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Mahmutovic Persson I, Fransén Petterson N, Liu J, In 't Zandt R, Carvalho C, Örbom A, Olsson LE, von Wachenfeldt K. In vivo MRI and PET imaging in a translational ILD mouse model expressing non-resolving fibrosis and bronchiectasis-like pathology after repeated systemic exposure to bleomycin. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1276420. [PMID: 38654839 PMCID: PMC11035813 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1276420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) is crucial to detect early to achieve the best treatment outcome. Optimally, non-invasive imaging biomarkers can be used for early detection of disease progression and treatment follow-up. Therefore, reliable in vivo models are warranted in new imaging biomarker development to accelerate better-targeted treatment options. Single-dose bleomycin models have, for a long time, served as a reference model in fibrosis and lung injury research. Here, we aimed to use a clinically more relevant animal model by systemic exposure to bleomycin and assessing disease progression over time by combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods C57BL/6 mice received bleomycin (i.p. 35iU/kg) or saline as control twice per week for 4 weeks. Mice were monitored until 2 weeks after cessation of bleomycin administration (w4 + 1 and w4 + 2), referred to as the resting period. MRI scans were performed in weeks 3 and 4 and during the resting weeks. [18F]FDG-PET was performed at the last week of dosing (w4) and 2 weeks after the last dosing (w4 + 2). Lung tissue sections were stained with Masson's trichrome and evaluated by modified Ashcroft scoring. Lung volume and lesion volumes were assessed using MRI, as well as 3D mapping of the central airways. Results and discussion Bleomycin-challenged mice showed increased lung weights (p < 0.05), while total lung volume was unchanged (w4 and onward). Histology analysis demonstrated fibrotic lesions emanating from the distal parts of the lung. Fibrosis progression was visualized by MRI with significantly increased high signal in bleomycin-exposed lungs compared to controls (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in central airway diameter (p < 0.01) was displayed in bleomycin-exposed animals compared to controls and further continued to dilate as the disease progressed, comparing the bleomycin groups over time (p < 0.05-0.001). Lung [18F]FDG uptake was significantly elevated in bleomycin-exposed mice compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion Non-invasive imaging displayed progressing lesions in the lungs of bleomycin-exposed mice, using two distinct MRI sequences and [18F]FDG-PET. With observed fibrosis progression emanating from distal lung areas, dilation of the central airways was evident. Taken together, this chronic bleomycin-exposure model is translationally more relevant for studying lung injury in ILD and particularly in the context of DIILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University BioImaging Centre (LBIC), Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - René In 't Zandt
- Lund University BioImaging Centre (LBIC), Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Örbom
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Abouzayed A, Zedan W, Altai M, Strand J, Örbom A. Co-injection of anti-HER2 antibody Trastuzumab does not increase efficacy of [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy in an animal model of prostate cancer. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 13:107-117. [PMID: 37457328 PMCID: PMC10349288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
One novel option for treating metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer is radionuclide therapy targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), e.g. [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Overexpression of HER2 has been found in 80% of metastatic cases of prostate cancer. Previous research showed that HER2 is elevated post irradiation in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Co-treating with anti-HER2 antibody Trastuzumab gave less proliferation of irradiated tumor cells in vitro, and when using radionuclide therapy, also in vivo. The aim of this study is to determine whether the same holds true in PSMA-expressing PC-3 PIP cells using [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radionuclide therapy. PC-3 PIP and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells were tested in vitro, treated with 6 Gy of x-rays with or without Trastuzumab incubation. We measured uptake of HER2-targeting affibody [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 and cell survival, e.g. using the WST-1 assay. Three groups (n=10 each) of male nude Balb/c mice were inoculated with PC-3 PIP xenograft tumors and treated with just [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (20 MBq), [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (20 MBq) and Trastuzumab (4 × 5 mg/kg), or left untreated. Tumor sizes and animal survival was observed. In vitro, x-ray irradiation did reduce survival in 22Rv1 but not PC-3 PIP cells, and there was no significant effect of Trastuzumab treatment. Cells expressed HER2 but not significantly elevated post irradiation. In vivo, mice co-treated with Trastuzumab had significantly longer survival than untreated mice, but not than only [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Staining of tumor sections showed similar HER2 and PSMA expression across groups. In conclusion, these results give no support for any benefit from co-treatment with anti-HER2 antibody for PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abouzayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
