Mapping the provision of care to an adolescent victim of school bullying by the Family Health Strategy in Brazil

The provision of care to adolescents who are victims of bullying is necessarily intersectoral and, as such, goes beyond the limits of the school context. Underpinned by this principle, this study mapped the care provided to an adolescent victim of bullying by the Family Health Strategy, using cartography to elaborate an analytical flow chart of the pathway taken by the patient through the health service. The care maps produced by the health professionals involved in the process showed that care was out of step, dry and had a low level of resolvability. Despite these findings, the use of this instrument allowed the health team to propose other forms of support for the adolescent. After visualizing the pathway taken by the patient through the care network, the team was able to rethink limiting approaches to health care and discover other care possibilities that go beyond physical dimensions. The care provided by the Family Health Strategy was shown to be inconsistent. However, the mapping activity clearly showed that primary care services play a crucial role in providing appropriate support to adolescent victims of bullying and breaking the cycle of violence.

Bullying during adolescence in Brazil: an overview

Bullying has been the subject of worldwide study for over four decades and is widely reported by social media. Despite this, the issue is a relatively new area of research in Brazil. This study analyzes academic literature addressing bullying produced in Brazil focusing on aspects that characterize this issue as a subtype of violence: gender differences, factors associated with bullying, consequences, and possible intervention and prevention approaches. The guiding question of this study was: what have Brazilian researchers produced regarding bullying among adolescents? The results show that over half of the studies used quantitative approaches, principally cross-sectional methods and questionnaires, and focused on determining the prevalence of and factors associated with bullying. The findings showed a high prevalence of bullying among Brazilian adolescents, an association between risk behavior and bullying, serious consequences for the mental health of young people, lack of awareness and understanding among adolescents about bullying and its consequences, and a lack of strategies to manage this type of aggression. There is a need for intervention studies, prevention and restorative practices that involve the community and can be applied to everyday life at school.

Chemical composition and morphology study of bovine enamel submitted to different sterilization methods

OBJECTIVES

The morphology and chemical composition of enamel submitted to different sterilization methods was studied.

METHODS

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to evaluate 50 bovine enamel specimens sterilized using four methods: microwaving (MI), gamma irradiation (GI), ethylene oxide (EO), and steam autoclave (SA). Non-sterilized specimens were used as control.

RESULTS

XPS indicated that the concentration of P (phosphorus), CO₃ (carbonate), and CO₃/P was not changed in all groups. GI produced no significant change on elemental composition. SA produced the major decrease in calcium (Ca), Ca/P ratio, and increase in N (nitrogen). MI was found to decrease Ca, Ca/P ratio and O (oxygen), and increase in C (carbon) and N. EO produced decrease in Ca and O with increased C concentration. FEG-SEM revealed surface and in-depth morphological changes on SA specimens. Minor surface alterations were observed for EO and for MI groups, and no alteration was observed on GI group. EDS indicated no difference on elemental composition of enamel bulk among groups.

CONCLUSIONS

SA produced mineral loss and morphological alterations on surface and in depth. MI and EO sterilization caused mineral loss showing only slight alteration on enamel surface. GI sterilization preserves the morphological characteristics of enamel. The sterilization methods could be classified from lower to high damage as GI < MI < EO < SA.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

This is a comprehensive comparative study where different methods for enamel sterilization were investigated in terms of chemical changes. The results presented here may help researchers to choose the most appropriate method for their research setting and purpose.

Mechanism of Antibacterial Activity via Morphology Change of α-AgVO3: Theoretical and Experimental Insights

The electronic configuration, morphology, optical features, and antibacterial activity of metastable α-AgVO₃ crystals have been discussed by a conciliation and association of the results acquired by experimental procedures and first-principles calculations. The α-AgVO₃ powders were synthesized using a coprecipitation method at 10, 20, and 30 °C. By using a Wulff construction for all relevant low-index surfaces [(100), (010), (001), (110), (011), (101), and (111)], the fine-tuning of the desired morphologies can be achieved by controlling the values of the surface energies, thereby lending a microscopic understanding to the experimental results. The as-synthesized α-AgVO₃ crystals display a high antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained from the experimental and theoretical techniques allow us to propose a mechanism for understanding the relationship between the morphological changes and antimicrobial performance of α-AgVO₃.

Adhesive bonding of resin composite to various titanium surfaces using different metal conditioners and a surface modification system

Objective

This study evaluated the effect of three metal conditioners on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a prosthetic composite material to cpTi grade I having three surface treatments.

Material and Methods

One hundred sixty eight rivet-shaped specimens (8.0x2.0 mm) were cast and subjected to polishing (P) or sandblasting with either 50 mm (50SB) or 250 mm (250SB) Al₂O₃. The metal conditioners Metal Photo Primer (MPP), Cesead II Opaque Primer (OP), Targis Link (TL), and one surface modification system Siloc (S), were applied to the specimen surfaces, which were covered with four 1-mm thick layers of resin composite. The resin layers were exposed to curing light for 90 s separately. Seven specimens from each experimental group were stored in water at 37ºC for 24 h while the other 7 specimens were subjected to 5,000 thermal cycles consisting of water baths at 4ºC and 60ºC (n=7). All specimens were subjected to SBS test (0.5 mm/min) until failure occurred, and further 28 specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test (α=0.05).

Results

On 50SB surfaces, OP groups showed higher SBS means than MPP (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found among OP, S, and TL groups. On 250SB surfaces, OP and TL groups exhibited higher SBS than MPP and S (P<0.05). No significant difference in SBS was found between OP and TL groups nor between MPP and S groups. The use of conditioners on 250SB surfaces resulted in higher SBS means than the use of the same products on 50SB surfaces (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Sandblasting associated with the use of metal conditioners improves SBS of resin composites to cpTi.

