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Lopes RM, Souza ACS, Otręba M, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Tersariol ILS, Rodrigues T. Targeting autophagy by antipsychotic phenothiazines: potential drug repurposing for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116075. [PMID: 38395266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is recognized as the major cause of death worldwide and the most challenging public health issues. Tumor cells exhibit molecular adaptations and metabolic reprograming to sustain their high proliferative rate and autophagy plays a pivotal role to supply the high demand for metabolic substrates and for recycling cellular components, which has attracted the attention of the researchers. The modulation of the autophagic process sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death and reverts drug resistance. In this regard, many in vitro and in vivo studies having shown the anticancer activity of phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives due to their potent cytotoxicity in tumor cells. Interestingly, PTZ have been used as antiemetics in antitumor chemotherapy-induced vomiting, maybe exerting a combined antitumor effect. Among the mechanisms of cytotoxicity, the modulation of autophagy by these drugs has been highlighted. Therefore, the use of PTZ derivatives can be considered as a repurposing strategy in antitumor chemotherapy. Here, we provided an overview of the effects of antipsychotic PTZ on autophagy in tumor cells, evidencing the molecular targets and discussing the underlying mechanisms. The modulation of autophagy by PTZ in tumor cells have been consistently related to their cytotoxic action. These effects depend on the derivative, their concentration, and also the type of cancer. Most data have shown the impairment of autophagic flux by PTZ, probably due to the blockade of lysosome-autophagosome fusion, but some studies have also suggested the induction of autophagy. These data highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy by PTZ in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa M Lopes
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina S Souza
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ivarne L S Tersariol
- Departament of Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
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Borges R, Zambanini T, Pelosine AM, Justo GZ, Souza ACS, Machado J, Schneider JF, de Araujo DR, Marchi J. A colloidal hydrogel-based drug delivery system overcomes the limitation of combining bisphosphonates with bioactive glasses: in vitro evidence of a potential selective bone cancer treatment allied with bone regeneration. Biomater Adv 2023; 151:213441. [PMID: 37167747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that induce bone cancer cell death and favor bone regeneration, making them suitable for bone cancer treatment. However, when combined with bioactive glasses to enhance bone regeneration, a chemical bond between biphosphonates and the glass surface inactivates their mechanism of action. A new colloidal hydrogel-based drug delivery system could overcome that limitation once bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid (ZA), are incorporated into hydrogel micelles, avoiding their interaction with the glass surface. In this work, we proposed formulations based on a poloxamer 407 thermo-responsive hydrogel matrix containing holmium-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles and different concentrations (0.05 and 5 mg/mL) of ZA. We characterized the influence of the glass and the ZA on the hydrogel properties. In addition, a drug concentration screening was performed, and biological characterizations evaluated the best result. The biological characterization consisted of evaluating cytotoxicity and in vitro bone regeneration ability through cell migration and quantification of genes related to osteogeneses through RT-PCR. The results suggest that the addition of glasses and ZA to the poloxamer did not significantly influence the sol-gel transition of the hydrogels (around 13 °C) regardless of the ZA content. However, the ZA at high concentration (PL-ZA100) decreased the enthalpy of gel formation from 68 to 43 kJ.mol-1 when compared with the pure hydrogel formulation (PL), suggesting a water structurer role of ZA, which is withdrawn when glass particles are added to the system (PL-BG5Ho-ZA100). Solid-state 31P nuclear resonance spectroscopy results showed that part of the ZA is chemically bonded to the glass surface, which explains the withdrawal in the water structurer role of ZA when the glasses were incorporated into the hydrogel. Besides, based on the drug release results, we proposed a model where part of the ZA is "free," encapsulated in the hydrogel matrix, while another part of the ZA is bonded to the glass surface. Finally, considering the in vitro results and our proposed model, the ratio between "free" and "bonded" ZA in our drug delivery systems showed in vitro evidence of a cancer treatment that selectively kills osteosarcoma cells while still favoring an osteogenic microenvironment. By overcoming the limitation of combining bisphosphonates with bioactive glasses, hydrogel-based drug delivery systems can be a solution for the development of new formulations proposed for bone cancer treatment in conjunction with bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Borges
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma Zambanini
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Agatha Maria Pelosine
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Joel Machado
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Jose Fabian Schneider
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Daniele R de Araujo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marchi
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil.
