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Rodrigues ÉF, Fachin AL, Marins M, Stabeli RG, Beleboni RO. Challenges in recombinant brain-derived neurotrophic factor production. Trends Biotechnol 2023:S0167-7799(23)00325-6. [PMID: 38008688 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin of marked commercial, scientific, diagnostic, and therapeutic interest. The preservation of its structural cystine-knot is the main challenge in its industrial production. A suitable expression system is critical to achieve the most efficient production of bioactive and stable BDNF for pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éllen F Rodrigues
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana L Fachin
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Medicine School, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mozart Marins
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Medicine School, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Pharmacy School, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Stabeli
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz-SP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renê O Beleboni
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Medicine School, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Pharmacy School, University of Ribeirão Preto/UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Anselmo DB, Polaquini CR, Marques BC, Ayusso GM, Assis LR, Torrezan GS, Rahal P, Fachin AL, Calmon MF, Marins MA, Regasini LO. Curcumin-cinnamaldehyde hybrids as antiproliferative agents against women’s cancer cells. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Ferreira LE, Benincasa BI, Fachin AL, França SC, Contini SS, Chagas AC, Beleboni RO. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil and its main component thymol: Anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus from sheep. Vet Parasitol 2016; 228:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Reis SL, Mantello AG, Macedo JM, Gelfuso EA, da Silva CP, Fachin AL, Cardoso AM, Beleboni RO. Typical Monoterpenes as Insecticides and Repellents against Stored Grain Pests. Molecules 2016; 21:258. [PMID: 26907246 PMCID: PMC6273480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five monoterpenes naturally occurring in essential oils were tested for their insecticidal and repellent activities against the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus and the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. The monoterpenes were highly efficient as inducers of mortality or repellency against both insect species. They were more efficient in their fumigant activity against C. maculatus than against S. zeamais, while this profile of action was inverted when considering the repellent activities. Eugenol was one the most effective fumigants against both insects and one the most effective repellent against C. maculatus, while citronellal and geranial were one the most effective repellents against S. zeamais. Functional and positional isomerism of the monoterpenes pairs appears to exert little or no influence on theirs effects, especially in case of repellency. The validation of the insecticidal/repellent efficacy of isolated monoterpenes may permit a more advantageous, rapid, economic and optimized approach to the identification of promising oils for commercial formulations when combined with ethnobotanical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen L Reis
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Anieli G Mantello
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Jeferson M Macedo
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Erica A Gelfuso
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Cássio P da Silva
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana L Fachin
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre M Cardoso
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Barretos, São Paulo 14781-502, Brazil.
| | - Rene O Beleboni
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14096-900, Brazil.
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5
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Pinhanelli VC, Costa PNM, Silva G, Aguiar DM, Silva CML, Fachin AL, Marins M. Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Ehrlichia canis DNA in naturally infected dogs using the p30 gene. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17885-92. [PMID: 26782434 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.22.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a common tick-borne disease caused by the rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia canis (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae). In view of the different stages and variable clinical signs of CME, which can overlap with those of other infections, a conclusive diagnosis can more readily be obtained by combining clinical and hematological evaluations with molecular diagnostic methods. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the p30 gene of E. canis was developed. The assay was developed using DNA extracted from E. canis-infected cultures of the macrophage cell line DH82 and samples from dogs testing positive for E. canis DNA by PCR. The LAMP assay was compared to a p30-based PCR assay, using DNA extracted from EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples of 137 dogs from an endemic region in Brazil. The LAMP assay was sensitive enough to detect a single copy of the target gene, and identified 74 (54.0%) E. canis DNA-positive samples, while the p30 PCR assay detected 50 positive samples (36.5%) among the field samples. Agreement between the two assays was observed in 42 positive and 55 negative samples. However, 32 positive samples that were not detected by the PCR assay were identified by the LAMP assay, while eight samples identified as E. canis-positive by PCR showed negative results in LAMP. The developed E. canis LAMP assay showed the potential to maximize the use of nucleic acid tests in a veterinary clinical laboratory, and to improve the diagnosis of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Pinhanelli
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - P N M Costa
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - G Silva
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - D M Aguiar
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - C M L Silva
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A L Fachin
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M Marins
