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do Carmo JM, Hall JE, Dai X, Aitkens N, Larson K, Luna-Suarez EM, Wang Z, Omoto ACM, Mouton A, Li X, Furukawa LNS, Woronik V, da Silva AA. Parental obesity predisposes offspring to kidney dysfunction and increased susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury in a sex-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F727-F736. [PMID: 38511219 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00294.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although obesity is recognized as a risk factor for cardiorenal and metabolic diseases, the impact of parental obesity on the susceptibility of their offspring to renal injury at adulthood is unknown. We examined the impact of parental obesity on offspring kidney function, morphology, and markers of kidney damage after acute kidney injury (AKI). Offspring from normal (N) diet-fed C57BL/6J parents were fed either N (NN) or a high-fat (H) diet (NH) from weaning until adulthood. Offspring from obese H diet-fed parents were fed N (HN) or H diet (HH) after weaning. All offspring groups were submitted to bilateral AKI by clamping the left and right renal pedicles for 30 min. Compared with male NH and NN offspring from lean parents, male HH and HN offspring from obese parents exhibited higher kidney injury markers such as urinary, renal osteopontin, plasma creatinine, urinary albumin excretion, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, and worse histological injury score at 22 wk of age. Only albumin excretion and NGAL were elevated in female HH offspring from obese parents compared with lean and obese offspring from lean parents. We also found an increased mortality rate and worse kidney injury scores after AKI in male offspring from obese parents, regardless of the diet consumed after weaning. Female offspring were protected from major kidney injury after AKI. These results indicate that parental obesity leads to increased kidney injury in their offspring after ischemia-reperfusion in a sex-dependent manner, even when their offspring remain lean.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Offspring from obese parents are more susceptible to kidney injury and worse outcomes following an acute ischemia-reperfusion insult. Male, but not female, offspring from obese parents exhibit increased blood pressure early in life. Female offspring are partially protected against major kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Nikaela Aitkens
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Kylie Larson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Emilio M Luna-Suarez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Alan Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Luzia N S Furukawa
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viktoria Woronik
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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Omoto ACM, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Hall JE, Mouton AJ. Immunometabolism, extracellular vesicles and cardiac injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1331284. [PMID: 38260141 PMCID: PMC10800986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1331284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence from our lab and others suggests that metabolic reprogramming of immune cells drives changes in immune cell phenotypes along the inflammatory-to-reparative spectrum and plays a critical role in mediating the inflammatory responses to cardiac injury (e.g. hypertension, myocardial infarction). However, the factors that drive metabolic reprogramming in immune cells are not fully understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized for their ability to transfer cargo such as microRNAs from remote sites to influence cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are implicated in the majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases, can skew production of EVs toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes. In this mini-review, we discuss the mechanisms by which EVs may influence immune cell metabolism during cardiac injury and factors associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome that can disrupt normal EV function. We also discuss potential sources of cardio-protective and anti-inflammatory EVs, such as brown adipose tissue. Finally, we discuss implications for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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do Carmo JM, Dai X, Aitken N, Larson KM, Omoto ACM, Gulke RR, Wang Z, Li X, Mouton AJ, Hall JE, da Silva AA. Sex differences in weight gain, blood pressure control, and responses to melanocortin-4 receptor antagonism in offspring from lean and obese parents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R401-R410. [PMID: 37519251 PMCID: PMC10639017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00106.