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Orlińska K, Ramos P, Komosińska-Vassev K, Olczyk K, Stojko J, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Ivanova D, Olczyk P, Pilawa B. Application of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine free radicals formed in indapamide and torasemide storage under UV irradiation and at the higher temperatures which appear under light exposition. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116057. [PMID: 38422674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Free radical formation in two diuretics: indapamide and torasemide was examined during UV irradiation and storage at higher temperatures using X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of storing indapamide and torasemide under UV irradiation and at higher temperatures, which may occur during exposure to light. The diuretic samples were exposed to UVA irradiation for 15, 30 and 45 minutes, and stored at temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C by 30 minutes. The EPR spectra were analyzed to determine the amplitudes (A), linewidths (ΔBpp), and integral intensities (I) and g factors. The concentrations of free radical (N) in the diuretic samples were also determined. The influence of microwave power on amplitudes, linewidths and the asymmetry parameter were evaluated. The result showed that the tested indapamide and torasemide samples exhibited high free radical concentrations in the range of 1018-1019 spin/g after UV irradiation and heat treatment. Therefore, due to the significant free radical formation indapamide and torasemide should not be stored under UV light and at temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C. The complex character of free radical systems in the diuretic samples was proved as evidenced by the changes of the asymmetry parameters of the EPR lines with increasing microwave power. Fast spin-lattice relaxation processes were observed in all tested diuretic samples, regardless of the storage conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is proposed as a useful method in pharmacy to determine the appropriate storage conditions for diuretics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Orlińska
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, Sosnowiec 41-205, Poland.
| | - Paweł Ramos
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Professor Marin Drinov 55, Varna 9002, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Professor Marin Drinov 55, Varna 9002, Bulgaria
| | - Paweł Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, Sosnowiec 41-205, Poland
| | - Barbara Pilawa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
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2
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Lopes RM, Souza ACS, Otręba M, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Tersariol ILS, Rodrigues T. Targeting autophagy by antipsychotic phenothiazines: potential drug repurposing for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116075. [PMID: 38395266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is recognized as the major cause of death worldwide and the most challenging public health issues. Tumor cells exhibit molecular adaptations and metabolic reprograming to sustain their high proliferative rate and autophagy plays a pivotal role to supply the high demand for metabolic substrates and for recycling cellular components, which has attracted the attention of the researchers. The modulation of the autophagic process sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death and reverts drug resistance. In this regard, many in vitro and in vivo studies having shown the anticancer activity of phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives due to their potent cytotoxicity in tumor cells. Interestingly, PTZ have been used as antiemetics in antitumor chemotherapy-induced vomiting, maybe exerting a combined antitumor effect. Among the mechanisms of cytotoxicity, the modulation of autophagy by these drugs has been highlighted. Therefore, the use of PTZ derivatives can be considered as a repurposing strategy in antitumor chemotherapy. Here, we provided an overview of the effects of antipsychotic PTZ on autophagy in tumor cells, evidencing the molecular targets and discussing the underlying mechanisms. The modulation of autophagy by PTZ in tumor cells have been consistently related to their cytotoxic action. These effects depend on the derivative, their concentration, and also the type of cancer. Most data have shown the impairment of autophagic flux by PTZ, probably due to the blockade of lysosome-autophagosome fusion, but some studies have also suggested the induction of autophagy. These data highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy by PTZ in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa M Lopes
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina S Souza
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ivarne L S Tersariol
- Departament of Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