| | - Wahed Zedan
- Department of Oncology, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Oncology, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
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Kristiansson A, Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Altai M, Strand J, Strand SE, Åkerström B, Örbom A. Hematological Toxicity in Mice after High Activity Injections of 177Lu-PSMA-617. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040731. [PMID: 35456565 PMCID: PMC9032768 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies affecting men, with poor prognosis after progression to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Radioligand therapy (RLT) targeting the overexpressed PSMA on PC cells, with, e.g., 177Lu-PSMA-617, has been effective in reducing tumor burden and prolonging survival in mCRPC. However, it is not a curative method with kidney and bone marrow toxicity limiting the activity given to patients. Previous preclinical models have reported transient hematotoxicity for up to 120 MBq. This activity may still be too low to investigate the effect on renal function since it corresponds to an absorbed dose below 10 Gy, whereas the kidneys in a clinical setting usually receive an absorbed dose more than double. Here we investigated the hematotoxicity and recovery after administered activities of 120, 160, and 200 MBq in a 177Lu-PSMA-617 BALB/cAnNRj mouse model. The animals had an initial drop in white blood cells (WBC) starting 4 days post injection, which recovered after 21 days. The effect on red blood cells (RBC) and platelets was detected later; 17 days post-injection levels decreased compared to the control group. The reduction was restored again 32 days post injection. No correlation between injected activity and hematotoxicity was found. Our results suggest that activities up to 200 MBq of 177Lu-PSMA-617 give transient hematotoxicity from which animals recover within a month and no radiation-related deaths. Injecting these high activities could allow animal studies with increased clinical relevance when studying renal toxicity in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (S.-E.S.); (A.Ö.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (S.-E.S.); (A.Ö.)
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (S.-E.S.); (A.Ö.)
| | - Joanna Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (S.-E.S.); (A.Ö.)
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 222 43 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (S.-E.S.); (A.Ö.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (S.-E.S.); (A.Ö.)
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Kristiansson A, Örbom A, Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Ahlstedt J, Strand SE, Åkerström B. Kidney Protection with the Radical Scavenger α 1-Microglobulin (A1M) during Peptide Receptor Radionuclide and Radioligand Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081271. [PMID: 34439519 PMCID: PMC8389303 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is an antioxidant found in all vertebrates, including humans. It has enzymatic reductase activity and can scavenge radicals and bind free heme groups. Infused recombinant A1M accumulates in the kidneys and has therefore been successful in protecting kidney injuries in different animal models. In this review, we focus on A1M as a radioprotector of the kidneys during peptide receptor radionuclide/radioligand therapy (PRRT/RLT). Patients with, e.g., neuroendocrine tumors or castration resistant prostate cancer can be treated by administration of radiolabeled small molecules which target and therefore enable the irradiation and killing of cancer cells through specific receptor interaction. The treatment is not curative, and kidney toxicity has been reported as a side effect since the small, radiolabeled substances are retained and excreted through the kidneys. In recent studies, A1M was shown to have radioprotective effects on cell cultures as well as having a similar biodistribution as the somatostatin analogue peptide 177Lu-DOTATATE after intravenous infusion in mice. Therefore, several animal studies were conducted to investigate the in vivo radioprotective potential of A1M towards kidneys. The results of these studies demonstrated that A1M co-infusion yielded protection against kidney toxicity and improved overall survival in mouse models. Moreover, two different mouse studies reported that A1M did not interfere with tumor treatment itself. Here, we give an overview of radionuclide therapy, the A1M physiology and the results from the radioprotector studies of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, CIPA, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
