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Silva Oliveira FM, Claúdia de Carvalho Fernandes A, Henrique de Cicco Sandes S, Prata LO, Junior MA, Vilela da Silva CA, Campolina-Silva GH, Lorenzo de Jesus Oliveira M, Oliveira CA, Neumann E, Nunes ÁC, Gomes MA, Caliari MV. Co-infection by Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar typhimurium and Entamoeba dispar pathogenic strains enhances colitis and the expression of amoebic virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105010. [PMID: 34126224 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amebiasis is the most severe protozoan infection affecting the human intestine, and the second leading cause of death among parasitic diseases. The mechanisms of amoebic virulence factors acquisition are poorly understood, and there are few studies showing the interaction between Entamoeba dispar and bacteria. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is also a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Considering the high rates of amebiasis and salmonellosis, it is possible that these diseases may co-exist in the human intestine, leading to co-infection. Due to the scarcity of studies showing the influence of enteropathogenic bacteria on amoebic virulence, our research group proposed to evaluate the impact of S. typhimurium on E. dispar trophozoites. We assessed whether co-infection of S. typhimurium and E. dispar can change the progression of amoebic colitis, and the inflammatory response profile in the caecum mucosa, using a co-infection experimental model in rats. In vitro assays was used to investigate whether S. typhimurium induces changes in amoebic virulence phenotype. In the present work, we found that S. typhimurium co-infection exacerbates amoebic colitis and intestinal inflammation. The in vitro association of S. typhimurium and E. dispar trophozoites contributed to increase the expression of amoebic virulence factors. Also, we demonstrated, for the first time, the cysteine proteinase 5 expression in E. dispar MCR, VEJ and ADO strains, isolated in Brazil. Together, our results show that S. typhimurium and E. dispar co-infection worsens amoebic colitis, possibly by increasing the expression of amoebic virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Marcus Silva Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Sávio Henrique de Cicco Sandes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Luana Oliveira Prata
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mario Abatemarco Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Álvaro Cantini Nunes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Vidigal Caliari
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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