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Otręba M, Stojko J, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Phenothiazine derivatives and their impact on the necroptosis and necrosis processes. A review. Toxicology 2023; 492:153528. [PMID: 37127180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The current review focuses on the effect of phenothiazine derivatives, tested in vitro, on necrosis and necroptosis, the latter constitutes one of the kinds of programmed cell death. Necroptosis is a necrotic and inflammatory type of programmed cell death. Phenothiazines are D1 and D2-like family receptor antagonists, which are used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Necroptosis begins from TNF-α, whose synthesis is stimulated by dopamine receptors, thus it can be concluded that phenothiazine derivatives may modulate necroptosis. We identified 19 papers reporting in vitro assays of necroptosis and necrosis in which phenothiazine derivatives, and both normal and cancer cell lines were used. Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, levomepromazine, perphenazine, promethazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, and novel derivatives can modulate necroptosis and necrosis. The type of a drug, concentration and a cell line have an impact on the ultimate effect. Unfortunately, the authors confirmed both processes on the basis of TNF-α and ATP levels as well as the final steps of necrosis/necroptosis related to membrane permeability (PI staining, LDH release, and HMGB1 amount), which makes it impossible to understand the complete mechanism of phenothiazines impact on necroptosis and necrosis. Studies analyzing the effect of phenothiazines on RIPK1, RIPK3, or MLKL has not been performed yet. Only the analysis of the expression of those proteins as well as necrosis and necroptosis inhibitors can help us to comprehend how phenothiazine derivatives act, and how to improve their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogorska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Otręba M, Stojko J, Rzepecka-Stojko A. The role of phenothiazine derivatives in autophagy regulation: A systematic review. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:474-489. [PMID: 36165981 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarized the current literature on the impact of phenothiazine derivatives on autophagy in vitro. Phenothiazines are antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia, which is related to altered neurotransmission and dysregulation of neuronal autophagy. Thus, phenothiazine derivatives can impact autophagy. We identified 35 papers, where the use of the phenothiazines in the in vitro autophagy assays on normal and cancer cell lines, Caenorhabditis elegans, and zebrafish were discussed. Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, mepazine, methotrimeprazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, and novel derivatives can modulate autophagy. Stimulation of autophagy by phenothiazines may be either mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent or mTOR-independent. The final effect depends on the used concentration as well as the cell line. A further investigation of the mechanisms of autophagy regulation by phenothiazine derivatives is required to understand the biological actions and to increase the therapeutic potential of this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Kurek-Górecka A, Keskin Ş, Bobis O, Felitti R, Górecki M, Otręba M, Stojko J, Olczyk P, Kolayli S, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Comparison of the Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Samples from Different Geographical Regions. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1203. [PMID: 35567206 PMCID: PMC9104821 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Propolis composition depends on several factors. The classification of propolis is based on its geographical location, color and agricultural characteristics. It is also classified according to the flora where the bees collect the resins, which represent the raw material for propolis production. Propolis possesses high antioxidant activity determined by its phenolic compounds. Due to diverse composition and possible impact on human health, eight samples of propolis were evaluated for their phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. Samples of Polish, Romanian, Turkish and Uruguayan origin propolis were used for phenolic spectrum determination using high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection and in vitro DPPH and ABTS methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracts. PCA and HCA models were applied to evaluate the correlation between isolated polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The results confirmed variability in propolis composition depending on the geographical region of collection and the plant sources, and correlation between chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Results of PCA and HCA analyses confirm that Polish propolis is similar to that from different provinces of Romania, while Turkish and Uruguay are completely different. Polish and Romanian propolis belong to the poplar type. The assessed phenolic compounds of propolis samples used in the study are responsible for its antioxidant effect. The observed antioxidant activity of the analyzed samples may suggest directing subsequent research on prophylactic and therapeutic properties concerning cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cancerous diseases, which are worth continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kurek-Górecka
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Şaban Keskin
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11106 Bilecik, Turkey;
| | - Otilia Bobis
- Life Science Institute, Apiculture and Sericulture Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rafael Felitti
- Oral Rehabilitation and Prosthodontics, Private Practice, Felix Olmedo 3716, Montevideo 11700, Uruguay;
| | - Michał Górecki
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.G.); (M.O.); (A.R.-S.)
| | - Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.G.); (M.O.); (A.R.-S.)
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxycology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Paweł Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Sevgi Kolayli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey;
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.G.); (M.O.); (A.R.-S.)