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Melo JO, Fachin AL, Rizo WF, Jesus HCR, Arrigoni-Blank MF, Alves PB, Marins MA, França SC, Blank AF. Cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Lippia gracilis Schauer genotypes on HeLa, B16, and MCF-7 cells and normal human fibroblasts. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:2691-7. [PMID: 24782082 DOI: 10.4238/2014.april.8.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oils from three genotypes of Lippia gracilis Schauer (Verbenaceae) and investigate the cytotoxic activities of these oils. Essential oils were extracted from the leaves using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and chemical analysis was performed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and flame ionization detector. 3T3, MRC5, B16, HeLa, and MCF-7 cell lines were used to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oils, and the level of cell death was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test with three replicates. The cytotoxic activity was expressed as the concentration that inhibited 50% of cell growth. The main compound in the essential oil of LGRA-106 was thymol (40.52%), while LGRA-109 and LGRA-201 contained 45.84 and 32.60% carvacrol, respectively, as their major compound. The essential oils of L. gracilis showed cytotoxic activity against both normal and tumor cells at concentrations below 100 μg/mL; this demonstrated the antitumor potential of these essential oils, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - A L Fachin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - W F Rizo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - H C R Jesus
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - M F Arrigoni-Blank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - P B Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - M A Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - S C França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A F Blank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
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7
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Arevabini C, Crivelenti YD, de Abreu MH, Bitencourt TA, Santos MFC, Berlinck RGS, Hajdu E, Beleboni RO, Fachin AL, Marins M. Antifungal Activity of Metabolites from the Marine Sponges Amphimedon sp. and Monanchora arbuscula against Aspergillus flavus Strains Isolated from Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of preharvest and stored peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) by aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus is an important economical and food safety problem in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The present investigation reports the antifungal activity of a halitoxins/amphitoxins enriched extract obtained from the sponge Amphimedon sp. (HAEEAsp), and of batzelladine L isolated from the sponge Monanchora arbuscula on Aspergillus flavus isolated from stored peanuts. A PCR system directed against the ITS region and aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes of A. flavus was applied for identification of aflatoxin producing strains. The HAEEAsp extract and batzelladine L showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range between 1.9 to 15.6 μg/mL and between 1.9 to 7.8 μg/mL, respectively. The minimal fungicide concentration (MFC) of HAEEAsp extract and batzelladine L was in the range between 3.9 to 31.3 μg/mL and 3.9 to 15.6 μg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that these marine alkaloids may be further explored for the development of potential lead compounds active against aflatoxigenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Arevabini
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14096–900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Yasmin D. Crivelenti
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14096–900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana H. de Abreu
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14096–900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamires A. Bitencourt
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14096–900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário F. C. Santos
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560–970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto G. S. Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560–970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renê O. Beleboni
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14096–900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana L. Fachin
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14096–900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mozart Marins
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14096–900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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8
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Alves TB, Faggion SA, Santos EV, Roberto PG, França SC, Fachin AL, Marins M. Real-time PCR-based study of haemotrophic mycoplasmas in dogs from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4067/s0301-732x2014000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Arevabini C, Crivelenti YD, de Abreu MH, Bitencourt TA, Santos MFC, Berlinck RGS, Hajdu E, Beleboni RO, Fachin AL, Marins M. Antifungal activity of metabolites from the marine sponges Amphimedon sp. and Monanchora arbuscula against Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:33-36. [PMID: 24660456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of preharvest and stored peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) by aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus is an important economical and food safety problem in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The present investigation reports the antifungal activity of a halitoxins/amphitoxins enriched extract obtained from the sponge Amphimedon sp. (HAEEAsp), and of batzelladine L isolated from the sponge Monanchora arbuscula on Aspergillus flavus isolated from stored peanuts. A PCR system directed against the ITS region and aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes of A. flavus was applied for identification of aflatoxin producing strains. The HAEEAsp extract and batzelladine L showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range between 1.9 to 15.6 microg/mL and between 1.9 to 7.8 microg/mL, respectively. The minimal fungicide concentration (MFC) of HAEEAsp extract and batzelladine L was in the range between 3.9 to 31.3 microg/mL and 3.9 to 15.6 microg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that these marine alkaloids may be further explored for the development of potential lead compounds active against aflatoxigenic fungi.