In vitro evaluation of adherence of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans to an acrylic resin modified by experimental coatings

This study evaluated the effect of experimental coatings, containing zwitterion or hydrophilic monomers, on the adherence of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans to an acrylic resin. Acrylic samples (smooth or rough surfaces) were left untreated (control) or coated with one of the following experimental coatings: 3-hydroxypropylmethacrylate (HP) or sulfobetaine methacrylate (S), at concentrations of 25, 30, or 35%. Half of the specimens were coated with saliva. The adhesion test was performed by incubating specimens in C. albicans, C. glabrata, and S. mutans suspensions at 37°C for 90 min. The number of adhered microorganisms was determined by metabolic activity (XTT) and by cell viability (CFU). All coated specimens exhibited lower absorbance and CFU values compared to control specimens. Saliva and roughness did not promote microorganism adherence. An XPS analysis confirmed the modification in the chemical composition of the coatings in the experimental samples. These experimental coatings significantly reduced the adherence of C. albicans, C. glabrata and S. mutans to acrylic resin.

Enzymatic activity profile of a Brazilian culture collection of Candida albicans isolated from diabetics and non-diabetics with oral candidiasis

The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is a fundamental virulence factor of Candida albicans to develop disease. The objective of this study was to characterise the virulence of 148 clinical isolates of C. albicans from oral candidiasis by assessing the expression of phospholipase (PL) and secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP). Isolates were obtained from healthy subjects (HS) and diabetics (DOC) and non-diabetics with oral candidiasis (NDOC). An aliquot (5 μl) of each cell suspension was inoculated on PL and SAP agar plates and incubated. Enzymes secretion was detected by the formation of an opaque halo around the colonies and enzymatic activity (PZ) was determined by the ratio between colony diameter and colony diameter plus the halo zone. Statistical comparisons were made by a one-way anova followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). The clinical sources of C. albicans had significant effect (P < 0.001) on the PZ values of both enzymes. For PL, clinical isolates from NDOC and DOC had highest enzymatic activity than those from HS (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between them (P = 0.506). For SAP, C. albicans from NDOC showed the lower enzymatic activity (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between isolates from HS and DOC (P = 0.7051). C. albicans isolates from NDOC and DOC patients showed an increased production of PL.

Susceptibility profile of a Brazilian yeast stock collection of Candida species isolated from subjects with Candida-associated denture stomatitis with or without diabetes

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the susceptibility of 198 clinical isolates of Candida species against caspofungin, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole.

STUDY DESIGN

Suspensions of the microorganisms were spread on Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) agar plates. Etest strips were placed on the plates, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was read after incubation (48 h at 37 °C). Data were analyzed by a factorial analysis of variance and a 2 × 2 post hoc test (α = .05).

RESULTS

C glabrata showed the highest MIC values (P < .001) against caspofungin, itraconazole, and fluconazole. For amphotericin B, the MIC values of C tropicalis and C glabrata (P = .0521) were higher than those of C albicans (P < .001). Itraconazole was the least effective antifungal; 93.3% of the C glabrata isolates, 3.3% of the C albicans, and 1.3% of the C tropicalis were resistant. All microorganisms were susceptible to caspofungin and amphotericin B.

CONCLUSIONS

Caspofungin and amphotericin B should be recommended as an effective alternative for the management of oral Candida infections when treatment with topical or other systemic drugs has definitely failed.

Colour stability of relined dentures after chemical disinfection. A randomised clinical trial

BACKGROUND

This randomised clinical study evaluated the effect of chemical disinfection with sodium perborate or chlorhexidine on the colour stability of a hard chairside reline resin during six months.

METHODS

Hard chairside reline resin (Tokuyama Rebase Fast II) was used to reline complete dentures. After baseline colour measurements, the patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 15) and allocation was concealed with the use of the BioStat program. The dentures were cleansed according to three methods: CG (control group)--brushing with coconut soap and soft toothbrush, PG (Perborate group)--brushing according to previous methods and disinfection with warmed sodium perborate solution (Corega Tabs) for 5 min, once a day for 6 months and ChxG (Chlorhexidine Group)--brushing according to CG and disinfection with chlorhexidine digluconate 2% for 5min once a day for 6 months. The data of ΔE*, ΔL*, Δa* and Δb* were analysed by 2-way repeated-measures ANOVAs and Tukey tests (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

There were significant differences amongst groups for ΔL, Δa and Δb. The time had a significant effect on ΔE and ΔL, for all groups evaluated.

CONCLUSION

Changes in some colour parameters (ΔL, Δa and Δb) of the reline resin Tokuyama Rebase were observed when the dentures were disinfected by perborate and chlorhexidine digluconate 2% solutions. The colour stability of was also influenced by time, regardless of disinfection or nondisinfection.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Colour stability of the denture materials is one variable to be considered when choosing disinfection methods. The data in this study will be useful to clinicians when they are selecting disinfectant solutions for disinfection of relined denture.

Os desafios da integralidade em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial e a produção de projetos terapêuticos

Este estudo tem por objeto a produção dos projetos terapêuticos realizados pela equipe de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - CAPS III. Considera o processo de criação e expansão do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS e da Reforma Psiquiátrica do país. Nesse contexto, os trabalhadores têm o desafio de produzir um cuidado a partir de um projeto terapêutico individual que considere as necessidades das pessoas e seu contexto de vida real. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e descrever as potencialidades e dificuldades da equipe na construção dos projetos terapêuticos tendo como base o método cartográfico e a técnica do grupo focal, do qual participaram trabalhadores de um CAPS III do município de Diadema - SP. Na análise realizada a partir dos dados provenientes das discussões nos grupos focais, identificamos, sobretudo, a cisão entre a equipe noturna e a diurna e a falta de espaços sistemáticos de conversa para elaboração e discussão dos projetos terapêuticos.