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Otręba M, Kośmider L, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Polyphenols' Cardioprotective Potential: Review of Rat Fibroblasts as Well as Rat and Human Cardiomyocyte Cell Lines Research. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040774. [PMID: 33546142 PMCID: PMC7913231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 31% of global deaths. A reduction in mortality can be achieved by promoting a healthy lifestyle, developing prevention strategies, and developing new therapies. Polyphenols are present in food and drinks such as tea, cocoa, fruits, berries, and vegetables. These compounds have strong antioxidative properties, which might have a cardioprotective effect. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential of polyphenols in cardioprotective use based on in vitro human and rat cardiomyocytes as well as fibroblast research. Based on the papers discussed in this review, polyphenols have the potential for cardioprotective use due to their multilevel points of action which include, among others, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, and vasodilatory. Polyphenols may have potential use in new and effective preventions or therapies for cardiovascular diseases, yet more clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-364-11-80
| | - Leon Kośmider
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Otręba M, Kośmider L, Stojko J, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Cardioprotective Activity of Selected Polyphenols Based on Epithelial and Aortic Cell Lines. A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225343. [PMID: 33207683 PMCID: PMC7698279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have recently gained popularity among the general public as products and diets classified as healthy and containing naturally occurring phenols. Many polyphenolic extracts are available on the market as dietary supplements, functional foods, or cosmetics, taking advantage of clients' desire to live a healthier and longer life. However, due to the difficulty of discovering the in vivo functions of polyphenols, most of the research focuses on in vitro studies. In this review, we focused on the cardioprotective activity of different polyphenols as possible candidates for use in cardiovascular disease therapy and for improving the quality of life of patients. Thus, the studies, which were mainly based on endothelial cells, aortic cells, and some in vivo studies, were analyzed. Based on the reviewed articles, polyphenols have a few points of action, including inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, decrease in reactive oxygen species production and endothelial tube formation, stimulation of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived mediator release, and others, which lead to their cardio- and/or vasoprotective effects on endothelial cells. The obtained results suggest positive effects of polyphenols, but more long-term in vivo studies demonstrating effects on mechanism of action, sensitivity, and specificity or efficacy are needed before legal health claims can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Leon Kośmider
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogorska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Otręba M, Kośmider L, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Antiviral activity of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, and thioridazine towards RNA-viruses. A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173553. [PMID: 32949606 PMCID: PMC7493736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 the whole world focused on antivirus drugs towards SARS-CoV-2. Most of the researchers focused on drugs used in other viral infections or malaria. We have not seen such mobilization towards one topic in this century. The whole situation makes clear that progress needs to be made in antiviral drug development. The first step to do it is to characterize the potential antiviral activity of new or already existed drugs on the market. Phenothiazines are antipsychotic agents used previously as antiseptics, anthelminthics, and antimalarials. Up to date, they are tested for a number of other disorders including the broad spectrum of viruses. The goal of this paper was to summarize the current literature on activity toward RNA-viruses of such drugs like chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, and thioridazine. We identified 49 papers, where the use of the phenothiazines for 23 viruses from different families were tested. Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, and thioridazine possess anti-viral activity towards different types of viruses. These drugs inhibit clathrin-dependent endocytosis, cell-cell fusion, infection, replication of the virus, decrease viral invasion as well as suppress entry into the host cells. Additionally, since the drugs display activity at nontoxic concentrations they have therapeutic potential for some viruses, still, further research on animal and human subjects are needed in this field to verify cell base research. Phenothiazines possess antiviral activity towards RNA viruses. An antiviral activity can be achieved below toxic serum concentration. Phenothiazines are characterized by multidirectional points of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Jednosci 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Leon Kośmider
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Jednosci 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Kurek-Górecka A, Górecki M, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Balwierz R, Stojko J. Bee Products in Dermatology and Skin Care. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030556. [PMID: 32012913 PMCID: PMC7036894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey, propolis, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, beeswax and bee venom are natural products which have been used in medicine since ancient times. Nowadays, studies indicate that natural bee products can be used for skin treatment and care. Biological properties of these products are related to flavonoids they contain like: chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, galangin, pinocembrin or naringenin. Several pharmacological activities of phenolic acids and flavonoids, and also 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, which is present in royal jelly, have been reported. Royal jelly has multitude of pharmacological activities: antibiotic, antiinflammatory, antiallergenic, tonic and antiaging. Honey, propolis and pollen are used to heal burn wounds, and they possess numerous functional properties such as: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, disinfectant, antifungal and antiviral. Beeswax is used for production of cosmetics and ointments in pharmacy. Due to a large number of biological activities, bee products could be considered as important ingredients in medicines and cosmetics applied to skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kurek-Górecka
- Silesian Academy of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Mickiewicza 29, 40-085 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Górecki
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.G.); (A.R.-S.)