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Santos EV, Silva G, Cardozo GP, Bitencourt TA, França SC, Fachin AL, Marins M. In silico characterization of three two-component systems of Ehrlichia canis and evaluation of a natural plant-derived inhibitor. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:3576-84. [PMID: 23096683 DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two-component signal transduction systems (TCS) are important elements in the interaction of endobacteria with host cells. They are basically composed of two proteins, an environmental signal sensor and a response regulator, which activate genes involved in a wide range of bacterial responses to their environment. We analyzed three sets of genes corresponding to TCS of Ehrlichia canis, a common tick-borne canine pathogen and the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in order to identify the characteristic domains of the sensor and response regulator components. Analysis of sequence alignments of the corresponding proteins indicated a high degree of similarity to other members of the Anaplasmataceae TCS proteins, demonstrating that they could be useful as universal targets for development of new drugs against these bacteria. We also evaluated by quantitative PCR inhibition of E. canis by (2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (BOA), the core compound of the plant phenolic compound DIMBOA, which shows inhibitory action against TCS of the phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefasciens. This bacterium exerts its pathogenicity by transferring oncogenic DNA (T-DNA) into plant cells; this transfer is mediated through a type-IV secretion system, which is regulated by the VirA/VirG TCS. The process of infection and pathogenesis of E. canis is associated with the secretion of effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm through a T4SS system, which blocks the cell defense response. We suggest that BOA, and possibly other plant phenolic compounds that are TCS inhibitors, can be exploited in the search for new antiehrlichial drugs to be used alone or as complements in the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Santos
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Cardozo GP, Santos EV, Fachin AL, França SC, Marins M. A glass bead protocol for recovery of host cell free Ehrlichia canis and quantification by Sybr-green real-time PCR. BIOCELL 2011; 35:35-36. [PMID: 21667670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
E. canis infection of the canine cell line DH82 is a routine in studies with this bacteria. A protocol for isolation of host cell free bacteria was developed based on the use of glass beads. Improvement of infection with E. canis isolated by this method was detected by real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Cardozo
- Unidade de Biotecnologia, UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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12
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Mello SS, Fachin AL, Junta CM, Sandrin-Garcia P, Donadi EA, Passos GAS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Delayed effects of exposure to a moderate radiation dose on transcription profiles in human primary fibroblasts. Environ Mol Mutagen 2011; 52:117-129. [PMID: 20839223 DOI: 10.1002/em.20591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is used in a wide variety of medical and nonmedical applications and poses a potential threat to human health. Knowledge of changes in gene expression in irradiated cells may be helpful for the establishment of effective paradigms for radiation protection. IR-induced DNA damage triggers a complex cascade of signal transduction. Recently, genome-wide approaches have allowed the detection of alterations in gene expression across a wide range of radiation doses. However, the delayed or long-term biological effects of mild-doses of IR remain largely unknown. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a moderate dose of gamma-rays (50 cGy) on gene expression 6 days post-irradiation. Gene expression using cDNA microarrays revealed statistically significant changes in the expression of 59 genes (FDR < 0.07), whose functions are related to cell-cycle control, protein trafficking, ubiquitin cycle, Rho-GTPAse pathway, protein phosphatase signalization, oxidoreductase control, and stress response. A set of 464 genes was also selected by a less stringent approach, and we demonstrate that this broader set of genes can efficiently distinguish the irradiated samples from the unirradiated, defining a long-term IR signature in human primary fibroblasts. Our findings support the existence of persistent responses to mild doses of IR detectable by changes in gene expression profiles. These results provide insight into delayed effects observed in human primary cells as well as the role of long-term response in neoplastic transformation. Environ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephano S Mello