Infiltração marginal em facetas estéticas de resina composta em próteses parciais fixas

Diferentes materiais estéticos e sistemas de união têm sido desenvolvidos com o objetivo de reduzir a infiltração marginal na interface resina-metal de coroas. O presente estudo avaliou esse fenômeno utilizando corpos-de-prova confeccionados com três diferentes resinas e uma liga de Ni-Cr. Após sua confecção foram armazenados em água destilada a 37oC por 24 horas e, em seguida, submetidos a 100 ciclos alternados em água nos respectivos tempos e temperaturas: 15 segundos a 60}2°C e 15 segundos a 12}2°C. Após essa etapa foram colocados em solução aquosa de Rodamina B a 0,2% por 24 horas. Posteriormente, foram seccionados em 4 setores expondo-se as áreas infiltradas, que foram avaliadas em um perfilômetro. À vista dos resultados obtidos e de acordo com a metodologia empregada, concluiu-se que: ocorreu microinfiltração em todas as situações; a maior infiltração ocorreu com o material SRChromasit.

Influence of microwave disinfection on the linear dimensional stability of complete dentures: a clinical study

This clinical study evaluated the effect of two microwave disinfection protocols at 650 W for 3 minutes (group 1, once a week; group 2, three times a week) on the linear dimensional stability of complete dentures. Measurements were taken across four reference points: before the first microwave disinfection (baseline) and after each week of disinfection. Furthermore, the dentures were monitored clinically. Group 2 showed significantly greater shrinkage than group 1 in all evaluated weeks. During clinical monitoring, no significant findings were observed. Even though dimensional changes occurred, the clinical evaluation did not yield any changes in either group.

Produção de cuidado e subjetividade

Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica sobre a conexão entre produção de cuidado e subjetividade, e sobre as idéias que sustentam esta conexão. Uma busca por trabalhos já existentes foi feita no Banco de Dados Bibliográficos da Universidade de São Paulo. A discussão dos achados se deu a partir de algumas noções da pós-modernidade, em sua crítica à racionalidade instrumental, que percorre, em maior ou menor grau, as concepções e ações de cuidado, no contemporâneo. Recuperar o sujeito e sua respectiva produção de subjetividades é recuperar, igualmente, um cuidado que confunda os limites fronteiriços do que é qualificado como objetivo/subjetivo e aposte numa visão integrada daquilo que diz respeito ao cotidiano das produções e ações humanas.

Effect of thermal cycling on microleakage between hard chairside relines and denture base acrylic resins

OBJECTIVES

Microleakage is a pre-stage of debonding between hard chairside relines and denture base acrylic resins. Therefore, it is important to assess them with regard to the longevity of the relined denture. This study investigated the effect of thermal cycling on the microleakage at the interface of three hard chairside reline resins and three denture base resins.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Rectangular bars (12 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) of Lucitone 550, Acron MC and QC 20 were made and relined with Kooliner, Tokuyama Rebase Fast II and Ufi Gel Hard, Lucitone 550, Acron MC and QC 20 resins. Specimens were divided into one control and two test groups (n=10). In specimens of the control group, the microleakage was performed after the reline procedure. In Test Group 1, the specimens were stored for 24 h in distilled water at room temperature and in Test Group 2; the specimens were thermal cycled from 5 to 55°C for 5000 cycles with a 30-s dwell time. Subsequently, all specimens were immersed in 50% silver nitrate solutions for 24h. All specimens were sectioned longitudinally into three fractions and the lateral sections were examined (n=20). Silver nitrate stain penetration was examined under a stereoscopic lens with ×30 magnification, and the images were captured. Leica Qwin image analysis software was used to determine microleakage at the interface of the materials. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test at a 95% level of significance.

RESULTS

For all cycles, there were no statistically significant differences between thermal cycled and non-thermal cycled groups (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that thermal cycling had no effect on the microleakage.

Subjetividade e pós-modernidade na enfermagem

Pretende-se refletir neste artigo a respeito da transição ou ruptura paradigmática e da premência de investigações que privilegiem a essência da subjetividade. Projeta-se uma ideia de transformação, de mutação de áreas do conhecimento diante das novidades da cultura pós-moderna. Uma das definições que se atribui à pós-modernidade é a sinergia entre o arcaísmo e o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Os estudos da subjetividade pressupõem a incursão num referencial epistemológico diverso do modelo clássico positivista. Uma prática social como a Enfermagem voltada para o cuidado de pessoas que sofrem alterações do processo saúde-doença, deve necessariamente compreender e problematizar os modos de subjetivação, as novas concepções de sujeito e de conhecimento do que é humano. A questão epistemológica diz respeito à incursão das ações de cuidado para um território de contestação onde seja possível intercambiar a racionalidade com o sensível diante de significados culturais.

Effect of post-polymerization heat treatments on the cytotoxicity of two denture base acrylic resins

INTRODUCTION

Most denture base acrylic resins have polymethylmethacrylate in their composition. Several authors have discussed the polymerization process involved in converting monomer into polymer because adequate polymerization is a crucial factor in optimizing the physical properties and biocompatibility of denture base acrylic resins. To ensure the safety of these materials, in vitro cytotoxicity assays have been developed as preliminary screening tests to evaluate material biocompatibility. (3)H-thymidine incorporation test, which measures the number of cells synthesizing DNA, is one of the biological assays suggested for cytotoxicity testing.

AIM

The purpose of this study was to investigate, using (3)H-thymidine incorporation test, the effect of microwave and water-bath post-polymerization heat treatments on the cytotoxicity of two denture base acrylic resins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Nine disc-shaped specimens (10 x 1 mm) of each denture base resin (Lucitone 550 and QC 20) were prepared according to the manufacturers' recommendations and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 48 h. The specimens were assigned to 3 groups: 1) post-polymerization in a microwave oven for 3 min at 500 W; 2) post-polymerization in water-bath at 55 degrees C for 60 min; and 3) without post-polymerization. For preparation of eluates, 3 discs were placed into a sterile glass vial with 9 mL of Eagle's medium and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The cytotoxic effect of the eluates was evaluated by (3)H-thymidine incorporation.

