1
|
Hernández A, Domènech M, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Carrato C, Balana C. Glioblastoma: Relationship between Metabolism and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123529. [PMID: 34944036 PMCID: PMC8700075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults and is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Different factors shaping this tumor microenvironment (TME) regulate tumor initiation, progression, and treatment response. Genetic alterations and metabolism pathways are two main elements that influence tumor immune cells and TME. In this manuscript, we review how both factors can contribute to an immunosuppressive state and overview the strategies being tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Hernández
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Marta Domènech
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Ana M. Muñoz-Mármol
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.M.M.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.M.M.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carmen Balana
- B·ARGO (Badalona Applied Research Group of Oncology) Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (A.H.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-4978925
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Centeno C, Serra Mitja P, Avila M, Carcereny E, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Moran T, Castellà E, Sanz-Santos J, García-Olivè I, Ramirez Serrano JL, Rosell Gratacos A, Andreo García F. Molecular analysis in cytological samples obtained by endobronchial or oesophageal ultrasound guided needle aspiration in non-small cell lung cancer. Pulmonology 2020; 28:28-33. [PMID: 32507497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytological samples obtained by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) are capital for diagnosis, staging and molecular profile in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). OBJECTIVE To assess the success rate of complete, partial and individual of molecular analysis in samples obtained by EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) and/or by oesophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration with an echobronchoscope (EUS-B-FNA) in patients with NSCLC. METHODS Prospective study including 90 patients with non-squamous NSCLC, or non-smoking squamous. Cytological samples were classified into two groups. Group 1: PEN membrane slide and/or cell blocks for the determination of mutations of EGFR, KRAS, ERBB2 and BRAF. Group 2: silane coated slides or cell blocks for rearrangements of ALK, ROS1 and MET amplification. RESULTS The success rate was 78.6% for 4 molecular alterations (EGFR, KRAS, ALK and ROS1), and 44% for 7 determinations. The individual success rate for EGFR was 97%, KRAS 96.3%, ALK 85%, ROS1 82.3%, ERBB2 71.4%, BRAF 67.7% and MET 81.1%. There were no significant differences (p=0.489) in the number of molecular analyses (1-3 vs. 4) in group 1, depending on the types of samples (cell block vs. PEN membrane slide vs. cell block and PEN membrane slide). CONCLUSIONS In patients with NSCLC, the cytological material obtained by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration is sufficient for individual and partial molecular analysis in the vast majority of cases. Membrane slides such as cell blocks are valid samples for molecular analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Centeno
- Bronchoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - P Serra Mitja
- Bronchoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Avila
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Carcereny
- Oncology Department, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Institut Catala d' Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M Muñoz-Mármol
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Moran
- Oncology Department, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Institut Catala d' Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Castellà
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Sanz-Santos
- Bronchoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I García-Olivè
- Bronchoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Ramirez Serrano
- Oncology Department, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Institut Catala d' Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rosell Gratacos
- Bronchoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERES, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Andreo García