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Oliveira LP, Perea C, Baldi C, Prata RF, Renó DL, Lima LP, Curvello R, Souza ACS. Abstract 886: Metformin effect on multidrug resistant leukemia cells: metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Besides the progress in studies of cancer, the rates of morbidity and mortality due to this disease still considerably elevated. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological neoplasm, therefore chemotherapy is the main therapeutic approach used, however most patients develop resistance to chemotherapy. Several factors contribute to this scenario, among them the lack of selective treatment, the emergence of tumor cells resistant to the wide variety of cytotoxic agents during treatment and the formation of metastases, which accounts for the majority of cancer deaths. Therefore, application of new drugs in antitumor therapies has been constantly studied. Studies have shown that metformin, an oral euglycemic used in the treatment of type II diabetes, has potential use in the treatment of cancer, potentializing the effects of standard chemotherapy used in treatment. In this work the effects of metformin on the metastatic capacity of K562 (non-resistant leukemic cell), Lucena and FEPS (leukemic cells resistant to multiple drugs) were evaluated through the study of MMP2 and MMP9 metalloproteinases, enzymes essential for the metastatic process. Thus, the present project aimed to evaluate the gene expression and enzymatic activity of MMP2 and MMP9 metalloproteinases in CML cells, before and after treatment with metformin, seeking to verify the effects of metformin on the expression and activity of these enzymes. Gene expression was evaluated using quantitative PCR and the quantification of enzymatic activity was performed by the substrate degradation using the zymography method. The results showed that metformin has the potential to modulate the expression and activity of the studied metalloproteinases.
Citation Format: Ligia P. Oliveira, Camila Perea, Caroline Baldi, Rodrigo F. Prata, Débora L. Renó, Luana P. Lima, Rodrigo Curvello, Ana Carolina S. Souza. Metformin effect on multidrug resistant leukemia cells: metalloproteinases 2 and 9 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 886.
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Silva RA, Palladino MV, Cavalheiro RP, Machado D, Cruz BLG, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Gomes-Marcondes MCC, Zambuzzi WF, Vasques L, Nader HB, Souza ACS, Justo GZ. Activation of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase in keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119020. [PMID: 25781955 PMCID: PMC4363792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we provide new contribution to the mechanisms involved in keratinocytes response to hyperosmotic shock showing, for the first time, the participation of Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMWPTP) activity in this event. We reported that sorbitol-induced osmotic stress mediates alterations in the phosphorylation of pivotal cytoskeletal proteins, particularly Src and cofilin. Furthermore, an increase in the expression of the phosphorylated form of LMWPTP, which was followed by an augment in its catalytic activity, was observed. Of particular importance, these responses occurred in an intracellular milieu characterized by elevated levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Altogether, our results suggest that hyperosmostic stress provides a favorable cellular environment to the activation of LMWPTP, which is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of GSH and inhibition of Src kinase. Finally, the real contribution of LMWPTP in the hyperosmotic stress response of keratinocytes was demonstrated through analysis of the effects of ACP1 gene knockdown in stressed and non-stressed cells. LMWPTP knockdown attenuates the effects of sorbitol induced-stress in HaCaT cells, mainly in the status of Src kinase, Rac and STAT5 phosphorylation and activity. These results describe for the first time the participation of LMWPTP in the dynamics of cytoskeleton rearrangement during exposure of human keratinocytes to hyperosmotic shock, which may contribute to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelly V. Palladino
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan P. Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daisy Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bread L. G. Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. C. Gomes-Marcondes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Vasques
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S. Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z. Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo) and Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Campus Diadema), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ferreira PA, Ruela-de-Sousa RR, Queiroz KCS, Souza ACS, Milani R, Pilli RA, Peppelenbosch MP, den Hertog J, Ferreira CV. Knocking down low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) reverts chemoresistance through inactivation of Src and Bcr-Abl proteins. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44312. [PMID: 22957062 PMCID: PMC3434132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) limits the efficacy of continuous chemotherapeutic treatment in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP) is up-regulated in several cancers and has been associated to poor prognosis. This prompted us to investigate the involvement of LMW-PTP in MDR. In this study, we investigated the role of LMW-PTP in a chemoresistant CML cell line, Lucena-1. Our results showed that LMW-PTP is highly expressed and 7-fold more active in Lucena-1 cells compared to K562 cells, the non-resistant cell line. Knocking down LMW-PTP in Lucena-1 cells reverted chemoresistance to vincristine and imatinib mesylate, followed by a decrease of Src and Bcr-Abl phosphorylation at the activating sites, inactivating both kinases. On the other hand, overexpression of LMW-PTP in K562 cells led to chemoresistance to vincristine. Our findings describe, for the first time, that LMW-PTP cooperates with MDR phenotype, at least in part, through maintaining Src and Bcr-Abl kinases in more active statuses. These findings suggest that inhibition of LMW-PTP may be a useful strategy for the development of therapies for multidrug resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Signal Transduction, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta R. Ruela-de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Signal Transduction, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Experimental Molecular and Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karla C. S. Queiroz
- Center for Experimental Molecular and Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renato Milani
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Signal Transduction, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen V. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Signal Transduction, Biochemistry Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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