RESULTS

The results showed that the components leached from the resins were cytotoxic to L929 cells, except for the specimens heat treated in water bath (p<0.05). Compared to the group with no heat treatment, water-bath decreased the cytotoxicity of the denture base acrylic resins.

CONCLUSION

The in vitro cytotoxicity of the tested denture base materials was not influenced by microwave post-polymerization heat treatment.

Reabilitação psicossocial dos usuários de álcool e outras drogas: a concepção de profissionais de saúde

Estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa que objetivou identificar as concepções de profissionais da saúde de um Centro de Referência para o tratamento dos problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool e outras drogas acerca da Reabilitação Psicossocial. Onze profissionais da saúde de nível superior foram submetidos à entrevista semi estruturada. Os dados foram analisados segundo os pressupostos da Hermenêutica Dialética, que originou a categoria Reabilitação Psicossocial. Os resultados evidenciaram que na concepção dos profissionais a Reabilitação Psicossocial se dá na realização de oficinas terapêuticas, atividades externas e no estabelecimento de parcerias com outras instituições. Conclui-se que o conceito de Reabilitação Psicossocial que mais se evidencia na concepção desses sujeitos, ainda está associado ao modelo psiquiátrico tradicional, ou seja, atrelado à lógica da normalidade social, sendo esse o principal desafio a ser superado quando se considera o modelo psicossocial de atenção aos usuários de álcool e outras drogas.

Trabalho na atenção básica: integralidade do cuidado em saúde mental

Este estudo tem por objetivo cartografar o cuidado ao usuário com necessidades no campo da saúde mental em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, analisando o trabalho em equipe à luz da integralidade das ações de saúde. Seus participantes são trabalhadores de saúde, de diferentes profissões, que fazem parte dos processos de trabalho em saúde mental do serviço. A técnica de coleta de dados utilizada foi o fluxograma analisador. Os resultados nos mostram que, na Unidade Básica, os fluxos conectivos entre os diversos trabalhadores - e entre estes e os usuários - vêm produzindo e proliferando vários e distintos espaços coletivos de trocas, possibilitando ações de saúde alinhadas à perspectiva da integralidade, através de uma compreensão ampliada do processo saúde-doença mental, construída pela valorização das relações humanas e das subjetividades envolvidas no espaço do trabalho em saúde.

Effect of microwave postpolymerization treatment and of storage time in water on the cytotoxicity of denture base and reline acrylic resins

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the effect of microwave postpolymerization heat treatment and water storage time on the cytotoxicity of denture base and reline acrylic resins.

METHOD AND MATERIALS

Sample disks of 6 acrylic resins were fabricated under aseptic conditions (Kooliner, GC; Tokuyama Rebase II, Tokuyama Dental; New Truliner, Bosworth; Acron MC, GC; Lucitone 550, Dentsply; QC 20, Dentsply). The denture base acrylic resin samples were stored in water for 24 and 48 hours at 37 degrees C. The fabricated samples were further subdivided into 2 groups: (1) samples without heat treatment and (2) samples treated in a microwave. The 3H-thymidine incorporation test was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the materials. The data were statistically analyzed using the incomplete 3-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P < .05).

RESULTS

Microwave postpolymerization heat treatment improved the biocompatibility of Tokuyama Rebase II. Tokuyama Rebase II without heat treatment and Acron MC in both experimental groups were graded as slightly cytotoxic in the group without water storage. The other resins were graded as noncytotoxic. After 24 hours of immersion in water, all materials were graded as noncytotoxic. After water storage for 48 hours, Acron MC without heat treatment and QC 20 in both experimental groups were graded as slightly cytotoxic. Lucitone 550 was graded as noncytotoxic in all experimental groups.

CONCLUSION

Microwave irradiation may be considered an alternative to reduce the cytotoxicity of Tokuyama Rebase II. Dental practitioners should choose Lucitone 550 processed with terminal boiling stage.

Vivendo com a depressão: histórias de vida de mulheres

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender e descrever histórias de vida de mulheres com depressão. A pesquisa tem uma abordagem qualitativa e a coleta de dados foi realizada em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) da cidade de São Paulo, por meio de entrevistas, utilizando-se como referencial metodológico a História Oral de Vida. Participaram do estudo seis colaboradoras. Vê-se que a depressão é uma doença vivenciada historicamente. Desse modo, o passado é narrado como sofrido, doloroso e pesado. No presente, a depressão assume todo o espaço e engloba a vida, de forma que ela se torna apenas pano de fundo. A probabilidade de um futuro possível é vislumbrada por algumas das colaboradoras. Assim, este estudo possibilitou compreender que as pessoas têm, nas suas histórias de vida, projetos e necessidades diferentes, e que o plano terapêutico e o cuidado prestado pelo enfermeiro devem ser dirigidos para atender as suas singularidades no mundo.

Biocompatibility of denture base acrylic resins evaluated in culture of L929 cells. Effect of polymerisation cycle and post-polymerisation treatments

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two post-polymerisation treatments and different cycles of polymerisation on the cytotoxicity of two denture base resins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The resins tested were Lucitone 550 and QC 20. Discs of resins were fabricated following the manufacturer's instructions. Lucitone 550 was processed by long cycle or short cycle. The resin QC 20 was processed by reverse cycle or normal cycle. The specimens were divided into groups: (i) post-polymerised in microwave for 3 min at 500 W; (ii) post-polymerised in water-bath at 55 degrees C for 60 min and (iii) without post-polymerisation. Eluates were prepared by placing three discs into a sterile glass vial with 9 ml of Eagle's medium and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. L929 cells were seeded into 96 well culture plates and DNA synthesis was assessed by (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay.