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.G.); (A.R.-S.)
| | - Radosław Balwierz
- Silesian Academy of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Mickiewicza 29, 40-085 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxycology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Kabała-Dzik A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kubina R, Wojtyczka RD, Buszman E, Stojko J. Caffeic Acid Versus Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in the Treatment of Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells: Migration Rate Inhibition. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1247-1259. [PMID: 30246565 PMCID: PMC6247537 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418801521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelium mammary carcinoma is a cancer with a high death rate among women. One factor having a significant impact on metastasis is cell migration. The aim of this study was to compare migration rate inhibition of caffeic acid (CA) and its phenethyl ester (CAPE) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Microscopic evaluation was used to determine the morphology of carcinoma cells, before and after 24-hour treatment with CA and CAPE using a dose of 50 µM. The cytotoxic effect was measured by XTT-NR-SRB assay (tetrazolium hydroxide-neutral red-Sulforhodamine B) for 24-hour and 48-hour periods, using CA and CAPE, with doses of 50 and 100 µM. These doses were used to determine cell migration inhibition using a wound closure assay for 0-hour, 8-hour, 16-hour, and 24-hour periods. Both CA and CAPE treatments displayed cytotoxic activity in a dose- and time-dependent trend. CAPE displayed IC50 values more than twice as low as CA. IC50 values for the XTT assay were as follows: CA was 102.98 µM for 24 hours and 59.12 µM for 48 hours, while CAPE was 56.39 µM for 24 hours and 28.10 µM for 48 hours. For the NR assay: CA was 84.87 µM at 24 hours and 65.05 µM at 48 hours, while CAPE was 69.05 µM at 24 hours and 29.05 µM at 48 hours. For the SRB assay: At 24 hours, CA was 83.47 µM and 53.46 µM at 48 hours, while CAPE was 38.53 µM at 24 hours and 20.15 µM at 48 hours. Both polyphenols induced migration inhibition, resulting in practically halting the wound closure. CAPE produced better results than CA with the same doses and experiment times, though both CA and CAPE displayed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells, as well as inhibited migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kabała-Dzik
- 1 Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- 1 Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Robert Kubina
- 1 Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Robert Dariusz Wojtyczka
- 1 Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Buszman
- 1 Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- 1 Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Poland
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Kabała-Dzik A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kubina R, Iriti M, Wojtyczka RD, Buszman E, Stojko J. Flavonoids, bioactive components of propolis, exhibit cytotoxic activity and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 - a comparative study. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:1-10. [PMID: 29981677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality in women. Flavonoids, among other compounds, are bioactive constituents of propolis. In this comparative study, we investigated the effects of flavonoids apigenin (API), genistein (GEN), hesperidin (HES), naringin (NAR) and quercetin (QUE) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of two different human cancer cells - MDA-MB-231, estrogen-negative, and MCF-7, estrogen-positive receptor breast carcinoma cells. Many cytotoxic reports of flavonoids were performed by MTT assay. However, it's reported that MTT is reduced in metabolically active cells and yields an insoluble purple formazan, which indicates that obtained cytotoxic results of flavonoids could be inconsistent. Cell viability was measured by NR, neutral red assay, while the percentage of apoptotic cells and cell cycle arrest were determined by flow cytometry and Muse cell cycle assay, respectively. The results showed a high dose-dependent effect in cell viability tests. IC50 values were as follows (MCF-7/MDA-MB-231, for 48 h, in µM): 9.39/50.83 for HES, 25.19/88.17 for API, 40.26/333.51 for NAR, 49.49/47.50 for GEN and 95.12/130.10 for QUE. Flavonoid-induced apoptosis was dose- and time-dependent, for both cancer cell lines, though flavonoids were more active on MCF-7 cells. The flavonoids also induced cell cycle arrest in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Milan State University, Via G. Celoria 2 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Robert D Wojtyczka
