of age in KO-Lox Trp53 mice. Cre-Lox mice subjected to HI at PND28 showed no significant difference in brain injury. These data suggest that p53 has a limited contribution to the development of injury in the immature/juvenile brain following HI. Further studies are required to determine the effect of p53 on downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Baburamani
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina S Sobotka
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Vontell
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Mallard
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veena G Supramaniam
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Thornton
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Ek CJ, D'Angelo B, Baburamani AA, Lehner C, Leverin AL, Smith PLP, Nilsson H, Svedin P, Hagberg H, Mallard C. Brain barrier properties and cerebral blood flow in neonatal mice exposed to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:818-27. [PMID: 25627141 PMCID: PMC4420855 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insults to the developing brain often result in irreparable damage resulting in long-term deficits in motor and cognitive functions. The only treatment today for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns is hypothermia, which has limited clinical benefit. We have studied changes to the blood-brain barriers (BBB) as well as regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a neonatal model of HIE to further understand the underlying pathologic mechanisms. Nine-day old mice pups, brain roughly equivalent to the near-term human fetus, were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia. Hypoxia-ischemia increased BBB permeability to small and large molecules within hours after the insult, which normalized in the following days. The opening of the BBB was associated with changes to BBB protein expression whereas gene transcript levels were increased showing direct molecular damage to the BBB but also suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Brain pathology was closely related to reductions in rCBF during the hypoxia as well as the areas with compromised BBB showing that these are intimately linked. The transient opening of the BBB after the insult is likely to contribute to the pathology but at the same time provides an opportunity for therapeutics to better reach the infarcted areas in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara D'Angelo
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana A Baburamani
- 1] Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden [2] Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christine Lehner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Department of Traumatology and Sport Injuries, Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Anna-Lena Leverin
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter L P Smith
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- 1] Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK [2] Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Baburamani AA, Miyakuni Y, Vontell R, Supramaniam VG, Svedin P, Rutherford M, Gressens P, Mallard C, Takeda S, Thornton C, Hagberg H. Does Caspase-6 Have a Role in Perinatal Brain Injury? Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:321-37. [PMID: 25823427 PMCID: PMC4876595 DOI: 10.1159/000375368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic mechanisms are centre stage for the development of injury in the immature brain, and caspases have been shown to play a pivotal role during brain development and in response to injury. The inhibition of caspases using broad-spectrum agents such as Q-VD-OPh is neuroprotective in the immature brain. Caspase-6, an effector caspase, has been widely researched in neurodevelopmental disorders and found to be important following adult stroke, but its function in the neonatal brain has yet to be detailed. Furthermore, caspases may be important in microglial activation; microglia are required for optimal brain development and following injury, and their close involvement during neuronal cell death suggests that apoptotic cues such as caspase activation may be important in microglial activation. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the possible apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions caspase-6 may have in the immature brain in response to hypoxia-ischaemia. We examined whether caspases are involved in microglial activation. We assessed cleaved caspase-6 expression following hypoxia-ischaemia and conducted primary microglial cultures to assess whether the broad-spectrum inhibitor Q-VD-OPh or caspase-6 gene deletion affected lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated microglial activation and phenotype. We observed cleaved caspase-6 expression to be low but present in the cell body and cell processes in both a human case of white matter injury and 72 h following hypoxia-ischaemia in the rat. Gene deletion of caspase-6 did not affect the outcome of brain injury following mild (50 min) or severe (60 min) hypoxia-ischaemia. Interestingly, we did note that cleaved caspase-6 was co-localised with microglia that were not of apoptotic morphology. We observed that mRNA of a number of caspases was modulated by low-dose LPS stimulation of primary microglia. Q-VD-OPh treatment and caspase-6 gene deletion did not affect microglial activation but modified slightly the M2b phenotype response by changing the time course of SOCS3 expression after LPS administration. Our results suggest that the impact of active caspase-6 in the developing brain is subtle, and we believe there are predominantly other caspases (caspase-2, −3, −8, −9) that are essential for the cell death processes in the immature brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Baburamani
- Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Kichev A, Rousset CI, Baburamani AA, Levison SW, Wood TL, Gressens P, Thornton C, Hagberg H. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signaling and cell death in the immature central nervous system after hypoxia-ischemia and inflammation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9430-9. [PMID: 24509861 PMCID: PMC3979382 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.512350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF family. The interaction of TRAIL with death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5 can trigger apoptotic cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TRAIL signaling in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Using a neonatal mouse model of HI, mRNA, and protein expression of TRAIL, DR5 and the TRAIL decoy receptors osteoprotegerin (OPG), mDcTRAILR1, and mDcTRAILR2 were determined. In vitro, mRNA expression of these genes was measured in primary neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) after inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α/IFN-γ) treatment and/or oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). The toxicity of these various paradigms was also measured. The expression of TRAIL, DR5, OPG, and mDcTRAILR2 was significantly increased after HI. In vitro, inflammatory cytokines and OGD treatment significantly induced mRNAs for TRAIL, DR5, OPG, and mDcTRAILR2 in primary neurons and of TRAIL and OPG in OPCs. TRAIL protein was expressed primarily in microglia and astroglia, whereas DR5 co-localized with neurons and OPCs in vivo. OGD enhanced TNF-α/IFN-γ toxicity in both neuronal and OPC cultures. Recombinant TRAIL exerted toxicity alone or in combination with OGD and TNF-α/IFN-γ in primary neurons but not in OPC cultures. The marked increases in the expression of TRAIL and its receptors after cytokine exposure and OGD in primary neurons and OPCs were similar to those found in our animal model of neonatal HI. The toxicity of TRAIL in primary neurons suggests that TRAIL signaling participates in neonatal brain injury after inflammation and HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kichev
- From the Centre for the Developing Brain, Perinatal Brain Injury Group, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Baburamani AA, Ek CJ, Walker DW, Castillo-Melendez M. Vulnerability of the developing brain to hypoxic-ischemic damage: contribution of the cerebral vasculature to injury and repair? Front Physiol 2012; 3:424. [PMID: 23162470 PMCID: PMC3493883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As clinicians attempt to understand the underlying reasons for the vulnerability of different regions of the developing brain to injury, it is apparent that little is known as to how hypoxia-ischemia may affect the cerebrovasculature in the developing infant. Most of the research investigating the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia has focused on excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and an inflammatory response, with the response of the developing cerebrovasculature receiving less attention. This is surprising as the presentation of devastating and permanent injury such as germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage (GM-IVH) and perinatal stroke are of vascular origin, and the origin of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) may also arise from poor perfusion of the white matter. This highlights that cerebrovasculature injury following hypoxia could primarily be responsible for the injury seen in the brain of many infants diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Interestingly the highly dynamic nature of the cerebral blood vessels in the fetus, and the fluctuations of cerebral blood flow and metabolic demand that occur following hypoxia suggest that the response of blood vessels could explain both regional protection and vulnerability in the developing brain. However, research into how blood vessels respond following hypoxia-ischemia have mostly been conducted in adult models of ischemia or stroke, further highlighting the need to investigate how the developing cerebrovasculature responds and the possible contribution to perinatal brain injury following hypoxia. This review discusses the current concepts on the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury, the development of the fetal cerebrovasculature and the blood brain barrier (BBB), and key mediators involved with the response of cerebral blood vessels to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Baburamani
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University Göteborg, Sweden
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Polglase GR, Miller SL, Barton SK, Baburamani AA, Wong FY, Aridas JDS, Gill AW, Moss TJM, Tolcos M, Kluckow M, Hooper SB. Initiation of resuscitation with high tidal volumes causes cerebral hemodynamic disturbance, brain inflammation and injury in preterm lambs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39535. [PMID: 22761816 PMCID: PMC3382197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Preterm infants can be inadvertently exposed to high tidal volumes (V(T)) in the delivery room, causing lung inflammation and injury, but little is known about their effects on the brain. The aim of this study was to compare an initial 15 min of high V(T) resuscitation strategy to a less injurious resuscitation strategy on cerebral haemodynamics, inflammation and injury. METHODS Preterm lambs at 126 d gestation were surgically instrumented prior to receiving resuscitation with either: 1) High V(T) targeting 10-12 mL/kg for the first 15 min (n = 6) or 2) a protective resuscitation strategy (Prot V(T)), consisting of prophylactic surfactant, a 20 s sustained inflation and a lower initial V(T) (7 mL/kg; n = 6). Both groups were subsequently ventilated with a V(T) 7 mL/kg. Blood gases, arterial pressures and carotid blood flows were recorded. Cerebral blood volume and oxygenation were assessed using near infrared spectroscopy. The brain was collected for biochemical and histologic assessment of inflammation, injury, vascular extravasation, hemorrhage and oxidative injury. Unventilated controls (UVC; n = 6) were used for comparison. RESULTS High V(T) lambs had worse oxygenation and required greater ventilatory support than Prot V(T) lambs. High V(T) resulted in cerebral haemodynamic instability during the initial 15 min, adverse cerebral tissue oxygenation index and cerebral vasoparalysis. While both resuscitation strategies increased lung and brain inflammation and oxidative stress, High V(T) resuscitation significantly amplified the effect (p = 0.014 and p<0.001). Vascular extravasation was evident in the brains of 60% of High V(T) lambs, but not in UVC or Prot V(T) lambs. CONCLUSION High V(T) resulted in greater cerebral haemodynamic instability, increased brain inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular extravasation than a Prot V(T) strategy. The initiation of resuscitation targeting Prot V(T) may reduce the severity of brain injury in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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22