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Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Örbom A, Altai M, Zedan W, Holmqvist B, Safi M, Tran TA, Strand SE, Strand J. A Conjugation Strategy to Modulate Antigen Binding and FcRn Interaction Leads to Improved Tumor Targeting and Radioimmunotherapy Efficacy with an Antibody Targeting Prostate-Specific Antigen. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143469. [PMID: 34298682 PMCID: PMC8307315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) hu5A10 specifically targets and internalizes prostate cancer cells by binding to prostate specific antigen (PSA). Preclinical evaluations have shown that hu5A10 is an excellent vehicle for prostate cancer (PCa) radiotheranostics. We studied the impact of different chelates and conjugation ratios on hu5A10's target affinity, neonatal fc-receptor interaction on in vivo targeting efficacy, and possible enhanced therapeutic efficacy. METHODS In our experiment, humanized 5A10 (hu5A10) was conjugated with DOTA or DTPA at a molar ratio of 3:1, 6:1, and 12:1. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to study antigen and FcRn binding to the antibody conjugates. [111In]hu5A10 radio-immunoconjugates were administered intravenously into BALB/c mice carrying subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts. Serial Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were obtained during the first week. Tumors were harvested and radionuclide distribution was analyzed by autoradiography along with microanatomy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS As seen by SPR, the binding to PSA was clearly affected by the chelate-to-antibody ratio. Similarly, FcRn (neonatal fc-receptor) interacted less with antibodies conjugated at high ratios of chelator, which was more pronounced for DOTA conjugates. The autoradiography data indicated a higher distribution of radioactivity to the rim of the tumor for lower ratios and a more homogenous distribution at higher ratios. Mice injected with ratio 3:1 111In-DOTA-hu5A10 showed no significant difference in tumor volume when compared to mice given vehicle over a time period of 3 weeks. Mice given a similar injection of ratio 6:1 111In-DOTA-hu5A10 or 6:1 111In-DTPA-hu5A10 or 12:1 111In-DTPA-hu5A10 showed significant tumor growth retardation. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the radiolabeling strategy could positively modify the hu5A10's capacity to bind PSA and complex with the FcRn-receptor, which resulted in more homogenous activity distribution in tumors and enhanced therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Wahed Zedan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Bo Holmqvist
- ImaGene-iT AB, Medicon Village, 22363 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Marcella Safi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Thuy A. Tran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joanna Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 22243 Lund, Sweden; (O.V.T.); (A.Ö.); (M.A.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Skane University Hospital, 22243 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-736839033
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Fransén Pettersson N, Liu J, Falk Håkansson H, Örbom A, In ’t Zandt R, Gidlöf R, Sydoff M, von Wachenfeldt K, Olsson LE. Longitudinal Imaging Using PET/CT with Collagen-I PET-Tracer and MRI for Assessment of Fibrotic and Inflammatory Lesions in a Rat Lung Injury Model. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113706. [PMID: 33218212 PMCID: PMC7699272 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging biomarkers (IBs) are warranted to enable improved diagnostics and follow-up monitoring of interstitial lung disease (ILD) including drug-induced ILD (DIILD). Of special interest are IB, which can characterize and differentiate acute inflammation from fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a PET-tracer specific for Collagen-I, combined with multi-echo MRI, in a rat model of DIILD. Rats were challenged intratracheally with bleomycin, and subsequently followed by MRI and PET/CT for four weeks. PET imaging demonstrated a significantly increased uptake of the collagen tracer in the lungs of challenged rats compared to controls. This was confirmed by MRI characterization of the lesions as edema or fibrotic tissue. The uptake of tracer did not show complete spatial overlap with the lesions identified by MRI. Instead, the tracer signal appeared at the borderline between lesion and healthy tissue. Histological tissue staining, fibrosis scoring, lysyl oxidase activity measurements, and gene expression markers all confirmed establishing fibrosis over time. In conclusion, the novel PET tracer for Collagen-I combined with multi-echo MRI, were successfully able to monitor fibrotic changes in bleomycin-induced lung injury. The translational approach of using non-invasive imaging techniques show potential also from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-73-683-9562
| | | | - Jian Liu
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Hanna Falk Håkansson
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - René In ’t Zandt
