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Sinhorin GH, Carneiro ACG, Farias BES, de Almeida P, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Melchior LAK, Brilhante AF. Intestinal parasite infections associated with sociodemographic and seasonal factors in the Western Amazon. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:419-423. [PMID: 36416950 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal parasites are a constant public health problem in the Amazon region, with a high prevalence of cases related to poor sanitary conditions. We investigated the sociodemographic and seasonal factors associated with human intestinal parasite infections in an area of the Western Amazon, Brazil, from September 2017 to August 2019. Data were collected using a database available at the Diagnostic Support Centre (Centro de Apoio ao Diagnóstico, CAD) of the Municipality of Rio Branco, on positive diagnoses for intestinal parasites. Among the 53,200 samples analysed, 18.3% (n = 9712) were positive. Of these, 96.4% (n = 9363) and 3.6% (n = 349) were protozoan and helminthic infections, respectively. Males showed higher odds ratio (OR) for Enterobius vermicularis infection (OR: 2.3) and giardiasis (OR: 1.9) and lower OR for Endolimax nana (OR: 0.9) and Entamoeba coli (OR: 0.9) infections. Individuals aged ≥ 15 presented higher OR for Strongyloides stercoralis (OR: 3.4), hookworms (OR: 2.3), and almost all protozoan infections than younger individuals. In the dry season, the OR for hookworms (OR: 1.5), Iodamoeba butschlii (OR: 1.4), and Endolimax nana (OR: 1.3) infections was higher than that in the rainy season, including a high chance of polyparasitism (OR: 1.6). We concluded that there was a significant difference between the different types of intestinal parasites, particularly protozoa, with high OR in the dry season and for certain groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrícia de Almeida
- Center for Health and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
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Carneiro ACG, de Souza EA, Barroso EP, de Ávila MM, Melchior LAK, Rocha RDC, Shimabukuro PHF, Galati EAB, Brilhante AF. Phlebotomine Fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and Infection by Leishmania spp. in Forest Fragments of a University Campus, Western Amazon. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:218-223. [PMID: 36305744 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forest fragments consist of important ecosystems for the maintenance of sand fly populations and Leishmania hosts. This study sought to identify the phlebotomine fauna and its infection by Leishmania spp. in forest fragments on the campus of the Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Western Amazon. Monthly collections with CDC traps were carried out from March 2020 to June 2021, in four forest fragments of UFAC. Male and female insects were processed and identified at species level. A sample of females was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to verify the presence Leishmania DNA. In total, 465 specimens were collected, of which 238 were males and 227 were females. The most frequent species were Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939) (47.3%), Trichophoromyia sp. (Mangabeira, 1942) (18.70%), and Ny. whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (8.81%). Molecular analysis detected the presence of Leishmania (Ross, 1903) DNA in a specimen of Ny. antunesi, and another one of Evandromyia walker (Newstead, 1914). The forest fragments of the university campus harbor a diverse sand fly fauna with the presence of Leishmania DNA in these insects, in addition to the presence of other species considered incriminated vectors of Leishmania parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Gomes Carneiro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, 69920-900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alcici de Souza
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, 69920-900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Pereira Barroso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde na Amazônia Ocidental, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, 69920-900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Augusto Kohara Melchior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde na Amazônia Ocidental, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, 69920-900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo da Costa Rocha
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, 69920-900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Brazil
- Coleção de Flebotomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715 - Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Fernandes Brilhante
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, 69920-900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde na Amazônia Ocidental, Universidade Federal do Acre, BR 364, KM02, Distrito Industrial, 69920-900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
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Brilhante AF, Zampieri RA, de Souza EA, Carneiro ACG, Barroso EP, de Ávila MM, Melchior LAK, de Souza JL, de Oliveira ES, Pinto MCG, Floeter-Winter LM, Galati EAB. Preliminary observations of the urbanization and domiciliation of the American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Rio Branco, Acre, Western Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:S0037-86822022000100632. [PMID: 36542015 PMCID: PMC9757714 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0359-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is expanding in peri-urban environments. METHODS An entomological survey was conducted in the area of the occurrence of an autochthonous urban case of ACL. Sandflies and a parasitological slide of the human case were submitted for molecular diagnosis. RESULTS Nyssomyia whitmani and Ny. antunesi were the most frequently collected species. Ny. whitmani and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata were positive for Leishmania guyanensis and L. lainsoni, respectively. The human case tested positive for L. lainsoni. CONCLUSIONS Sandflies and Leishmania parasites present in urban forest may occur frequently in nearby domiciliary environments; thus, these areas must be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Alcici de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Janis Lunier de Souza
- Prefeitura Municipal de Rio Branco, Divisão de Entomologia e Bloqueio Químico, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Carmelinda Gonçalves Pinto
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental, Núcleo de Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
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