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined potential sex differences in appetite and blood pressure (BP) responses to melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) blockade in offspring from lean and obese parents. Offspring from normal (N) diet-fed parents were fed N (NN) or high-fat (H) diets (NH) from weaning until adulthood. Offspring from obese H diet-fed parents were also fed N (HN) or H diets (HH). Adult male and female offspring were implanted with BP telemetry probes and intracerebroventricular cannulas to infuse MC4R antagonist or vehicle. Infusion of the MC4R antagonist SHU-9119 (1 nmol/h) for 7 days caused larger increases in calorie intake and body weight in obese compared with lean offspring. In male offspring, HH and HN groups exhibited higher baseline BP compared with NN and NH, and HH showed a greater reduction in BP during SHU-9119 infusion. In female offspring, HH also showed higher baseline BP and greater reduction in BP during MC4R blockade. SHU-9119 reduced heart rate in all groups, but reductions were more pronounced in offspring from lean parents. Combined α and β-adrenergic blockade reduced BP more in male HH offspring compared with NN controls. Losartan reduced BP more in male NH, HN, and HH offspring compared with NN controls. Losartan and α- and β-adrenergic blockade reduced BP similarly in all female groups. These results suggest that endogenous MC4R activity contributes to elevated BP in obese offspring from obese parents. Our findings also indicate important sex differences in the mechanisms of BP control in male and female offspring of obese parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Nikaela Aitken
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Kylie M Larson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Rodrigo R Gulke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
- Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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Mouton AJ, Aitken NM, Moak SP, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Omoto ACM, Li X, Wang Z, Schrimpe-Rutledge AC, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Hall JE. Temporal changes in glucose metabolism reflect polarization in resident and monocyte-derived macrophages after myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1136252. [PMID: 37215542 PMCID: PMC10196495 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1136252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation may mediate macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. We hypothesized that changes in cardiac macrophage glucose metabolism would reflect polarization status after myocardial infarction (MI), ranging from the early inflammatory phase to the later wound healing phase. Methods MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in adult male C57BL/6J mice for 1 (D1), 3 (D3), or 7 (D7) days. Infarct macrophages were subjected to metabolic flux analysis or gene expression analysis. Monocyte versus resident cardiac macrophage metabolism was assessed using mice lacking the Ccr2 gene (CCR2 KO). Results By flow cytometry and RT-PCR, D1 macrophages exhibited an M1 phenotype while D7 macrophages exhibited an M2 phenotype. Macrophage glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate) was increased at D1 and D3, returning to basal levels at D7. Glucose oxidation (oxygen consumption rate) was decreased at D3, returning to basal levels at D7. At D1, glycolytic genes were elevated (Gapdh, Ldha, Pkm2), while TCA cycle genes were elevated at D3 (Idh1 and Idh2) and D7 (Pdha1, Idh1/2, Sdha/b). Surprisingly, Slc2a1 and Hk1/2 were increased at D7, as well as pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) genes (G6pdx, G6pd2, Pgd, Rpia, Taldo1), indicating increased PPP activity. Macrophages from CCR2 KO mice showed decreased glycolysis and increased glucose oxidation at D3, and decreases in Ldha and Pkm2 expression. Administration of dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, robustly decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation in the non-infarcted remote zone, but did not affect macrophage phenotype or metabolism in the infarct zone. Discussion Our results indicate that changes in glucose metabolism and the PPP underlie macrophage polarization following MI, and that metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of monocyte-derived but not resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Nikaela M. Aitken
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Sydney P. Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Jussara M. do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Ana C. M. Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | | | - Simona G. Codreanu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Stacy D. Sherrod
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