- Bronchoscopy Unit, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERES, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clavé S, Gimeno J, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Vidal J, Reguart N, Carcereny E, Pijuan L, Menéndez S, Taus Á, Mate JL, Serrano S, Albanell J, Espinet B, Arriola E, Salido M. ROS1 copy number alterations are frequent in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8019-28. [PMID: 26783962 PMCID: PMC4884972 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to determine the prevalence and partners of ROS1 rearrangements, to explore the correlation between FISH and IHC assays, and to investigate clinical implications of ROS1 copy number alterations (CNAs). Methods A total of 314 NSCLC patients were screened using ROS1 FISH break-apart probes. Of these, 47 surgical tumors were included in TMAs to analyze ROS1 heterogeneity assessed either by FISH and IHC, and chromosome 6 aneusomy. To characterize ROS1 partners, probes for CD74, EZR, SLC34A2 and SDC3 genes were developed. ROS1 positive FISH cases were screened also by IHC. Results Five patients were ROS1 positive (1.8%). We identified two known fusion partners in three patients: CD74 and SLC34A2. Four out of five ROS1 rearranged patients were female, never smokers and with adenocarcinoma histology. Rearranged cases were also positive by IHC as well. According to ROS1 CNAs, we found a prevalence of 37.8% gains/amplifications and 25.1% deletions. Conclusions This study point out the high prevalence of ROS1 CNAs in a large series of NSCLC. ROS1 gains, amplifications and deletions, most of them due to chromosome 6 polysomy or monosomy, were heterogeneous within a tumor and had no impact on overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Clavé
- Laboratori de Citogenètica Molecular, Servei de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Programa de Recerca en Càncer, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gimeno
- Servei de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Muñoz-Mármol
- Servei de Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joana Vidal
- Servei de Oncologia Mèdica, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Reguart
- Servei de Oncologia Mèdica, ICMHO, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Carcereny
- Departament de Oncologia Mèdica, Institut Català de Oncologia (ICO), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Lara Pijuan
- Servei de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Menéndez
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Taus
- Servei de Oncologia Mèdica, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Mate
- Servei de Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Albanell
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Oncologia Mèdica, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Espinet
- Laboratori de Citogenètica Molecular, Servei de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Programa de Recerca en Càncer, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain.,Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton. Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Salido
- Laboratori de Citogenètica Molecular, Servei de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Programa de Recerca en Càncer, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mèdiques), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morán T, Quiroga V, Gil MDLL, Vilà L, Pardo N, Carcereny E, Capdevila L, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Rosell R. Targeting EML4-ALK driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 2:128-41. [PMID: 25806224 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2013.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Morán
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Quiroga
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María de Los Llanos Gil
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Vilà
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Pardo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Carcereny
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Capdevila
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Muñoz-Mármol
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia-Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muñoz-Mármol AM, Sanz C, Tapia G, Marginet R, Ariza A, Mate JL. MYCstatus determination in aggressive B-cell lymphoma: the impact of FISH probe selection. Histopathology 2013; 63:418-24. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Muñoz-Mármol
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol; Badalona; Barcelona; Spain
| | | | | | - Ruth Marginet
- Department of Pathology; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol; Badalona; Barcelona; Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tapia G, Sanz C, Mate JL, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Ariza A. Improved clonality detection in Hodgkin lymphoma using the BIOMED-2-based heavy and kappa chain assay: a paraffin-embedded tissue study. Histopathology 2012; 60:768-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
7
|