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Buszman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Kabała-Dzik A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kubina R, Iriti M, Wojtyczka RD, Buszman E, Stojko J. Flavonoids, bioactive components of propolis, exhibit cytotoxic activity and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 – a comparative study. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2018.64.8.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kabała-Dzik A, Kubina R, Jasik K, Kajor M, Wrześniok D, Stojko J. Protective Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Bee Pollen in a High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040805. [PMID: 29614743 PMCID: PMC6017657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied a preventive effect of polyphenol-rich bee pollen ethanol extract (EEP) against histological changes in the liver and cardiac blood vessels, abnormalities of lipid profile, and the levels of oxidized low density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II (ANG II) caused by a high-fat diet in C57BL6 mice. Supplementing the diet with EEP in the doses of 0.1 g/kg body mass (BM) and 1 g/kg BM resulted in a decrease of total cholesterol by 31% and 35%, respectively. It also decreased the level of low density lipoproteins by 67% and 90%, respectively. No differences in the levels of high density lipoprotein and triacylglycerols were observed. EEP reduced the level of ox-LDL by 33% and 47%, ADMA by 13% and 51%, ACE by 17% and 30%, as well as ANG II by 11% and 15% in a dose-dependent manner, which proves a protective effect of EEP in a high-fat diet. EEP reduces and/or prevents hepatic steatosis and degenerative changes caused by a high-fat diet in C57BL6 mice, which indicates its hepatoprotective effect. EEP used with standard feed does not disturb a normal concentration of the assayed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Jasik
- Department of Skin Structural Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kajor
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Kabała-Dzik A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kubina R, Jastrzębska-Stojko Ż, Stojko R, Wojtyczka RD, Stojko J. Migration Rate Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cells Treated by Caffeic Acid and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester: An In Vitro Comparison Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101144. [PMID: 29048370 PMCID: PMC5691760 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the deadliest cancers among women is a breast cancer. Research has shown that two natural substances occurring in propolis, caffeic acid (CA) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), have significant anticancer effects. The purpose of our in vitro study was to compare cytotoxic activity and migration rate inhibition using CA and CAPE (doses of 50 and 100 µm) against triple-negative, MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma line cells, drawn from Caucasian women. Viability was measured by XTT-NR-SRB assay (Tetrazolium hydroxide-Neutral Red-Sulforhodamine B) for 24 h and 48 h periods. Cell migration for wound healing assay was taken for 0 h, 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h periods. CAPE displayed more than two times higher cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells. IC50 values for the XTT assay were as follows: CA for 24 h and 48 h were 150.94 µM and 108.42 µM, respectively, while CAPE was 68.82 µM for 24 h and 55.79 µM for 48 h. For the NR assay: CA was 135.85 µM at 24 h and 103.23 µM at 48 h, while CAPE was 64.04 µM at 24 h and 53.25 µM at 48 h. For the SRB assay: CA at 24 h was 139.80 µM and at 48 h 103.98 µM, while CAPE was 66.86 µM at 24 h and 47.73 µM at 48 h. Both agents suspended the migration rate; however, CAPE displayed better activity. Notably, for the 100 µM CAPE dose, motility of the tested breast carcinoma cells was halted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Jastrzębska-Stojko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ceglana 35, 40-514 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Rafał Stojko
- Department of Women Health, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 12, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Robert Dariusz Wojtyczka
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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Kabała-Dzik A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kubina R, Jastrzębska-Stojko Ż, Stojko R, Wojtyczka RD, Stojko J. Comparison of Two Components of Propolis: Caffeic Acid (CA) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest of Breast Cancer Cells MDA-MB-231. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091554. [PMID: 28926932 PMCID: PMC6151426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies show that caffeic acid (CA) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) are compounds with potent chemopreventive effects. Breast cancer is a common form of aggressive cancer among women worldwide. This study shows a comparison of CA and CAPE activity on triple-negative human caucasian breast adenocarcinoma line cells (MDA-MB-231). MDA-MB-231 cells were treated by CA and CAPE with doses of from 10 to 100 µM, for periods of 24 h and 48 h. Cytotoxicity MTT tests, apoptosis by Annexin V, and cell cycle with Dead Cell Assays were performed. Cytotoxic activity was greater for CAPE compared to CA (both incubation times, same dosage). IC50 values for CAPE were 27.84 µM (24 h) and 15.83 µM (48 h) and for CA > 10,000 µM (24 h) and > 1000 µM (48 h). Polyphenols induced apoptosis, while CAPE (dose dependently), induced a higher apoptotic effect. CAPE also induced cell cycle arrest in S phase (time and dose dependently), CA did it only for 50 and 100 µM. A dose dependent decline was seen for the G0/G1 phase (CAPE, 48 h), as well as elimination of phase G2/M by 100 µM of CAPE (only mild effect for CA). Comparing CA and CAPE activity on MDA-MB-231, CAPE clearly showed better activity for the same dosages and experiment times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Jastrzębska-Stojko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Prof. K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ceglana 35, Katowice 40-514, Poland.