RESULTS

The results were submitted to two-way anova and Tukey HSD test. QC 20 specimens polymerised by the normal cycle and submitted to microwave post-polymerisation were graded as moderately cytotoxic. Similar results were observed for Lucitone 550 processed by long cycle without post-polymerisation. The other experimental groups were graded as not cytotoxic. After water-bath post-polymerisation, specimens of Lucitone 550 processed by long cycle produced significantly lower inhibition of DNA synthesis than the other groups.

CONCLUSION

The long cycle increased the cytotoxicity of Lucitone 550 and water-bath post-polymerisation reduced the cytotoxicity of Lucitone 550 processed by long cycle.

Clinical evaluation of abutment teeth of removable partial denture by means of the Periotest method

Prosthodontics should be one of the means of establishing conditions for the maintenance of periodontal health. The forces applied to the abutment teeth and their effects are very important considerations in the design and construction of the removable partial dentures. This 6-month follow-up clinical study evaluated the degree of mobility of abutment teeth of distal extension and tooth supported removable partial dentures by using Periotest. Two types of clasp design were selected for evaluation. In cases with unilateral and bilateral distal-extension, a clasp design including a T clasp of Roach retentive arm, a rigid reciprocal arm and a mesial rest were used. For the abutments of tooth-supported removable partial dentures, a second clasp design with a cast circumferential buccal retentive arm, a rigid reciprocal clasp arm and a rest adjacent to the edentulous ridges was selected. A total of 68 abutment teeth was analysed. Periotest values were made at the time of denture placement (control) and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the denture placement. The statistical analysis was performed using Friedman test. All analysis was performed at a 0.05 level of significance. The results revelled that no significant changes in tooth mobility were observed during the 6-months follow-up (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that adequate oral hygiene instructions, careful prosthetic treatment planning and regular recall appointments play an important role in preventing changes in abutment tooth mobility caused by removable partial denture placement.

Effectiveness of microwave irradiation on the disinfection of complete dentures

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave irradiation on the disinfection of simulated complete dentures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eighty dentures were fabricated in a standardized procedure and subjected to ethylene oxide sterilization. The dentures were individually inoculated (10(7) cfu/mL) with tryptic soy broth (TSB) media containing one of the tested microorganisms (Candida albicans, Streptoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). After 48 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C, 40 dentures were individually immersed in 200 mL of water and submitted to microwave irradiation at 650 W for 6 minutes. Forty nonirradiated dentures were used as positive controls. Replicate aliquots (25 microL) of suspensions were plated at dilutions of 10(-3) to 10(-6) on plates of selective media appropriate for each organism. All plates were incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. TSB beakers with the microwaved dentures were incubated at 37 degrees C for 7 more days. After incubation, the number of colony-forming units was counted and the data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (alpha = .05).

RESULTS

No evidence of growth was observed at 48 hours for S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans. Dentures contaminated with P. aeruginosa showed small growth on 2 plates. After 7 days incubation at 37 degrees C, no growth was visible in the TSB beakers of S. aureus and C. albicans. Turbidity was observed in 3 broth beakers, 2 from P. aeruginosa and 1 from B. subtilis.

CONCLUSION

Microwave irradiation for 6 minutes at 650 W produced sterilization of complete dentures contaminated with S. aureus and C. albicans and disinfection of those contaminated with P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis.

Weight loss and surface roughness of hard chairside reline resins after toothbrushing: influence of postpolymerization treatments

PURPOSE

To evaluate the effect of 2 postpolymerization treatments on toothbrushing wear (weight loss) and surface roughness of 3 autopolymerized reline resins--Duraliner II (D) (Reliance Dental), Kooliner (K) (Coe Laboratories), and Tokuso Rebase Fast (T) (Tokuyama Dental)--and 1 heat-polymerized resin, Lucitone 550 (L) (Dentsply International).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens (40 x 10 x 2mm) of each material (n = 24) were prepared and divided into 3 groups: control (no postpolymerization treatment); water bath (immersion in water at 55 degrees C); and microwave (microwave irradiation). Specimens were dried until constant weight was achieved and the surface roughness (Ra) was measured. Tests were performed in a toothbrush machine using 20,000 strokes of brushing at a weight of 200 g, with the specimens immersed in 1:1 dentifrice/water slurry. Specimens were reconditioned to constant weight and the weight loss (mg) and surface roughness were evaluated. Data were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance and followed by Tukey test (alpha = .05).

RESULTS

In the control group, the weight loss of materials D and T was lower (P < .05) than that of L. No differences among materials were found after postpolymerization treatments (P > .05). The weight loss of material T (control = 0.5 mg) was significantly increased (P < .05) after postpolymerization treatments (water bath = 1.9 mg; microwave = 1.8 mg). For materials K and T, the toothbrushed surface roughness was higher (P < .05) after microwave and waterbath postpolymerization treatments. Material L showed increased surface roughness after microwave postpolymerization treatment.

CONCLUSION

The toothbrushing wear resistance of L was not superior to the reline resins. The postpolymerization treatments did not improve the toothbrushing wear resistance of the materials and produced an increased surface roughness for materials L, K, and T.

Development and application of methods for determination of residual monomer in dental acrylic resins using high performance liquid chromatography

Two high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for determination of residual monomer in dental acrylic resins are described. Monomers were detected by their UV absorbance at 230 nm, on a Nucleosil C18 (5 microm particle size, 100 A pore size, 15 x 0.46 cm i.d.) column. The separation was performed using acetonitrile-water (55:45 v/v) containing 0.01% triethylamine (TEA) for methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate, and acetonitrile-water (60:40 v/v) containing 0.01% TEA for isobutyl methacrylate and 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate as mobile phases, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Good linear relationships were obtained in the concentration range 5.0-80.0 microg/mL for methyl methacrylate, 10.0-160.0 microg/mL for butyl methacrylate, 50.0-500.0 microg/mL for isobutyl methacrylate and 2.5-180.0 microg/mL for 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate. Adequate assay for intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy was observed during the validation process. An extraction procedure to remove residual monomer from the acrylic resins was also established. Residual monomer was obtained from broken specimens of acrylic disks using methanol as extraction solvent for 2 h in an ice-bath. The developed methods and the extraction procedure were applied to dental acrylic resins, tested with or without post-polymerization treatments, and proved to be accurate and precise for the determination of residual monomer content of the materials evaluated.