Tapia G, Lopez R, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Mate JL, Sanz C, Marginet R, Navarro JT, Ribera JM, Ariza A. Immunohistochemical detection of MYC protein correlates with MYC gene status in aggressive B cell lymphomas. Histopathology 2011; 59:672-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Vela E, Hilari JM, Roca X, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Ariza A, Isamat M. Multisite and bidirectional exonic splicing enhancer in CD44 alternative exon v3. RNA 2007; 13:2312-2323. [PMID: 17940137 PMCID: PMC2080591 DOI: 10.1261/rna.732807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The human CD44 gene encodes multiple isoforms of a transmembrane protein that differ in their extracellular domains as a result of alternative splicing of its variable exons. Expression of CD44 is tightly regulated according to the type and physiological status of a cell, with expression of high molecular weight isoforms by inclusion of variable exons and low molecular weight isoforms containing few or no variable exons. Human CD44 variable exon 3 (v3) can follow a specific alternative splicing route different from that affecting other variable exons. Here we map and functionally describe the splicing enhancer element within CD44 exon v3 which regulates its inclusion in the final mRNA. The v3 splicing enhancer is a multisite bipartite element consisting of a tandem nonamer, the XX motif, and an heptamer, the Y motif, located centrally in the exon. Each of the three sites of this multisite enhancer partially retains its splicing enhancing capacity independently from each other in CD44 and shows full enhancing function in gene contexts different from CD44. We further demonstrate that these motifs act cooperatively as at least two motifs are needed to maintain exon inclusion. Their action is differential with respect to the splice-site target abutting v3. The first X motif acts on the 3' splice site, the second X motif acts on both splice sites (as a bidirectional exonic splicing enhancer), and the Y motif acts on the 5' splice site. We also show that the multisite v3 splicing enhancer is functional irrespective of flanking intron length and spatial organization within v3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vela
- Fundación Echevarne, Barcelona 08037, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mola G, Vela E, Fernández-Figueras MT, Isamat M, Muñoz-Mármol AM. Exonization of Alu-generated splice variants in the survivin gene of human and non-human primates. J Mol Biol 2006; 366:1055-63. [PMID: 17204284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor apoptosis family that is overexpressed in many malignancies. It has five known alternative splice forms, some of which differ in their antiapoptotic properties and expression levels in human cancers. Here we describe a novel donor splice site (DSS), 2B+32 DSS, which is used in conjunction with survivin alternative exon 2B, resulting in the inclusion of 32 additional nucleotides from intron 2 at the 3' end of this exon. Sequence analysis showed that both the classical exon 2B DSS and 2B+32 are provided by an Alu sequence, which is inserted in intron 2 downstream of a functional acceptor splice site, leading to the exonization of part of the repetitive element. Minor transcripts including the 2B+32 alternative exon, or retaining the whole intronic region comprised between exons 2B and 3, were detected in several human cell lines and in some human tissues. Survivin 2B+32 containing variants acquire a premature stop codon (PTC) and may therefore be degraded by the nonsense mediated decay pathway. The implication of these novel isoforms, as well as other PTC+ survivin variants, in the overall regulation of survivin expression is discussed. Sequence analysis of intron 2 which contains the Alu Y element was performed on different primate species in order to trace its insertion and exonization during primate evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mola
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muñoz-Mármol AM, Mola G, Ruiz-Larroya T, Fernández-Vasalo A, Vela E, Mate JL, Ariza A. Rarity of JC virus DNA sequences and early proteins in human gliomas and medulloblastomas: the controversial role of JC virus in human neurooncogenesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006; 32:131-40. [PMID: 16599942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
JC virus (JCV), the agent of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML), exerts an oncogenic effect in several laboratory animal models. Moreover, JCV genomic DNA and early viral protein T-antigen have been detected in various types of human central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. To further explore this association we have studied paraffin-embedded brain biopsy tissue from 60 neoplasms (55 gliomas and five medulloblastomas) and 15 reactive gliosis cases for the presence of JCV DNA sequences and proteins. Four post mortem cases of HIV-associated PML were used as positive controls. Samples were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of early (large T antigen) and late (virion protein 3) sequences and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with both PAb 2024 and anti-SV40 large T antigen monoclonal antibodies. Five cases (three neoplasms and two reactive gliosis instances) showed low viral DNA levels when PCR-tested for VP3 or large T, while no case was immunoreactive for any of the two antibodies used. The four PML cases yielded positive results with both PCR and IHC. Additionally, IHC with both antibodies was applied to a tissue micro-array including 109 CNS tumours and 21 reactive gliosis samples. No immunoreactivity was detected in any of these tissue micro-array samples. The rarity of JCV DNA sequences and early proteins in our brain tumours enriches the controversy over the role of JCV in human neurooncogenesis, whose clarification is in need of further molecular and epidemiologic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Muñoz-Mármol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muñoz-Mármol AM, Mola G, Fernández-Vasalo A, Vela E, Mate JL, Ariza A. JC virus early protein detection by immunohistochemistry in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a comparative study with in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004; 63:1124-30. [PMID: 15581180 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/63.11.