- Departamento de Genética-Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sandrin-Garcia P, Junta CM, Fachin AL, Mello SS, Baião AMT, Rassi DM, Ferreira MCT, Trevisan GL, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Louzada-Júnior P, Passos GAS, Donadi EA. Shared and unique gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus depending on disease activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1173:493-500. [PMID: 19758191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients presenting with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) manifestations may exhibit distinct pathogenetic features in relation to inactive SLE. Also, cDNA microarrays may potentially discriminate the gene expression profile of a disease or disease variant. Therefore, we evaluated the expression profile of 4500 genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of SLE patients. We studied 11 patients with SLE (seven with active SLE and four with inactive SLE) and eight healthy controls. Total RNA was isolated from PBL, reverse transcribed into cDNA, and postlabeled with Cy3 fluorochrome. These probes were then hybridized to a glass slide cDNA microarray containing 4500 human IMAGE cDNA target sequences. An equimolar amount of total RNA from human cell lines served as reference. The microarray images were quantified, normalized, and analyzed using the R environment (ANOVA, significant analysis of microarrays, and cluster-tree view algorithms). Disease activity was assessed by the SLE disease activity index. Compared to the healthy controls, 104 genes in active SLE patients (80 repressed and 24 induced) and 52 genes in nonactive SLE patients (31 induced and 21 repressed) were differentially expressed. The modulation of 12 genes, either induced or repressed, was found in both disease variants; however, each disease variant had differential expression of different genes. Taken together, these results indicate that the two lupus variants studied have common and unique differentially expressed genes. Although the biological significance of the differentially expressed genes discussed above has not been completely understood, they may serve as a platform to further explore the molecular basis of immune deregulation in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sandrin-Garcia
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group (Department of Genetics), Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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14
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Bassi C, Mello SS, Cardoso RS, Godoy PDV, Fachin AL, Junta CM, Sandrin-Garcia P, Carlotti CG, Falcão RP, Donadi EA, Passos GAS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Transcriptional changes in U343 MG-a glioblastoma cell line exposed to ionizing radiation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 27:919-29. [PMID: 19273547 DOI: 10.1177/0960327108102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive and radioresistant brain tumor. Aiming to study how glioma cells respond to gamma-rays in terms of biological processes involved in cellular responses, we performed experiments at cellular context and gene expression analysis in U343-MG-a GBM cells irradiated with 1 Gy and collected at 6 h post-irradiation. The survival rate was approximately 61% for 1 Gy and was completely reduced at 16 Gy. By performing the microarray technique, 859 cDNA clones were analyzed. The Significance Analysis of Microarray algorithm indicated 196 significant expressed genes (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.42%): 67 down-regulated and 97 up-regulated genes, which belong to several classes: metabolism, adhesion/cytoskeleton, signal transduction, cell cycle/apoptosis, membrane transport, DNA repair/DNA damage signaling, transcription factor, intracellular signaling, and RNA processing. Differential expression patterns of five selected genes (HSPA9B, INPP5A, PIP5K1A, FANCG, and TPP2) observed by the microarray analysis were further confirmed by the quantitative real time RT-PCR method, which demonstrated an up-regulation status of those genes. These results indicate a broad spectrum of biological processes (which may reflect the radio-resistance of U343 cells) that were altered in irradiated glioma cells, so as to guarantee cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cl Bassi
- Department of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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D'Arce LPG, Bassi CL, Fachin AL, Passos GAS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Occurrence of TRGV-BJ hybrid gene in SV40-transformed fibroblast cell lines. Genetica 2009; 136:471-8. [PMID: 19142737 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Illegitimate V(D)J-recombination in lymphoid malignancies involves rearrangements in immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor genes, and these rearrangements may play a role in oncogenic events. High frequencies of TRGV-BJ hybrid gene (rearrangement between the TRB and TRG loci at 7q35 and 7p14-15, respectively) have been detected in lymphocytes from patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT), and also in patients with lymphoid malignancies. Although the TRGV-BJ gene has been described only in T-lymphocytes, we previously detected the presence of TRGV-BJ hybrid gene in the genomic DNA extracted from SV40-transformed AT5BIVA fibroblasts from an AT patient. Aiming to determine whether the AT phenotype or the SV40 transformation could be responsible for the production of the hybrid gene by illegitimate V(D)J-recombination, DNA samples were extracted from primary and SV40-transformed (normal and AT) cell lines, following Nested-PCR with TRGV- and TRBJ-specific primers. The hybrid gene was only detected in SV40-transformed fibroblasts (AT-5BIVA and MRC-5). Sequence alignment of the cloned PCR products using the BLAST program confirmed that the fragments corresponded to the TRGV-BJ hybrid gene. The present results indicate that the rearrangement can be produced in nonlymphoid cells, probably as a consequence of the genomic instability caused by the SV40-transformation, and independently of ATM gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P G D'Arce