O conhecimento produzido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem: a enfermagem psiquiátrica

Após quase 30 anos de criação da Área de Concentração Enfermagem Psiquiátrica, no Programa de Pós-Graduação da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, é importante olhar a produção científica gerada para que fundamentem reflexões sobre este ensino. Este estudo é descritivo-exploratório, usou como fonte os registros do Serviço de Pós-Graduação, resumos de dissertações e teses; memorandos e ofícios; os dados coletados foram analisados à luz das transformações ocorridas na estrutura que titulou 60 alunos, dos quais 50 cursaram mestrado e 10 doutorado e que vem reestruturando suas disciplinas, linhas de pesquisa e projetos com o objetivo de atender as avaliações internas e externas e às diretrizes das agências de fomento do País. A produção científica, atualmente, evidência alinhamento com as diretrizes da Reforma Psiquiátrica e tendência de produzir conhecimentos a partir das práticas concretas dos trabalhadores nos campos da assistência, a gestão e ensino de Saúde Mental.

Effect of microwave disinfection on the flexural strength of hard chairside reline resins

OBJECTIVES

This study investigated the effect of microwave disinfection (650W/6 min) on the flexural strength of five hard chairside reline resins (Kooliner, Duraliner II, Tokuso Rebase Fast, Ufi Gel Hard, New Truliner) and one denture base resin (Lucitone 550).

METHODS

Thirty-two specimens (3.3x10x64 mm) from each acrylic resin were produced and divided into four groups of eight specimens each. The flexural test was performed after polymerization (G1), after two cycles of microwave disinfection (G2), after 7 days storage in water at 37 degrees C (G3) and after seven cycles of microwave disinfection (G4). Specimens from group G4 were microwaved daily being stored in water at 37 degrees C between exposures. The specimens were placed in three-point bend fixture in a MTS machine and loaded until failure. The flexural values (MPa) were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p=0.05).

RESULTS

Two cycles of microwave disinfection promoted a significant increase in flexural strength for materials Kooliner and Lucitone 550. After seven cycles of microwave disinfection, materials Kooliner and New Truliner showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in flexural values. The flexural strength of the material Tokuso Rebase was not significantly affected by microwave irradiation. Seven cycles of microwave disinfection resulted in a significant decrease in the flexural strength of material Duraliner II. Material Ufi Gel Hard was the only resin detrimentally affected by microwave disinfection after two and seven cycles.

CONCLUSIONS

Microwave disinfection did not adversely affect the flexural strength of all tested materials with the exception of material Ufi Gel Hard.

[Health education for the mentally ill: a first-hand account]

The account in this text refers to an effective health education project in a Mental Health post in Sao Paulo for which nursing department students are responsible. The belief in the mentally ill person conquering rights as citizens as well as understanding that the education may become the individual's most valuable emancipation tools were the starting point of the project. There was a short phase as well as a long one, both of which occurred in the weekly open group format to users and their family members, and whose characteristics were free participation, since the space was open for discussion and the exchange of both opinions and experiences. The themes were chronic illnesses, and those highlighted ones were mental illnesses, communicable diseases and chronic degenerative-illnesses.

Reforma psiquiátrica e mídia: representações sociais na Folha de S. Paulo

A imprensa do Brasil tem acompanhado o movimento da Reforma Psiquiátrica proporcionando a divulgação de conceitos e da nova linguagem adotada para descrever a doença mental e para propor uma assistência digna. O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever as representações veiculadas pela Folha de S. Paulo acerca dessa reforma. O referencial teórico é o das representações sociais. Foram feitas consultas a CD-ROMs do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, no período de 1994 a 1999. A análise temática dos textos teve a finalidade de verificar quais as representações sociais presentes. Duas categorias surgem dicotomizadas reforma da transição e reforma da manutenção. A produção de textos assim expostos desvela grupos que criam referências, recriam conceitos, mascaram ou não transformações, inovam nas propostas políticas, assistenciais, governamentais e de planejamento de estratégias de intervenção ampliadas.

Cytotoxicity of denture base resins: effect of water bath and microwave postpolymerization heat treatments

PURPOSE

This study compared the effect of two postpolymerization heat treatments on the cytotoxicity of three denture base resins on L929 cells using 3H-thymidine incorporation and MTT assays.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sample disks of Lucitone 550, QC 20, and Acron MC resins were fabricated under aseptic conditions and stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Specimens were then divided into three groups: (1) heat treated in microwave oven for 3 minutes at 500 W; (2) heat treated in water bath at 55 degrees C for 60 minutes; and (3) no heat treatment. Eluates were prepared by placing three disks into a sterile glass vial with 9 mL of Eagle's medium and incubating at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The cytotoxic effect from the eluates was evaluated using the 3H-thymidine incorporation and MTT assays, which reflect DNA synthesis levels and cell metabolism, respectively.

RESULTS

The components leached from the resins were cytotoxic to L929 cells when 3H-thymidine incorporation assay was employed. In contrast, eluates from all resins revealed noncytotoxic effects as measured by MTT assay. For both MTT assay and 3H-thymidine incorporation, the heat treatments did not decrease the cytotoxicity of the materials tested.

CONCLUSION

Resins were graded by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay as slightly cytotoxic and by MTT assay as noncytotoxic. Cytotoxicity of the denture base materials was not influenced by microwave or water bath heat treatment.