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Ritha Gidlöf
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Marie Sydoff
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Karin von Wachenfeldt
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Lars E. Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Falk Håkansson H, Örbom A, Liu J, von Wachenfeldt K, Olsson LE. Imaging Biomarkers and Pathobiological Profiling in a Rat Model of Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease Induced by Bleomycin. Front Physiol 2020; 11:584. [PMID: 32636756 PMCID: PMC7317035 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of systemically administered drugs have the potential to cause drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD). We aim to characterize a model of DIILD in the rat and develop imaging biomarkers (IBs) for detection and quantification of DIILD. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats received one single dose of intratracheal (i.t.) bleomycin and were longitudinally imaged at day 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post dosing, applying the imaging techniques magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for total protein and inflammatory cells. Lungs were saved for further evaluation by gene analysis using quantitative-PCR and by histology. Lung sections were stained with Masson's-Trichrome staining and evaluated by modified Ashcroft score. Gene expression profiling of inflammatory and fibrotic markers was performed on lung tissue homogenates. Bleomycin induced significant increase in total protein concentration and total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), peaking at day 3 (p > 0.001) and day 7 (p > 0.001) compared to control, respectively. Lesions measured by MRI and PET signal in the lungs of bleomycin challenged rats were significantly increased during days 3-14, peaking at day 7. Two subgroups of animals were identified as low- and high-responders by their different change in total lung volume. Both groups showed signs of inflammation initially, while at later time points, the low-responder group recovered toward control, and the high-responder group showed sustained lung volume increase, and significant increase of lesion volume (p < 0.001) compared to control. Lastly, important inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers were assessed from lung tissue, linking observed imaging pathological changes to gene expression patterns. In conclusion, bleomycin-induced lung injury is an adequate animal model for DIILD studies and for translational lung injury assessment by MRI and PET imaging. The scenario comprised disease responses, with different fractions of inflammation and fibrosis. Thereby, this study improved the understanding of imaging and biological biomarkers in DIILD and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Örbom
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,TRISTAN-IMI Consortium (Translational Imaging in Drug Safety Assessment-Innovative Medicines Initiative)
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Timmermand OV, Elgqvist J, Beattie KA, Örbom A, Larsson E, Eriksson SE, Thorek DL, Beattie BJ, Tran TA, Ulmert D, Strand SE. Preclinical efficacy of hK2 targeted [ 177Lu]hu11B6 for prostate cancer theranostics. Theranostics 2019; 9:2129-2142. [PMID: 31149033 PMCID: PMC6531309 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen ablating drugs increase life expectancy in men with metastatic prostate cancer, but resistance inevitably develops. In a majority of these recurrent tumors, the androgen axis is reactivated in the form of increased androgen receptor (AR) expression. Targeting proteins that are expressed as a down-stream effect of AR activity is a promising rationale for management of this disease. The humanized IgG1 antibody hu11B6 internalizes into prostate and prostate cancer (PCa) cells by binding to the catalytic cleft of human kallikrein 2 (hK2), a prostate specific enzyme governed by the AR-pathway. In a previous study, hu11B6 conjugated with Actinium-225 (225Ac), a high linear energy transfer (LET) radionuclide, was shown to generate an AR-upregulation driven feed-forward mechanism that is believed to enhance therapeutic efficacy. We assessed the efficacy of hu11B6 labeled with a low LET beta-emitter, Lutetium-177 (177Lu) and investigated whether similar tumor killing and AR-enhancement is produced. Moreover, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of 177Lu is quantitatively accurate and can be used to perform treatment planning. [177Lu]hu11B6 therefore has significant potential as a theranostic agent. Materials and Methods: Subcutaneous PCa xenografts (LNCaP s.c.) were grown in male mice. Biokinetics at 4-336 h post injection and uptake as a function of the amount of hu11B6 injected at 72 h were studied. Over a 30 to 120-day treatment period the therapeutic efficacy of different activities of [177Lu]hu11B6 were assessed by volumetric tumor measurements, blood cell counts, molecular analysis of the tumor as well as SPECT/CT imaging. Organ specific mean absorbed doses were calculated, using a MIRD-scheme, based on biokinetic data and rodent specific S-factors from a modified MOBY phantom. Tumor tissues of