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Mutagênese, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Fuzii HT, Yoshikawa GT, Junta CM, Sandrin-Garcia P, Fachin AL, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Donadi EA, Passos GAS, Andrade LEC. Affected and non-affected skin fibroblasts from systemic sclerosis patients share a gene expression profile deviated from the one observed in healthy individuals. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:866-874. [PMID: 19032821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the gene expression profile of fibroblasts from affected and non-affected skin of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and from controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Labeled cDNA from fibroblast cultures from forearm (affected) and axillary (non-affected) skin from six diffuse SSc patients, from three normal controls, and from MOLT-4/HEp-2/normal fibroblasts (reference pool) was probed in microarrays generated with 4193 human cDNAs from the IMAGE Consortium. Microarray images were converted into numerical data and gene expression was calculated as the ratio between fibroblast cDNA (Cy5) and reference pool cDNA (Cy3) data and analyzed by R environment/Aroma, Cluster, Tree View, and SAM softwares. Differential expression was confirmed by real time PCR for a set of selected genes. RESULTS Eighty-eight genes were up- and 241 genes down-regulated in SSc fibroblasts. Gene expression correlation was strong between affected and non-affected fibroblast samples from the same patient (r>0.8), moderate among fibroblasts from all patients (r=0.72) and among fibroblasts from all controls (r=0.70), and modest among fibroblasts from patients and controls (r=0.55). The differential expression was confirmed by real time PCR for all selected genes. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblasts from affected and non-affected skin of SSc patients shared a similar abnormal gene expression profile, suggesting that the widespread molecular disturbance in SSc fibroblasts is more sensitive than histological and clinical alterations. Novel molecular elements potentially involved in SSc pathogenesis were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Fuzii
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rheumatology Division-São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Fachin AL, Mello SS, Sandrin-Garcia P, Junta CM, Donadi EA, Passos GAS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Gene expression profiles in human lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with low doses of gamma rays. Radiat Res 2008; 168:650-65. [PMID: 18088177 DOI: 10.1667/rr0487.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying responses to low radiation doses are still unknown, especially in normal lymphocytes, despite the evidence suggesting specific changes that may characterize cellular responses. Our purpose was to analyze gene expression profiles by DNA microarrays in human lymphocytes after in vitro irradiation (10, 25 and 50 cGy) with gamma rays. A cytogenetic analysis was also carried out for different radiation doses. G 0 lymphocytes were irradiated and induced to proliferate for 48 h; then RNA samples were collected for gene expression analysis. ANOVA was applied to data obtained in four experiments with four healthy donors, followed by SAM analysis and hierarchical clustering. For 10, 25 and 50 cGy, the numbers of significantly (FDR <or= 0.05) modulated genes were 86, 130 and 142, respectively, and 25, 35 and 33 genes were exclusively modulated for each dose, respectively. We found CYP4X1, MAPK10 and ATF6 (10 cGy), DUSP16 and RAD51L1 (25 cGy), and RAD50, REV3L and DCLRE1A (50 cGy). A set of 34 significant genes was common for all doses; while SERPINB2 and C14orf104 were up-regulated, CREB3L2, DDX49, STK25 and XAB2 were down-regulated. Chromosome damage was significantly induced for doses >or=10 cGy (total aberrations) and >or=50 cGy (dicentrics/ rings). Therefore, low to moderate radiation doses induced qualitative and/or quantitative differences and similarities in transcript profiles, reflecting the type and extent of DNA lesions. The main biological processes associated with modulated genes were metabolism, stress response/DNA repair, cell growth/differentiation, and transcription regulation. The results indicate a potential risk to humans regarding the development of genetic instability and acquired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Fachin
- Departamento de Genética e, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Silva SS, Tavares AHFP, Passos-Silva DG, Fachin AL, Teixeira SMR, Soares CMA, Carvalho MJA, Bocca AL, Silva-Pereira I, Passos GAS, Felipe MSS. Transcriptional response of murine macrophages upon infection with opsonized Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells. Microbes Infect 2007; 10:12-20. [PMID: 18096424 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 09/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiologic agent of the Paracoccidioidomycosis the most common systemic mycosis in Latin America. Little is known about the regulation of genes involved in the innate immune host response to P. brasiliensis. We therefore examined the kinetic profile of gene expression of peritoneal macrophage infected with P. brasiliensis. Total RNA from macrophages at 6, 24 and 48h was extracted, hybridized onto nylon membranes and analyzed. An increase in the transcription of a number of pro-inflammatory molecules encoding membrane proteins, metalloproteases, involved in adhesion and phagocytosis, are described. We observed also the differential expression of genes whose products may cause apoptotic events induced at 24h. In addition, considering the simultaneous analyses of differential gene expression for the pathogen reported before by our group, at six hours post infection, we propose a model at molecular level for the P. brasiliensis-macrophage early interaction. In this regard, P. brasiliensis regulates genes specially related to stress and macrophages, at the same time point, up-regulate genes related to inflammation and phagocytosis, probably as an effort to counteract infection by the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simoneide S Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