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ hybridization (ISH) for JC virus (JCV) is generally applied for the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). To explore the usefulness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for JCV early proteins, 14 paraffin-embedded postmortem brain specimens with histologic features compatible with PML were tested for the presence of JCV by means of DNA-DNA ISH with a biotinylated probe corresponding to the entire JCV genome, for JCV early proteins IHC with both PAb 2003 and anti-SV40 large T antigen monoclonal antibodies, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of JCV virion protein 3 (VP3) and transcriptional control region (TCR) sequences. ISH was positive in 13 cases and IHC in all 14 cases, the number of IHC-positive cells generally being far in excess of ISH-positive cells. Of the 2 monoclonal antibodies used, PAb 2003 proved to be more sensitive than anti-SV40 large T antigen. Occasional neuronal nuclei were positive for JCV early proteins in 5 cases. As for PCR, VP3 was amplified in all 14 cases and TCR in 9 cases. Consequently, PAb 2003 IHC for JCV early proteins seems to be a powerful tool for viral demonstration in PML and may well become the diagnostic recourse of choice in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Muñoz-Mármol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muñoz-Mármol AM, Strasser G, Isamat M, Coulombe PA, Yang Y, Roca X, Vela E, Mate JL, Coll J, Fernández-Figueras MT, Navas-Palacios JJ, Ariza A, Fuchs E. A dysfunctional desmin mutation in a patient with severe generalized myopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:11312-7. [PMID: 9736733 PMCID: PMC21639 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking desmin produce muscle fibers with Z disks and normal sarcomeric organization. However, the muscles are mechanically fragile and degenerate upon repeated contractions. We report here a human patient with severe generalized myopathy and aberrant intrasarcoplasmic accumulation of desmin intermediate filaments. Muscle tissue from this patient lacks the wild-type desmin allele and has a desmin gene mutation encoding a 7-aa deletion within the coiled-coil segment of the protein. We show that recombinant desmin harboring this deletion cannot form proper desmin intermediate filament networks in cultured cells, nor is it able to assemble into 10-nm filaments in vitro. These findings provide direct evidence that a mutation in desmin can cause human myopathies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Muñoz-Mármol AM, Casali A, Miralles A, Bueno D, Bayascas JR, Romero R, Saló E. Characterization of platyhelminth POU domain genes: ubiquitous and specific anterior nerve cell expression of different epitopes of GtPOU-1. Mech Dev 1998; 76:127-40. [PMID: 9767147 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
POU domain proteins are a large family of transcription factors that have been identified in a variety of metazoans, from freshwater sponges, planarians and nematodes to arthropods, echinoderms and vertebrates. Many of these proteins are implicated in the development and establishment of the nervous system. In this paper we describe the identification of the planarian genes GtPOU-1, GtPOU-3 and GtPOU-4, which belong to the subclasses III and IV of POU-domain genes. Their similarity with other members of the POU family is restricted to the POU and homeo domains, plus some peptide sequences scattered in the linker and flanking regions. As with other subclass III POU genes, GtPOU-1 is devoid of introns. Axial transcript distribution by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical assays, performed with a polyclonal antibody raised against the GtPOU-1 fusion protein, indicate that both the GtPOU-1 transcript and protein are continuously expressed along the antero-posterior axis. A monoclonal antibody raised against the same fusion protein indicates that a GtPOU-1-specific epitope, probably obtained by post-translational modification, is present in neural cells from both the central and peripheral nerve systems of the adult planarian's anterior third. Moreover, the GtPOU-1-specific epitope shows a dynamic expression pattern during regeneration, always marking the most anterior region of the planarian nervous system. Both the rapid and general GtPOU-1-specific epitope modification, during posterior regeneration, indicate that regeneration is a global process involving all planarian regions, including those that are far from the wound, by a combination of morphallactic and epimorphic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Muñoz-Mármol