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Mouton AJ, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Omoto ACM, Hall JE. Targeting immunometabolism during cardiorenal injury: roles of conventional and alternative macrophage metabolic fuels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1139296. [PMID: 37234412 PMCID: PMC10208225 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1139296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in mediating and resolving tissue injury as well as tissue remodeling during cardiorenal disease. Altered immunometabolism, particularly macrophage metabolism, is a critical underlying mechanism of immune dysfunction and inflammation, particularly in individuals with underlying metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the critical roles of macrophages in cardiac and renal injury and disease. We also highlight the roles of macrophage metabolism and discuss metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and diabetes, which may impair normal macrophage metabolism and thus predispose individuals to cardiorenal inflammation and injury. As the roles of macrophage glucose and fatty acid metabolism have been extensively discussed elsewhere, we focus on the roles of alternative fuels, such as lactate and ketones, which play underappreciated roles during cardiac and renal injury and heavily influence macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jussara M. do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ana C. M. Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - John E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Lataro RM, Moraes DJA, Gava FN, Omoto ACM, Silva CAA, Brognara F, Alflen L, Brazão V, Colato RP, do Prado JC, Ford AP, Salgado HC, Paton JFR. P2X3 receptor antagonism attenuates the progression of heart failure. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1725. [PMID: 36977675 PMCID: PMC10050083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of heart failure, prognosis is poor, mortality high and there remains no cure. Heart failure is associated with reduced cardiac pump function, autonomic dysregulation, systemic inflammation and sleep-disordered breathing; these morbidities are exacerbated by peripheral chemoreceptor dysfunction. We reveal that in heart failure the carotid body generates spontaneous, episodic burst discharges coincident with the onset of disordered breathing in male rats. Purinergic (P2X3) receptors were upregulated two-fold in peripheral chemosensory afferents in heart failure, and when antagonized abolished these episodic discharges, normalized both peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity and the breathing pattern, reinstated autonomic balance, improved cardiac function, and reduced both inflammation and biomarkers of cardiac failure. Aberrant ATP transmission in the carotid body triggers episodic discharges that via P2X3 receptors play a crucial role in the progression of heart failure and as such offer a distinct therapeutic angle to reverse multiple components of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Davi J A Moraes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabio N Gava
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Veterinary, Agrarian Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos A A Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lais Alflen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vânia Brazão
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Pravato Colato
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Helio C Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Julian F R Paton
- Manaaki Manawa-The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Omoto ACM, do Carmo JM, Nelson B, Aitken N, Dai X, Moak S, Flynn E, Wang Z, Mouton AJ, Li X, Hall JE, da Silva AA. Central Nervous System Actions of Leptin Improve Cardiac Function After Ischemia–Reperfusion: Roles of Sympathetic Innervation and Sex Differences. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e027081. [DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background
Therapeutic strategies for preventing paradoxical reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia are limited. We tested whether central nervous system actions of leptin induce important protective effects on cardiac function and metabolism after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the role of cardiac sympathetic innervation in mediating these effects, and whether there are major sex differences in the cardioprotective effects of chronic central nervous system leptin infusion.
Methods and Results
Myocardial I/R was induced by temporary ligation of the left descending coronary artery in male and female Wistar rats instrumented with intracerebroventricular cannula in the lateral ventricle. Vehicle or leptin (0.62 μg/h) infusion was started immediately after reperfusion and continued for 28 days using osmotic minipumps connected to the intracerebroventricular cannula. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, ventricular pressures, and exercise performance. Intracerebroventricular leptin treatment markedly attenuated cardiac dysfunction post‐I/R as evidenced by improved ejection fraction (56.7±1.9 versus 22.6%±1.1%), maximal rate of left ventricle rise (11 680±2122 versus 5022±441 mm Hg) and exercise performance (−4.2±7.9 versus −68.2±3.8 Δ%) compared with vehicle‐treated rats. Intracerebroventricular leptin infusion reduced infarct size in females, but not males, when compared with ad‐lib fed or pair‐fed saline‐treated rats. Intracerebroventricular leptin treatment also increased cardiac NAD
+
/NADH content (≈10‐fold) and improved mitochondrial function when compared with vehicle treatment. Cervical ganglia denervation did not attenuate the cardiac protective effects of leptin after I/R injury.