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19
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Tavares AHFP, Silva SS, Dantas A, Campos EG, Andrade RV, Maranhão AQ, Brígido MM, Passos-Silva DG, Fachin AL, Teixeira SMR, Passos GAS, Soares CMA, Bocca AL, Carvalho MJA, Silva-Pereira I, Felipe MSS. Early transcriptional response of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis upon internalization by murine macrophages. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:583-90. [PMID: 17387029 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermal dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of the most common systemic mycosis in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis. The yeast form of P. brasiliensis acts as a facultative intracellular pathogen being able to survive and replicate within the phagosome of nonactivated murine and human macrophages. This ability has been proposed to be crucial to the development of disease. Thus, P. brasiliensis may have evolved mechanisms that counteract the constraints imposed by phagocytic cells. By using cDNA microarray technology we evaluated the early transcriptional response of this fungus to the environment of peritoneal murine macrophages in order to shed light on the mechanisms used by P. brasiliensis to survive within phagocytic cells. Of the 1152 genes analyzed, we identified 152 genes that were differentially transcribed. Intracellularly expressed genes were primarily associated with glucose and amino acid limitation, cell wall construction, and oxidative stress. For the first time, a comprehensive gene expression tool is used for the expression analysis of P. brasiliensis genes when interacting with macrophages. Overall, our data show a transcriptional plasticity of P. brasiliensis in response to the harsh environment of macrophages which may lead to adaptation and consequent survival of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Henrique F P Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília-Unb Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro-Asa Norte 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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20
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Ferreira-Nozawa MS, Silveira HCS, Ono CJ, Fachin AL, Rossi A, Martinez-Rossi NM. The pH signaling transcription factor PacC mediates the growth of Trichophyton rubrum on human nail in vitro. Med Mycol 2007; 44:641-5. [PMID: 17071558 DOI: 10.1080/13693780600876553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the isolation, molecular cloning and initial characterization of the Trichophytonrubrum pacC gene, which encodes a putative protein that is homologous to the PacC/Rim101p family of pH signaling transcription regulators. The promoter region of the T. rubrumpacC gene contains four recognition sites 5'-GCCAAG-3' for the PacC protein, suggesting that the transcription of this gene itself could be induced under alkaline growth conditions. The enhanced expression profile of the T. rubrumpacC gene in an alkaline environment was confirmed by Northern blotting analysis. We also report that the disruption of pacC gene decreased both the secretion of keratinolytic proteases and the ability of the mutant pacC-1 to grow on human nail fragments as the sole source of nutrition, i.e., growth of the dermatophyte T. rubrum appear to be related to molecular events which depend on the action of protein PacC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Ferreira-Nozawa
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Rassi DM, Junta CM, Fachin AL, Sandrin-Garcia P, Mello SS, Fernandes APM, Deghaide NNHS, Foss-Freitas MC, Foss MC, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Passos GAS, Donadi EA. Is HLA Class II Profile Relevant for the Study of Large-Scale Differentially Expressed Genes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1079:305-9. [PMID: 17130570 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1375.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified 30 differentially expressed genes when comparing recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) patients and controls paired for sex, age, and ethnic background. In this article we performed the hierarchical clustering of these genes taking into account the human-leukocyte-antigen (HLA)-DRB1/DQB1 profile. The dendrogram obtained using the Cluster program grouped patients and controls into three clusters, one including individuals with no susceptibility alleles, another including individuals with at least three susceptibility alleles, and a third intermingling susceptibility/protective alleles. In addition to other variables, the results of the present article suggest that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II profile may be of relevance for the study of a large-scale differentially expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Rassi
- Divisão de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, 14049-900 São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
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22