Effectiveness of microwave sterilization on three hard chairside reline resins

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave irradiation sterilization on hard chairside reline resins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens of three reline resins (Kooliner, Tokuso Rebase, and Ufi Gel Hard) were fabricated and subjected to ethylene oxide sterilization. The specimens were then individually inoculated (10(7) cfu/mL) with Tryptic Soy Broth media containing one of the tested microorganisms (C albicans, S aureus, B subtilis, and P aeruginosa). After 48 hours at 37 degrees C, the samples were vortexed for 1 minute and allowed to stand for 9 minutes, followed by a short vortex to resuspend any organisms present. After inoculation, 40 specimens of each material were immersed in 200 mL of water and subjected to microwave irradiation at 650 W for 6 minutes. Forty non-irradiated specimens were used as positive controls. Replicate specimens (25 microL) of suspension were plated at dilutions of 10(-3) to 10(-6) on plates of selective media appropriate for each organism. All plates were incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. After incubation, colonies were counted, and the data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Twelve specimens of each material were prepared for SEM.

RESULTS

All immersed specimens showed consistent sterilization of all the individual organisms after microwave irradiation. SEM examination indicated an alteration in cell morphology after microwave irradiation.

CONCLUSION

Microwave sterilization for 6 minutes at 650 W proved to be effective for the sterilization of hard chairside reline resins.

Effects of chemical disinfectants on the transverse strength of denture base acrylic resins

The disinfection of dental prostheses by immersion in a chemical solution should be capable of rapid inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, without causing any adverse effect on the denture base resins. This study evaluated the effect of disinfection immersion on the transverse strength of two heat-cured resins. The denture base resins (Lucitone 550 and QC 20) were polymerized according to the manufacturers' instructions. After polymerization, the specimens were polished, and then stored in water at 37 degrees C for 50 +/- 2 h prior immersion in one of the following solutions for 10 min: 4% chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochlorite and 3.78% sodium perborate. The specimens were submitted to disinfection twice, simulating when dentures come from the patient and before being returned to the patient. Ten specimens were made for each group. The transverse strength was evaluated by a 3-point bend test. The flexural strength of the two denture base acrylic resins evaluated remained unaffected after immersion in the three solutions evaluated. In general, the QC 20 resin specimens exhibited lower transverse strength than the Lucitone 550 resin specimens, regardless of immersion solutions.

Unidades de internação psiquiátrica em hospital geral: espaços de cuidados e a atuação da equipe de enfermagem

Este artigo constitui-se numa revisão sobre Unidades de Internação Psiquiátrica em Hospital Geral. São descritas experiências de implantação de Enfermarias de Psiquiatria, pontuando questões sobre a tolerância com o doente mental no hospital geral e a atuação da equipe de enfermagem. Foi feita uma leitura aleatória de trabalhos, artigos, dissertações e teses produzidas no Brasil, nos últimos dez anos. A análise dessas experiências tem por base a Reforma Psiquiátrica, os conceitos de "transição paradigmática", o campo de atenção psicossocial e reflexões sobre a atuação do enfermeiro. Acredita-se que esses equipamentos sejam iniciativas voltadas para a criação de espaços de inclusão do doente mental na sociedade e geradores de propostas transformadoras da enfermagem em saúde mental, mediante a construção de práticas profissionais éticas, terapêuticas, flexíveis e comprometidas com o cuidado de subjetividades.

Cytotoxicity of denture base acrylic resins: a literature review

Acrylic resins are widely used in the fabrication of denture bases and have been shown to be cytotoxic as a result of substances that leach from the resin. The primary eluate is residual monomer. Numerous reports suggest that residual monomer may be responsible for mucosal irritation and sensitization of tissues. This information is important, not only to assess the biologic effects of such materials, but also to enable a comparison among the different polymerization methods, thus assisting the clinician in selecting a material with minimal cytotoxicity. This article reviews the literature published from 1973 to 2000, selected by use of a Medline search, associated with cytotoxic effects usually ascribed to acrylic denture base materials.

The effect of disinfectant solutions on the hardness of acrylic resin denture teeth

This investigation studied the effects of disinfectant solutions on the hardness of acrylic resin denture teeth. The occlusal surfaces of 64 resin denture teeth were ground flat with abrasives up to 400-grit silicon carbide paper. Measurements were made after polishing and after the specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 48 h. The specimens were then divided into four groups and immersed in chemical disinfectants (4% chlorhexidine; 1% sodium hypochlorite and sodium perborate) for 10 min. The disinfection methods were performed twice to simulate clinical conditions and hardness measurements were made. Specimens tested as controls were immersed in water during the same disinfection time. Eight specimens were produced for each group. After desinfection procedures, testing of hardness was also performed after the samples were stored at 37 degrees C for 7, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey's test at 95% confidence level. According to the results, no significant differences were found between materials and immersion solutions (P > 0.05). However, a continuous decrease in hardness was noticed after ageing (P < 0.05). It was conclude that the surfaces of both acrylic resin denture teeth softened upon immersion in water regardless the disinfecting solution.

An infection control protocol: effectiveness of immersion solutions to reduce the microbial growth on dental prostheses

This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of an infection control protocol for cleansing and disinfecting removable dental prostheses. Sixty-four dentures were rubbed with sterile cotton swab immediately after they had been taken from patients' mouths. Samples were individually placed in the culture medium and immediately incubated at 37 +/- 2 degrees C. The dentures were scrubbed for 1 min with 4% chlorhexidine, rinsed for 1 min in sterile water and placed for 10 min in one of the following immersion solutions: 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, Biocide (iodophors) and Amosan (alkaline peroxide). After the disinfection procedures, the dentures were immersed in sterile water for 3 min, reswabbed and the samples were incubated. All samples obtained in the initial culture were contaminated with micro-organisms. All the lower dentures immersed in Biocide showed positive growth, and the upper dentures were positive for growth in six of eight dentures. The 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite and Amosan solutions have been proved effective to reduce the growth of the micro-organisms in the 10 min immersion period. The protocol evaluated in this study seems to be a viable method to prevent cross-contamination between dental personnel and patients.