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08071, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roca X, Mate JL, Ariza A, Muñoz-Mármol AM, von Uexküll-Güldeband C, Pellicer I, Navas-Palacios JJ, Isamat M. CD44 isoform expression follows two alternative splicing pathways in breast tissue. Am J Pathol 1998; 153:183-90. [PMID: 9665479 PMCID: PMC1852957 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The repertoire of distinct CD44 protein isoforms is generated by means of alternative pre-mRNA splicing of 10 variable exons located in the central region of the CD44 gene. We have used human breast ductal carcinoma as a model to identify two alternative splicing pathways of the CD44 pre-mRNA variable region that account for the generation of all of the CD44 isoforms described in breast tissue. An alternative splicing pathway that reflects inclusion of variable exons in a gradual 3'-to-5' fashion is evidenced in breast ductal carcinoma and its lymph node metastases. This pathway is compatible with a mechanism that generates the standard form of CD44 (devoid of variable exons) and is distinguishable from an alternative splicing pathway that involves exclusively variant exon 3 and is observable in both normal and carcinoma breast tissue. We show that both pathways are detectable in the same cell type in the breast and provide a speculative model by which these splicing routes could take place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Roca
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Platyhelminthes are widely considered to be the sister group of coelomates (Philippe, H., Chenuil, A. and Adoutte, A. (1994)Development 1994 Supplement, 15–24) and the first organisms to show bilateral symmetry and cephalization. Within this phylum, the freshwater planarians (Turbellaria, Tricladida) have been used as model systems for studying bidirectional regeneration (Slack, J. M. W. (1980) J. Theor. Biol 82, 105–140). We have been attempting to identify potential pattern-control genes involved in the regeneration of planarian heads and tails after amputation. Since Hox cluster genes determine positional identity along the anteroposterior axis in a wide range of animals (Slack, J. M. W., Holland, P. W. H. and Graham, C. F. (1993) Nature 361,490-492), we performed an extensive search for Hox-related genes in the planarian Dugesia(G)tigrina. Sequence analyses of seven planarian Dthox genes (Dthox-A to Dthox-G) reveal high similarities with the homeodomain region of the Hox cluster genes, allowing us to assign planarian Dthox genes to anterior and medial Hox cluster paralogous groups. Whole-mount in situ hybridization studies in regenerating adults showed very early, synchronous and colocalized activation of Dthox-D, Dthox-A, Dthox-C, Dthox-E, Dthox-G and Dthox-F. After one hour of regeneration a clear expression was observed in all Dthox genes studied. In addition, all seemed to be expressed in the same regenerative tissue, although in the last stages of regeneration (9 to 15 days) a differential timing of deactivation was observed. The same Dthox genes were also expressed synchronously and were colocalized during intercalary regeneration, although their expression was delayed. Terminal regeneration showed identical Dthox gene expression in anterior and posterior blastemas, which may prevent these genes from directing the distinction between head and tail. Finally, continuous expression along the whole lateral blastema in sagittal regenerates reflected a ubiquitous Dthox response in all types of regeneration that was not related specifically with the anteroposterior polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Bayascas
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garcia-Fernàndez J, Bayascas-Ramírez JR, Marfany G, Muñoz-Mármol AM, Casali A, Baguñà J, Saló E. High copy number of highly similar mariner-like transposons in planarian (Platyhelminthe): evidence for a trans-phyla horizontal transfer. Mol Biol Evol 1995; 12:421-31. [PMID: 7739384 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several DNA sequences similar to the mariner element were isolated and characterized in the platyhelminthe Dugesia (Girardia) tigrina. They were 1,288 bp long, flanked by two 32 bp-inverted repeats, and contained a single 339 amino acid open-reading frame (ORF) encoding the transposase. The number of copies of this element is approximately 8,000 per haploid genome, constituting a member of the middle-repetitive DNA of Dugesia tigrina. Sequence analysis of several elements showed a high percentage of conservation between the different copies. Most of them presented an intact ORF and the standard signals of actively expressed genes, which suggests that some of them are or have recently been functional transposons. The high degree of similarity shared with other mariner elements from some arthropods, together with the fact that this element is undetectable in other planarian species, strongly suggests a case of horizontal transfer between these two distant phyla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Garcia-Fernàndez
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|