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Trevisan GL, Rassi DM, Baião AMT, Sandrin-Garcia P, Mello SS, Tamia-Ferreira MC, Junta CM, Fachin AL, Marques MMC, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Donadi EA, Passos GAS. Using cDNA microarrays to identify human CD19+ B cell gene products (ESTs) originated from systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility loci. Autoimmun Rev 2006; 5:319-23. [PMID: 16782556 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype of autoimmune disease which arises from interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Despite the heterogeneous manifestations in this disease, all SLE patients present plasma autoantibodies recognizing nuclear components. Thus, auto reactive B cells represent key effectors to be investigated. Human linkage analysis is providing the localization of susceptibility loci distributed in chromosomes contributing to elucidate the manner in which interactions between these loci mediate SLE pathogenesis. We associate the cDNA microarray technology to investigate the differential gene expression of CD19(+) B cells with genetic linkage data. Bioinformatics programs served to evidentiate the differentially expressed sequences and the design of the microarray allowed hierarchical clustering of patients and controls. Sequencing allowed the identification of 8 new gene products differentially expressed (ESTs) that were co-localized in SLE or other autoimmune diseases susceptibility loci on chromosome 1p21, 2q21, 13q33, 16p12.1 and 16q12.1. These findings strongly suggest that chromosomal regions previously identified as SLE susceptibility loci are in fact transcribed in CD19(+) B cells of patients. In this review, we delineate a new possibility for the use of cDNA microarrays in studies focusing the control of gene expression of disease susceptibility loci identified by genetic linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauce L Trevisan
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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23
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Cervelatti EP, Fachin AL, Ferreira-Nozawa MS, Martinez-Rossi NM. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel ABC transporter gene in the human pathogenTrichophyton rubrum. Med Mycol 2006; 44:141-7. [PMID: 16519017 DOI: 10.1080/13693780500220449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding an ABC transporter in the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum, TruMDR1, was cloned by PCR using degenerate primers. The open reading frame of TruMDR1 is 4838 bp long and the deduced amino acid sequence shows high homology with ABC transporters involved in drug efflux of other fungi. The effect of chemicals on the expression level of mRNAs of this gene was analysed by Northern blot. An increase in expression level was observed when the fungus was exposed to ethidium bromide, ketoconazole, cycloheximide, fluconazole, griseofulvin, imazalil and itraconazole, suggesting the participation of this gene in drug efflux in this dermatophyte. The identification of a gene potentially involved in cellular detoxification in a pathogenic fungus is the first step towards knowing molecular events related to antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane P Cervelatti
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeiräo Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Felipe MSS, Andrade RV, Arraes FBM, Nicola AM, Maranhão AQ, Torres FAG, Silva-Pereira I, Poças-Fonseca MJ, Campos EG, Moraes LMP, Andrade PA, Tavares AHFP, Silva SS, Kyaw CM, Souza DP, Pereira M, Jesuíno RSA, Andrade EV, Parente JA, Oliveira GS, Barbosa MS, Martins NF, Fachin AL, Cardoso RS, Passos GAS, Almeida NF, Walter MEMT, Soares CMA, Carvalho MJA, Brígido MM. Transcriptional Profiles of the Human Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Mycelium and Yeast Cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:24706-14. [PMID: 15849188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500625200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in Latin America. This report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. The data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those that are up- or down-regulated as assessed by in silico electronic subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Also, a significant differential expression pattern in mycelium and yeast cells was detected, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, providing insights into differential metabolic adaptations. The overall transcriptome analysis provided information about sequences related to the cell cycle, stress response, drug resistance, and signal transduction pathways of the pathogen. Novel P. brasiliensis genes have been identified, probably corresponding to proteins that should be addressed as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sueli S Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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25
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Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Mello SS, Pereira E, Fachin AL, Cardoso RS, Junta CM, Sandrin-Garcia P, Donadi EA, Passos GAS. Gene expression profiles in human cells submitted to genotoxic stress. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 2003; 544:403-13. [PMID: 14644343 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell response to genotoxic agents is complex and involves the participation of different classes of genes (DNA repair, cell cycle control, signal transduction, apoptosis and oncogenesis). In this report, we present three approaches to document gene expression profiles, dealing with the evaluation of cellular responses to genotoxic agents (gamma-rays from 60Cobalt and cyclophosphamide). We used the method of cDNA arrays to analyze the differential gene expression profiles that were displayed by lymphocytes from radiation-exposed individuals, a human fibroblast cell line, and T lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who were treated with cyclophosphamide. A preliminary analysis performed in lymphocytes from three radiation-workers showed that several induced genes can be associated with cell response to ionizing radiation: TRRAP (cell cycle regulation), Ligase IV (DNA repair), MAPK8IP1 and MAPK10 (signal transduction), RASSF2 (apoptosis induction/tumorigenesis), p53 (damage response/maintenance of genetic stability). The in vitro irradiated normal VH16 cell line (primary) showed a complex response to the genotoxic stress at the molecular level. Many apoptotic pathways were concomitantly induced. In addition, several genes involved in signaling and cell cycle arrest/control were significantly modulated after irradiation. Many genes involved in oxidative damage were also induced, indicating that this mechanism seems to be an important component of cell response. After treatment of the SLE patients with cyclophosphamide, 154 genes were differentially and significantly induced. Among them, we identified those associated with drug detoxification, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and tumor-suppressor. These findings indicate that at least two apoptotic pathways were induced after cyclophosphamide treatment. The induction of APAF1 and two genes coding for two subunits of cytochrome c supports a previous report showing increased apoptosis in lymphocytes from SLE patients. The present study provides new information on the molecular mechanism underlying the cell response to genotoxic stress, with relevance to basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza T Sakamoto-Hojo
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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26
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Abstract
The electrophoretic pattern of the intracellular esterase of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum was altered when this fungus was grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of the antimycotics tioconazole or griseofulvin. All strains (original isolate and antimycotic resistant mutants) presented five clearly visible bands when cultivated on medium containing below-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of tioconazole or griseofulvin, and only two clearly visible bands when cultivated in medium without antimycotics. No extra bands were detected in the electrophoretic patterns of the extracellular esterase of these fungi (mutants or the original isolate) when cultivated with or without tioconazole or griseofulvin (sub-MIC values). These results suggest that additional forms of esterase are produced inside the cell and may be a nonspecific response to cellular stress, or may participate in cellular detoxification processes in the presence of these antimycotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Fachin
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Pereira M, Fachin AL, Martinez-Rossi NM. The gene that determines resistance to tioconazole and to acridine derivatives in Aspergillus nidulans may have a corresponding gene in Trichophyton rubrum. Mycopathologia 1999; 143:71-5. [PMID: 10205888 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006919009621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic mechanisms involved in resistance to antifungal agents is important in the fight against pathogenic fungi. In the present investigation we studied a strain of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans which presents resistance to tioconazole and behaves as the wild strain in the presence of other azole derivatives. Genetic analysis revealed that this resistance is due to a mutation in a single gene located on chromosome II, closely linked to the allele responsible for resistance to acriflavine and other acridine derivatives, i.e., acrA1. This result suggests that a multidrug resistance (MDR)-type mechanisms may be involved. Two tioconazole-resistant strains of the pathogenic fungus Trichophyton rubrum obtained after mutagenic treatment also became simultaneously resistant to acriflavine and ethidium bromide, suggesting the existence of a resistance mechanism similar to that observed with the acrA1 mutation in A. nidulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pereira
- Departamento de Genetica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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28
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Fachin AL, Maffei CM, Martinez-Rossi NM. In vitro susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum isolates to griseofulvin and tioconazole. Induction and isolation of a resistant mutant to both antimycotic drugs. Mutant of Trichophyton rubrum resistant to griseofulvin and tioconazole. Mycopathologia 1996; 135:141-3. [PMID: 9066154 DOI: 10.1007/bf00632334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro susceptibility of three clinical Trichophyton rubrum isolates to griseofulvin and tioconazole, determined by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), was 2 and 0.5 to 1.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. One mutant (gril) obtained after mutagenic treatment of one of these isolates was selected and showed simultaneous resistance to griseofulvin (MIC > 2000 micrograms/ml) and tioconazole (MIC = 1.0 microgram/ml). The clinical importance and the possibility of a multidrug resistance (MDR)-type mechanism being involved in this event is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Fachin
- Departamento de Genetica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil
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