Shear bond strength of aesthetic materials bonded to Ni-Cr alloy

OBJECTIVES

This study was undertaken to evaluate the shear bond strength of four materials used as aesthetic material bonded to Ni-Cr alloy.

METHODS

Sixty-eight alloy discs were prepared and divided equally into four groups, and received four treatments for veneering: conventional feldspathic porcelain (Noritake EX-3) and three light-cured prosthodontic composite resins (Artglass, Solidex and Targis). The aesthetic materials were applied after metal structure conditioning in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 7 days. A universal testing machine was used to measure the shear bond strength of the specimens at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fractured specimens were examined by using both optical and scanning electron microscope.

RESULTS

The analysis of variance and Tukey's test showed that the strongest mean shear bond was obtained with Noritake EX-3 (mean shear bond strength 42.90+/-7.82 MPa). For composites, the highest mean shear bond strength was observed for Targis (12.30+/-1.57 MPa); followed by Solidex (11.94+/-1.04 MPa) and Artglass (10.04+/-0.75 MPa). Optical analysis of the fractured surfaces indicated that for Targis and Noritake EX-3 all failures were a mixture of both cohesive and adhesive patterns. As for Artglass and Solidex, the fractures were mainly adhesive in nature.

CONCLUSIONS

The Solidex system was equivalent to the Targis system in bond strength and exhibited greater strength than the Artglass system. The porcelain fused-to-metal showed considerably higher shear bond strength than the three metal-resin bonding techniques.

Bonding strength between a hard chairside reline resin and a denture base material as influenced by surface treatment

Direct relining of dentures made with hard chairside reline resins is faster than laboratory-processed reline systems and the patient is not without the prosthesis for the time necessary to perform the laboratory procedures. However, a weak bond between the autopolymerizing acrylic reline resins and the denture base material has been observed. This study evaluated the effect of six different surface treatments on the bond strength between a hard chairside reline acrylic resin and a heat-cured acrylic resin. Specimens of the heat-cured acrylic resin were divided into seven groups. One of these groups remained intact. In the other groups, a 10-mm square section was removed from the centre of each specimen. The bonding surfaces were then treated with (i) methyl methacrylate monomer, (ii) isobutyl methacrylate monomer, (iii) chloroform, (iv) acetone, (v) experimental adhesive and (vi) no surface treatment -- control group. Kooliner acrylic resin was packed into the square sections and polymerized. The bonding strength was evaluated by a three-point loading test. The results were submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey multiple range test at a 5% level of significance. No significant difference was found between the surface treatment with Lucitone 550 monomer or chloroform, but both were stronger than the majority of the other groups. The bond strength provided by all the surface treatments was lower than that of the intact heat-cured resin.

Overlay removable partial dentures for a patient with ectodermal dysplasia: a clinical report

The orofacial characteristics of ectodermal dysplasia include anodontia or hypodontia, hypoplastic conical teeth, underdevelopment of the alveolar ridges, frontal bossing, a depressed nasal bridge, protuberant lips, and hypotrichosis. Patients with this disease often need complex prosthetic treatment. The options for a definitive treatment plan may include fixed, removable, or implant-supported prostheses, singly or in combination. However, financial constraints and other priorities can prevent patients from choosing the most desirable treatment. This clinical report describes the diagnosis and treatment of ectodermal dysplasia in an 18-year-old man. The treatment included interim removable partial dentures fabricated to establish an acceptable therapeutic occlusal vertical dimension, followed by definitive overlay removable partial dentures and composite restorations.

Estudo comparativo da anestesia com propofol ou thionembutal em cães

Os autores compararam o uso de propofol e thionembutal observando as freqüências cardíaca e respiratória e a presença das seguintes intercorrências: apnéia, tremor, bradicardia, taquicardia, taquipnéia e parada cardíaca. Foram randomizados 100 cães para serem anestesiados com propofol ou thionembutal, sendo monitorizados os parâmetros de interesse ao estudo. Foi constatado que existe importância significantemente maior em relação a ocorrência de apnéia e tremor em ambos os grupos, sendo menores com o uso de propofol. O propofol mostrou-se uma droga mais segura para a anestesia em cães do que o thionembutal.

Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength between composite resin and acrylic resin denture teeth

PURPOSE

This investigation studied the effects of 3 surface treatments on the shear bond strength of a light-activated composite resin bonded to acrylic resin denture teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The occlusal surfaces of 30 acrylic resin denture teeth were ground flat with up to 400-grit silicon carbide paper. Three different surface treatments were evaluated: (1) the flat ground surfaces were primed with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer for 180 seconds; (2) light-cured adhesive resin was applied and light polymerized according to the manufacturer's instructions; and (3) treatment 1 followed by treatment 2. The composite resin was packed on the prepared surfaces using a split mold. The interface between tooth and composite was loaded at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure.

RESULTS

Analysis of variance indicated significant differences between the surface treatments. Results of mean comparisons using Tukey's test showed that significantly higher shear bond strengths were developed by bonding composite resin to the surfaces that were previously treated with MMA and then with the bonding agent when compared to the other treatments.

CONCLUSION

Combined surface treatment of MMA monomer followed by application of light-cured adhesive resin provided the highest shear bond strength between composite resin and acrylic resin denture teeth.

[Social representations in nursing: commentaries on theses and dissertations]

The starting point of this work consists on a revision of thesis and dissertations developed by nurses aiming to check how the social representation was used as a theoretical referential on these researches. Through a systematic reading of these works some points were dettached, as thematic, main result as and reflections proposed in order to atain professional practice nursing. It was ascertained from the analysed work that this theoretical referential is used by nurses, and that some studies developed introduce significative results from these professionals.