Conclusions
These data indicate that leptin, via its central nervous system actions, markedly improves overall heart function and mitochondrial metabolism after I/R injury regardless of sex, effects that are largely independent of cardiac sympathetic innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. M. Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Jussara M. do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Benjamin Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Nikaela Aitken
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Sydney Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Elizabeth Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - John E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
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Carmo JM, Moak SP, Dai X, Borges GC, Omoto ACM, Wang Z, Li X, Mouton AJ, Hall JE, Silva AA. Parental Obesity Alters Offspring Blood Pressure Regulation and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress: Role of P2X7R and Sex Differences. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M. Carmo
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Sydney P. Moak
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | | | - Ana C. M. Omoto
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Zhen Wang
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Xuan Li
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Alan J. Mouton
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - John E. Hall
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Alexandre A. Silva
- Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
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Alves JV, Costa RM, Omoto ACM, Oliveira‐Neto JT, Silva JF, Machado MR, Rosa UG, Bonato VLD, Tostes RCA. Supraphysiological Levels of Testosterone Induce Cardiac Dysfunction via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose T. Oliveira‐Neto
- PharmacologyUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirão Preto
- PhysiologyUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirão Preto
| | | | | | - Ualter G. Rosa
- Biochemistry and ImmunologyUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirão Preto
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10
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Li X, Flynn ER, do Carmo JM, Wang Z, da Silva AA, Mouton AJ, Omoto ACM, Hall ME, Hall JE. Direct Cardiac Actions of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition Improve Mitochondrial Function and Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859253. [PMID: 35647080 PMCID: PMC9135142 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials showed that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of drugs developed for treating diabetes mellitus, improve prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). However, the mechanisms for cardioprotection by SGLT2 inhibitors are still unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play important roles in progression of HF. This study tested the hypothesis that empagliflozin (EMPA), a highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor, improves mitochondrial function and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) while enhancing cardiac performance through direct effects on the heart in a non-diabetic mouse model of HF induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). EMPA or vehicle was administered orally for 4 weeks starting 2 weeks post-TAC. EMPA treatment did not alter blood glucose or body weight but significantly attenuated TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in failing hearts was significantly improved by EMPA. EMPA treatment also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and restored normal mitochondria morphology. Although TAC increased mitochondrial ROS and decreased endogenous antioxidants, EMPA markedly inhibited cardiac ROS production and upregulated expression of endogenous antioxidants. In addition, EMPA enhanced autophagy and decreased cardiac apoptosis in TAC-induced HF. Importantly, mitochondrial respiration significantly increased in ex vivo cardiac fibers after direct treatment with EMPA. Our results indicate that EMPA has direct effects on the heart, independently of reductions in blood glucose, to enhance mitochondrial function by upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing OXPHOS, reducing ROS production, attenuating apoptosis, and increasing autophagy to improve overall cardiac function in a non-diabetic model of pressure overload-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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11
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Wang Z, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Fu Y, Jaynes LT, Sears J, Li X, Mouton AJ, Omoto ACM, Xu BP, Hall JE. Transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6) deficiency leads to increased body weight and metabolic dysfunction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R81-R97. [PMID: 35537100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00097.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TRPC6, a member of the TRPC family, is expressed in the hypothalamus and modulates cell Ca2+ influx. However, the role of TRPC6 in controlling metabolic and cardiovascular functions under normal conditions has not been previously determined. Thus, the impacts of TRPC6 deletion on energy balance, metabolic and cardiovascular regulation as well as the anorexic responses to leptin and melanocortin 3/4 receptor (MC3/4R) activation were investigated in this study. Extensive cardiometabolic phenotyping was conducted in male and female TRPC6 knock out (KO) and control mice from 6 to 24 weeks of age to assess mechanisms by which TRPC6 influences regulation of energy balance and blood pressure (BP). We found that TRPC6 KO mice are heavier with greater adiposity, hyperphagic, and have reduced energy expenditure, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and increased liver fat compared to controls. TRPC6 KO mice also have smaller brains, reduced POMC mRNA levels in the hypothalamus, and impaired anorexic response to leptin but not to MC3/4R activation. BP and heart rate, assessed by telemetry, were similar in TRPC6 KO and control mice, and BP responses to air-jet stress were attenuated in TRPC6 KO mice despite increased body weight and metabolic disorders that normally raise BP and increase BP responses to stress. Our results provide evidence for a novel and important role of TRPC6 in controlling energy balance, adiposity, and glucose homeostasis, which suggests that normal TRPC6 function may be necessary to link weight gain and hyperleptinemia with BP responses to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Yiling Fu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lance T Jaynes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jaylan Sears