| | - Rafał Stojko
- Department of Women Health, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 12, Katowice 40-752, Poland.
| | - Robert Dariusz Wojtyczka
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
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Rzepecka-Stojko A, Stojko J, Kurek-Górecka A, Górecki M, Kabała-Dzik A, Kubina R, Moździerz A, Buszman E. Polyphenols from Bee Pollen: Structure, Absorption, Metabolism and Biological Activity. Molecules 2015; 20:21732-49. [PMID: 26690100 PMCID: PMC6332396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee pollen constitutes a natural source of antioxidants such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are responsible for its biological activity. Research has indicated the correlation between dietary polyphenols and cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancerogenic, immunostimulating, antianaemic effects, as well as their beneficial influence on osseous tissue. The beneficial effects of bee pollen on health result from the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids which possess anti-inflammatory properties, phytosterol and linolenic acid which play an anticancerogenic role, and polysaccharides which stimulate immunological activity. Polyphenols are absorbed in the alimentary tract, metabolised by CYP450 enzymes, and excreted with urine and faeces. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are characterised by high antioxidative potential, which is closely related to their chemical structure. The high antioxidant potential of phenolic acids is due to the presence and location of hydroxyl groups, a carboxyl group in the immediate vicinity of ortho-diphenolic substituents, and the ethylene group between the phenyl ring and the carboxyl group. As regards flavonoids, essential structural elements are hydroxyl groups at the C5 and C7 positions in the A ring, and at the C3′ and C4′ positions in the B ring, and a hydroxyl group at the C3 position in the C ring. Furthermore, both, the double bond between C2 and C3, and a ketone group at the C4 position in the C ring enhance the antioxidative potential of these compounds. Polyphenols have an ideal chemical structure for scavenging free radicals and for creating chelates with metal ions, which makes them effective antioxidants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3A, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Anna Kurek-Górecka
- Silesian Medical College in Katowice, Mickiewicza 29, Katowice 40-085, Poland.
| | - Michał Górecki
- Department of Drug Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department of Pathology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Moździerz
- Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3A, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
| | - Ewa Buszman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland.
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Kurek-Górecka AM, Sobczak A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Górecki MT, Wardas M, Pawłowska-Góral K. Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Fractions of Polish Propolis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:545-50. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2012-11-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a great variation in the chemical composition of propolis of different origins. Likewise, the method of its extraction has signifi cant impact on the content of biologically active compounds. Here we compared methods of propolis extraction for optimal antioxidant activities which were measured by means of β-carotene discolouration, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) radical cation decolouration assays. In the extracts, the contents of polyphenols and fl avonoids were measured, and phenolic acids were identifi ed and quantifi ed by HPLC. A three-step extraction allowed obtaining large amounts of phenolic acids from propolis. The propolis fractions obtained had antioxidant properties comparable to those of α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene. Therefore, they may be used as effective natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Kurek-Górecka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Silesia, The School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sobczak
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, The School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health Department of Chemical Hazard, Kościelna 13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, The School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Michał T. Górecki
- Department of Drug Technology, Medical University of Silesia, The School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Maria Wardas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Silesia, The School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawłowska-Góral
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Silesia, The School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Kurek-Górecka A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Górecki M, Stojko J, Sosada M, Świerczek-Zięba G. Structure and antioxidant activity of polyphenols derived from propolis. Molecules 2013; 19:78-101. [PMID: 24362627 PMCID: PMC6271064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a potential source of natural antioxidants such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. Its wide biological effects have been known and used since antiquity. In the modern world natural substances are sought which would be able to counteract the effects of antioxidative stress, which underlies many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. This paper aims to present the antioxidative activity of phenolic acids and flavonoids present in Polish propolis and the relationship between their chemical structure and antioxidative activity influencing its medicinal properties. Data concerning the biological activity of propolis are summarized here, including its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, estrogenic effects, as well as AIDS- counteracting and reparative-regenerative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kurek-Górecka
- Silesian Medical College in Katowice, Mickiewicza 29, Katowice 40-085, Poland; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-605-599-123; Fax: +48-322-072-705
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Michał Górecki
- Department of Drug Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3A, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Marian Sosada
- Department of Drug Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland; E-Mails: (M.G.); (M.S.)