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Abstract
Secondary brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia is associated with delayed loss of high energy phosphates implicating bioenergetic mitochondrial failure at least partly related to deregulation of the energy sensor adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, the toxic intracellular environment (accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrosative species and intracellular calcium) during post-ischemic reperfusion triggers Bax-dependent mitochondrial permeabilization (MP) leading to activation of caspase-dependent and apoptosis-inducing factor dependent cell death. We still do not understand how MP is induced but some data suggest that mitochondrial fusion/fission as well as migration play a critical role. Mitochondrial dynamics also seem critical for brain development as genetic deficiency of proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission results in malformations including microcephaly, abnormal brain development and dysmyelination. In this brief review, we update the critical role of mitochondria in brain development and the decision of cell fate after hypoxia-ischemia in the immature CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I Rousset
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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23
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Polglase GR, Nitsos I, Baburamani AA, Crossley KJ, Slater MK, Gill AW, Allison BJ, Moss TJM, Pillow JJ, Hooper SB, Kluckow M. Inflammation in utero exacerbates ventilation-induced brain injury in preterm lambs. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:481-9. [PMID: 22052871 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00995.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow disturbance is a major contributor to brain injury in the preterm infant. The initiation of ventilation may be a critical time for cerebral hemodynamic disturbance leading to brain injury in preterm infants, particularly if they are exposed to inflammation in utero. We aimed to determine whether exposure to inflammation in utero alters cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, resulting in cerebral hemodynamic disturbance and related brain injury during the initiation of ventilation. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether inflammation in utero alters the cerebral hemodynamic response to challenge induced by high mean airway pressures. Pregnant ewes received intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline either 2 or 4-days before preterm delivery (at 128 ± 1 days of gestation). Lambs were surgically instrumented for assessment of pulmonary and cerebral hemodynamics before delivery and positive pressure ventilation. After 30 min, lambs were challenged hemodynamically by incrementing and decrementing positive end-expiratory pressure. Blood gases, arterial pressures, and blood flows were recorded. The brain was collected for biochemical and histological assessment of inflammation, brain damage, vascular extravasation, hemorrhage, and oxidative injury. Carotid arterial pressure was higher and carotid blood flow was more variable in 2-day LPS lambs than in controls during the initial 15 min of ventilation. All lambs responded similarly to the hemodynamic challenge. Both 2- and 4-day LPS lambs had increased brain interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression; increased number of inflammatory cells in the white matter; increased incidence and severity of brain damage; and vascular extravasation relative to controls. Microvascular hemorrhage was increased in 2-day LPS lambs compared with controls. Cerebral oxidative injury was not different between groups. Antenatal inflammation causes adverse cerebral hemodynamics and increases the incidence and severity of brain injury in ventilated preterm lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme R Polglase
- Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Yan EB, Baburamani AA, Walker AM, Walker DW. Changes in cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolites, and breathing movements in the sheep fetus following asphyxia produced by occlusion of the umbilical cord. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R60-9. [PMID: 19403864 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00047.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe global fetal asphyxia, if caused by a brief occlusion of the umbilical cord, results in prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion in fetal sheep. In this study, we sought evidence to support the hypothesis that cerebral hypoperfusion is a consequence of suppressed cerebral metabolism. In the 24 h following complete occlusion of the umbilical cord for 10 min, sagittal sinus blood flow velocity was significantly decreased for up to 12 h. Capillary blood flow, measured using microspheres, decreased at 1 and 5 h after cord occlusion in many brain regions, including cortical gray and white matter. Microdialysis probes implanted in the cerebral cortex revealed an increase in extracellular glucose concentrations in gray matter for 7-8 h postasphyxia, while lactate increased only briefly, suggesting decreased cerebral glucose utilization over this time. Although these data, as well as the concurrent suppression of breathing movements and electrocortical activity, support the concept of hypometabolic hypoperfusion, the significant increase of pyruvate and glycerol concentrations in dialysate fluid obtained from the cerebral cortex at 3-8 h after cord occlusion suggests an eventual loss of membrane integrity. The prolonged increase of breathing movements for many hours suggests loss of the pontine/thalamic control that produces the distinct pattern of fetal breathing movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin B Yan
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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