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Brittney P Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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12
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da Silva AA, Moak SP, Dai X, Borges GC, Omoto ACM, Wang Z, Li X, Mouton AJ, Hall JE, do Carmo JM. Parental obesity alters offspring blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular responses to stress: role of P2X7R and sex differences. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R421-R433. [PMID: 35318854 PMCID: PMC9018009 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00300.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the impact of parental obesity on offspring blood pressure (BP) regulation and cardiovascular responses to stress. Offspring from normal (N) diet-fed C57BL/6J parents were fed either N (NN) or a high-fat (H) diet (NH) from weaning until adulthood. Offspring from obese H diet-fed parents were also fed N (HN) or H diet (HH). Body weight, calorie intake, and fat mass were measured at 22 wk of age when cardiovascular phenotyping was performed. Male and female HH offspring were 15% heavier than NH and 70% heavier than NN offspring. Male HH and HN offspring had elevated BP (121 ± 2 and 115 ± 1 mmHg, by telemetry) compared with male NH and NN offspring (108 ± 6 and 107 ± 3 mmHg, respectively) and augmented BP responses to angiotensin II, losartan, and hexamethonium. Male HH and HN offspring also showed increased BP responses to air-jet stress (37 ± 2 and 38 ± 2 mmHg) compared with only 24 ± 3 and 25 ± 3 mmHg in NH and NN offspring. Baseline heart rate (HR) and HR responses to air-jet stress were similar among groups. In females, BP and cardiovascular responses to stress were similar among all offspring. Male H diet-fed offspring from obese H diet-fed purinoreceptor 7-deficient (HH-P2X7R-KO) parents had normal BP that was similar to control NN-P2X7R-KO offspring from lean parents. These results indicate that parental obesity leads to increased BP and augmented BP responses to stress in their offspring in a sex-dependent manner, and the impact of parental obesity on male offspring BP regulation is markedly attenuated in P2X7R-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sydney P Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gisele C Borges
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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13
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do Carmo JM, Omoto ACM, Dai X, Moak SP, Mega GS, Li X, Wang Z, Mouton AJ, Hall JE, da Silva AA. Sex differences in the impact of parental obesity on offspring cardiac SIRT3 expression, mitochondrial efficiency, and diastolic function early in life. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H485-H495. [PMID: 34296964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00176.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that parental obesity may adversely impact long-term metabolic health of the offspring. We tested the hypothesis that parental (paternal + maternal) obesity impairs cardiac function in the offspring early in life. Within 1-3 days after weaning, offspring from obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD-Offs) and age-matched offspring from lean rats (ND-Offs) were submitted to echocardiography and cardiac catheterization for assessment of pressure-volume relationships. Then, hearts were digested and isolated cardiomyocytes were used to determine contractile function, calcium transients, proteins related to calcium signaling, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Female and male HFD-Offs were heavier (72 ± 2 and 61 ± 4 g vs. 57 ± 2 and 49 ± 1 g), hyperglycemic (112 ± 8 and 115 ± 12 mg/dL vs. 92 ± 10 and 96 ± 8 mg/dL) with higher plasma insulin and leptin concentrations compared with female and male ND-Offs. When compared with male controls, male HFD-Offs exhibited similar systolic function but impaired diastolic function as indicated by increased IVRT (22 ± 1 vs. 17 ± 1 ms), E/E' ratio (29 ± 2 vs. 23 ± 1), and tau (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.2). The impaired diastolic function was associated with reduced resting free Ca2+ levels and phospholamban protein expression, increased activated matrix metalloproteinase 2, and reduced SIRT3 protein expression, mitochondrial ATP reserve, and ATP-linked respiration. These results indicate that male and female Offs from obese parents have multiple metabolic abnormalities early in life (1-3 days after weaning) and that male, but not female, Offs have impaired diastolic function as well as reductions in cardiac SIRT3, resting free Ca2+ levels, and mitochondrial biogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Parental obesity contributes to diastolic dysfunction in young offspring (1-3 days after weaning) in a sex-dependent manner, as well as reduced cardiac SIRT3 expression and altered mitochondrial bioenergetics, resting Ca2+ levels, and reduced phospholamban protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Sydney P Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gabriela S Mega
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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14