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Jastrzębska-Stojko Ż, Stojko R, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Kabała-Dzik A, Stojko J. Biological activity of propolis-honey balm in the treatment of experimentally-evoked burn wounds. Molecules 2013; 18:14397-413. [PMID: 24284491 PMCID: PMC6270475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicines of biogenic origin with micro-organic, regenerative and analgesic properties are becoming more and more significant in the treatment of burn wounds. These properties are found in apitherapeutics such as propolis and honey--products collected and processed by a honey bee. Their effect on the course of the healing processes is multidirectional. The aim of the study was a histopathological and biochemical analysis of the processes of scar formation in experimentally evoked burn wounds in white pigs treated with the 1% and 3% Sepropol balms containing standardized extracts of propolis and honey. The results were compared with the therapeutic effects obtained with dermazin cream (1% silver sulfadiazine). The level of collagen was determined in the wounds treated with 1% and 3% Sepropol and compared with the collagen level in healthy skin and wounds treated with dermazin. Granulation and regenerated epithelium formation times were compared, with the 3% Sepropol being by far the most effective. The 3% Sepropol also increased the collagen level to 116% with the control sub-groups scoring between 80% and 98%. The results show the healing process of burn wounds in pigs treated with the Sepropol balm starts earlier and has a faster course than the standard dermazin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Jastrzębska-Stojko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Rafał Stojko
- Department of Women Health, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 12, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Deparment of Pathology School of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies School of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3A, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; E-Mail:
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Moździerz A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Juszko-Piekut M, Olczyk D, Stojko J, Mierzwa W, Kobiela W. [The role of nicotine as a modulator of the activity of acid phosphotase and cathepsin D and L in the liver and kidney of mice]. Przegl Lek 2012; 69:833-836. [PMID: 23421042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To our knowledge, no reports on the impact of nicotine on the enzyme activity of the lysosomal system have been published yet. The study which is reported here is probably one of the first analyses of the models of lysosomal hydrolases of the liver and kidney of experimental mice which were exposed to various doses of nicotine. The aim of our experimental study was to analyze the impact of nicotine administered for 4 or 8 days in the dosage of 12 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively, on the activity of acid phosphatase and cathepsins D and L, i.e. lysosomal hydrolases of the liver and kidney of mice. The experimental group constituted 60 Swiss male mice, aged 8-9 weeks, of average body weight of 23.4 +/- 1.2 grams. We came to the following conclusions after the completion of the experimental study and laboratory analyses: - nicotine injected once a day in the dosage of 12 mg and 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 and 8 days caused a significant increase in the activity of acid phosphatase, and cathepsins D and L in the liver and kidney of the studied mice. The range of observed changes was related to the organ, the dosage and administration time; - the increase in the activity of studied enzymes after administering nicotine may indicate that the alkaloid exhibits destabilizing activity in lysosomal membranes of the liver and kidney cells, therefore it may affect metabolic pathways of those organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Moździerz
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Polandn School of Pharmacy, Department of Hygiene, Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies
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Kurek-Górecka AM, Sobczak A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Górecki MT, Wardas M, Pawlowska-Góral K. Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Fractions of Polish Propolis. Z NATURFORSCH C 2012. [DOI: 10.5560/znc.2012.67c0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Maciejewska-Paszek I, Pawłowska-Góral K, Kostrzewski M, Kurzeja E, Wardas M, Rzepecka-Stojko A. The influence of small doses of paracetamol on rabbit liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 59:139-41. [PMID: 17601712 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol has properties that make it useful in many kinds of drugs that are readily available to users. These drugs are often used for extensive periods of time without a doctor's supervision, which might lead to unexpected overdose. The aim of this work was to assess the extent of liver damage in rabbits after administering them with paracetamol for approximately 2 months. The results we obtained suggest that paracetamol administered for a long time causes liver function impairment. It was, however, not possible to determine the impairment by measuring the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or gamma-glutamylotranspeptidase (GGTP). It was determined by measuring the concentration of ketone bodies and arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR) value. Even when taken in small doses, paracetamol causes changes in liver metabolism when taken for an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Maciejewska-Paszek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Jagiellońska 4 Street, Katowice, Poland
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