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Mouton AJ, Flynn ER, Moak SP, Aitken NM, Omoto ACM, Li X, da Silva AA, Wang Z, do Carmo JM, Hall JE. Dimethyl fumarate preserves left ventricular infarct integrity following myocardial infarction via modulation of cardiac macrophage and fibroblast oxidative metabolism. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:38-48. [PMID: 34023353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and cardiovascular disease worldwide. MI is characterized by a substantial inflammatory response in the infarcted left ventricle (LV), followed by transition of quiescent fibroblasts to active myofibroblasts, which deposit collagen to form the reparative scar. Metabolic shifting between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an important mechanism by which these cell types transition towards reparative phenotypes. Thus, we hypothesized that dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a clinically approved anti-inflammatory agent with metabolic actions, would improve post-MI remodeling via modulation of macrophage and fibroblast metabolism. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were treated with DMF (10 mg/kg) for 3-7 days after MI. DMF attenuated LV infarct and non-infarct wall thinning at 3 and 7 days post-MI, and decreased LV dilation and pulmonary congestion at day 7. DMF improved LV infarct collagen deposition, myofibroblast activation, and angiogenesis at day 7. DMF also decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (Tnf) 3 days after MI, and decreased inflammatory markers in macrophages isolated from the infarcted heart (Hif1a, Il1b). In fibroblasts extracted from the infarcted heart at day 3, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that DMF promoted an anti-inflammatory/pro-reparative phenotype. By Seahorse analysis, DMF did not affect glycolysis in either macrophages or fibroblasts at day 3, but enhanced macrophage OXPHOS while impairing fibroblast OXPHOS. Our results indicate that DMF differentially affects macrophage and fibroblast metabolism, and promotes anti-inflammatory/pro-reparative actions. In conclusion, targeting cellular metabolism in the infarcted heart may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Sydney P Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Nikaela M Aitken
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America; Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, United States of America
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15
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Li X, Lu Q, Qiu Y, do Carmo JM, Wang Z, da Silva AA, Mouton A, Omoto ACM, Hall ME, Li J, Hall JE. Direct Cardiac Actions of the Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Improve Myocardial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Attenuate Pressure-Overload Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018298. [PMID: 33719499 PMCID: PMC8174202 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background We determined if the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin attenuates pressure overload-induced heart failure in non-diabetic mellitus mice by direct cardiac effects and the mechanisms involved. Methods and Results Male C57BL/6J mice (4-6 months of age) were subjected to sham surgeries or transverse aortic constriction to produce cardiac pressure overload. Two weeks after transverse aortic constriction, empagliflozin (10 mg/kg per day) or vehicle was administered daily for 4 weeks. Empagliflozin increased survival rate and significantly attenuated adverse left ventricle remodeling and cardiac fibrosis after transverse aortic constriction. Empagliflozin also attenuated left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, evaluated by echocardiography, and increased exercise endurance by 36% in mice with transverse aortic constriction-induced heart failure. Empagliflozin significantly increased glucose and fatty acid oxidation in failing hearts, while reducing glycolysis. These beneficial cardiac effects of empagliflozin occurred despite no significant changes in fasting blood glucose, body weight, or daily urine volume. In vitro experiments in isolated cardiomyocytes indicated that empagliflozin had direct effects to improve cardiomyocyte contractility and calcium transients. Importantly, molecular docking analysis and isolated perfused heart experiments indicated that empagliflozin can bind cardiac glucose transporters to reduce glycolysis, restore activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibit activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that empagliflozin may directly bind glucose transporters to reduce glycolysis, rebalance coupling between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and regulate the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway to attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling and progression of heart failure induced by pressure-overload in non-diabetic mellitus mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Qingguo Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yunguang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Alan Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery University of South Florida Tampa FL
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Mississippi Center for Obesity ResearchMississippi Center for Heart ResearchUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
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16
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Gava FN, da Silva AA, Dai X, Harmancey R, Ashraf S, Omoto ACM, Salgado MC, Moak SP, Li X, Hall JE, do Carmo JM. Restoration of Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Long-Term Activation of the CNS Leptin-Melanocortin System. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:55-70. [PMID: 33532666 PMCID: PMC7838051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leptin protects against progression to heart failure after myocardial infarction. This beneficial effect requires activation of the brain melanocortin system. Stimulation of brain MC4R recapitulates the cardiac protective effects of leptin. Leptin-MC4R activation improves cardiac substrate oxidation and mitochondrial function. It also improves Ca2+ coupling and contractile function in viable cardiomyocytes after MI.
Heart failure has a high mortality rate, and current therapies offer limited benefits. The authors demonstrate that activation of the central nervous system leptin-melanocortin pathway confers remarkable protection against progressive heart failure following severe myocardial infarction. The beneficial cardiac-protective actions of leptin require activation of brain melanocortin-4 receptors and elicit improvements in cardiac substrate oxidation, cardiomyocyte contractility, Ca2+ coupling, and mitochondrial efficiency. These findings highlight a potentially novel therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction and heart failure.
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Key Words
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase
- BP, blood pressure
- CNS, central nervous system
- HF, heart failure
- HR, heart rate
- ICV, intracerebroventricular
- LV, left ventricular
- MC4R
- MC4R, melanocortin-4 receptor
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MTII, melanotan II
- appetite
- blood pressure
- cardiac metabolism
- heart failure
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio N Gava
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinics, Londrina State University, Parana, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sadia Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus C Salgado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Centro Universitário Barão de Mauá, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sydney P Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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17
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Hall JE, Mouton AJ, da Silva AA, Omoto ACM, Wang Z, Li X, do Carmo JM. Obesity, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation: interactions in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1859-1876. [PMID: 33258945 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes 65-75% of the risk for human primary (essential) hypertension (HT) which is a major driver of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Kidney dysfunction, associated with increased renal sodium reabsorption and compensatory glomerular hyperfiltration, plays a key role in initiating obesity-HT and target organ injury. Mediators of kidney dysfunction and increased blood pressure include (i) elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA); (ii) increased antinatriuretic hormones such as angiotensin II and aldosterone; (iii) relative deficiency of natriuretic hormones; (iv) renal compression by fat in and around the kidneys; and (v) activation of innate and adaptive immune cells that invade tissues throughout the body, producing inflammatory cytokines/chemokines that contribute to vascular and target organ injury, and exacerbate HT. These neurohormonal, renal, and inflammatory mechanisms of obesity-HT are interdependent. For example, excess adiposity increases the adipocyte-derived cytokine leptin which increases RSNA by stimulating the central nervous system proopiomelanocortin-melanocortin 4 receptor pathway. Excess visceral, perirenal and renal sinus fat compress the kidneys which, along with increased RSNA, contribute to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, although obesity may also activate mineralocorticoid receptors independent of aldosterone. Prolonged obesity, HT, metabolic abnormalities, and inflammation cause progressive renal injury, making HT more resistant to therapy and often requiring multiple antihypertensive drugs and concurrent treatment of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation. More effective anti-obesity drugs are needed to prevent the cascade of cardiorenal, metabolic, and immune disorders that threaten to overwhelm health care systems as obesity prevalence continues to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Hall
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.,Mississippi Center for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA
| | - Ana C M Omoto
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.,Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA
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