treated xenografts were immunohistochemically (IHC) stained for Ki-67 (proliferation) and AR, SA-β-gal activity (senescence) and analyzed by digital autoradiography (DAR). Results: Organ-to-blood and tumor-to-blood ratios were independent of hu11B6 specific activity except for the highest amount of antibody (150 µg). Tumor accumulation of [177Lu]hu11B6 peaked at 168 h with a specific uptake of 29 ± 9.1 percent injected activity per gram (%IA/g) and low accumulation in normal organs except in the submandibular gland (15 ± 4.5 %IA/g), attributed to a cross-reaction with mice kallikreins in this organ, was seen. However, SPECT imaging with therapeutic amounts of [177Lu]hu11B6 revealed no peak in tumor accumulation at 7 d, probably due to cellular retention of 177Lu and decreasing tumor volumes. For [177Lu]hu11B6 treated mice, tumor decrements of up to 4/5 of the initial tumor volume and reversible myelotoxicity with a nadir at 12 d were observed after a single injection. Tumor volume reduction correlated with injected activity and the absorbed dose. IHC revealed retained expression of AR throughout treatment and that Ki-67 staining reached a nadir at 9-14 d which coincided with high SA- β-gal activity (14 d). Quantification of nuclei staining showed that Ki-67 expression correlated negatively with activity uptake. AR expression levels in cells surviving therapy compared to previous timepoints and to controls at 30 d were significantly increased (p = 0.017). Conclusions: This study shows that hu11B6 labeled with the low LET beta-emitting radionuclide 177Lu can deliver therapeutic absorbed doses to prostate cancer xenografts with transient hematological side-effects. The tumor response correlated with the absorbed dose both on a macro and a small scale dosimetric level. Analysis of AR staining showed that AR protein levels increased late in the study suggesting a therapeutic mechanism, a feed forward mechanism coupled to AR driven response to DNA damage or clonal lineage selection, similar to that reported in high LET alpha-particle therapy using 225Ac labeled hu11B6, however emerging at a later timepoint.
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Örbom A, Ahlstedt J, Serén T, Auterinen I, Kotiluoto P, Hauge H, Östlund K, Olafsen T, Wu AM, Dahlbom M, Strand SE. Characterization of a double-sided silicon strip detector autoradiography system. Med Phys 2015; 42:575-84. [PMID: 25652478 DOI: 10.1118/1.4905049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The most commonly used technology currently used for autoradiography is storage phosphor screens, which has many benefits such as a large field of view but lacks particle-counting detection of the time and energy of each detected radionuclide decay. A number of alternative designs, using either solid state or scintillator detectors, have been developed to address these issues. The aim of this study is to characterize the imaging performance of one such instrument, a double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSD) system for digital autoradiography. A novel aspect of this work is that the instrument, in contrast to previous prototype systems using the same detector type, provides the ability for user accessible imaging with higher throughput. Studies were performed to compare its spatial resolution to that of storage phosphor screens and test the implementation of multiradionuclide ex vivo imaging in a mouse preclinical animal study. METHODS Detector background counts were determined by measuring a nonradioactive sample slide for 52 h. Energy spectra and detection efficiency were measured for seven commonly used radionuclides under representative conditions for tissue imaging. System dead time was measured by imaging (18)F samples of at least 5 kBq and studying the changes in count rate over time. A line source of (58)Co was manufactured by irradiating a 10 μm nickel wire with fast neutrons in a research reactor. Samples of this wire were imaged in both the DSSD and storage phosphor screen systems and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) measured for the line profiles. Multiradionuclide imaging was employed in a two animal study to examine the intratumoral distribution of a (125)I-labeled monoclonal antibody and a (131)I-labeled engineered fragment (diabody) injected in the same mouse, both targeting carcinoembryonic antigen. RESULTS Detector background was 1.81 × 10(-6) counts per second per 50 × 50 μm pixel. Energy spectra and detection efficiency were successfully measured for seven radionuclides. The system dead time was measured to be 59 μs, and FWHM for a (58)Co line source was 154 ± 14 μm for the DSSD system and 343 ± 15 μm for the storage phosphor system. Separation of the contributions from (125)I and (131)I was performed on autoradiography images of tumor sections. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that a DSSD system can be beneficially applied for digital autoradiography with simultaneous multiradionuclide imaging capability. The system has a low background signal, ability to image both low and high activity samples, and a good energy resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Örbom
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund SE-22185, Sweden
| | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund SE-22185, Sweden
| | - Tom Serén
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Iiro Auterinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Petri Kotiluoto
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | | | - Karl Östlund
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund SE-22185, Sweden
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Magnus Dahlbom
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund SE-22185, Sweden
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Örbom A, Jansson B, Schiopu A, Evans-Axelsson S, Nilsson J, Fredrikson GN, Strand SE. Multi-radionuclide digital autoradiography of the intra-aortic atherosclerotic plaques using a monoclonal antibody targeting oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 4:172-80. [PMID: 24753983 PMCID: PMC3992210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use multi-radionuclide autoradiography to compare the different distributions of three radiolabelled tracers in an atherosclerotic mouse model. This method, along with immunohistochemistry, was applied to investigate the intra-aortic distribution of 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG), (131)I/(125)I labeled anti-oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL), and non-binding control antibodies. Aortas were isolated from a total of 12 apoB-100/LDL receptor deficient mice 73 h post injection of radioiodine-labeled anti-oxLDL and control antibody and 1 h post injection of (18)F-FDG. A solid-state real-time digital autoradiography system was used to image the slide mounted aortas. Contributions from each radionuclide were separated by half-life and emission energy and the aortas were subsequently stained with Oil Red O for plaque to aorta contrast ratios. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect anti-oxLDL and control antibody localization. Radiolabeled anti-oxLDL showed increased total activity uptake in the aorta over control antibody and immunohistochemical analysis of plaques indicated increased binding of the specific antibody compared to control. The intra-aortic activity distribution of the anti-oxLDL antibody was however very similar to that of the control antibody although both had higher atherosclerotic plaques to aorta wall ratios than (18)F-FDG. Given the right choice of radionuclides, multi-radionuclide digital autoradiography can be employed to compare several tracers ex vivo in the same animal. The distribution of anti-oxLDL antibodies did not significantly differ from the control antibody but it did appear to have a better plaque to aorta contrast at 73 h post injection than (18)F-FDG at 1 h post injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Örbom
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund UniversitySweden,Cardiology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital MalmöSweden
| | - Susan Evans-Axelsson
- Division of Urological Cancers, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund UniversityMalmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund UniversitySweden
| | - Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund UniversitySweden
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
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Örbom A, Eriksson SE, Elgström E, Ohlsson T, Nilsson R, Tennvall J, Strand SE. The Intratumoral Distribution of Radiolabeled 177Lu-BR96 Monoclonal Antibodies Changes in Relation to Tumor Histology over Time in a Syngeneic Rat Colon Carcinoma Model. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1404-10. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.117028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Evans-Axelsson S, Ulmert D, Örbom A, Peterson P, Nilsson O, Wennerberg J, Strand J, Wingårdh K, Olsson T, Hagman Z, Tolmachev V, Bjartell A, Lilja H, Strand SE. Targeting free prostate-specific antigen for in vivo imaging of prostate cancer using a monoclonal antibody specific for unique epitopes accessible on free prostate-specific antigen alone. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:243-51. [PMID: 22489659 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of targeting the free, unbound forms of prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) for in vivo imaging of prostate adenocarcinomas (PCa), as PSA is produced and secreted at abundance during every clinical stage and grade of PCa, including castration-resistant disease. We injected (125)I-labeled monoclonal antibody PSA30 (specific for an epitope uniquely accessible on fPSA alone) intravenously in male nude mice carrying subcutaneous xenografts of LNCaP tumors (n=36). Mice were sacrificed over a time course from 4 hours to 13 days after injecting (125)I-labeled PSA30. Tissue uptake of (125)I-PSA30 at 48 and 168 hours after intravenous injection was compared with two clinically used positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals, (18)F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose ((18)F-FDG) or (18)F-choline, in cryosections using Digital AutoRadiography (DAR) and also compared with immunohistochemical staining of PSA and histopathology. On DAR, the areas with high (125)I-PSA30 uptake corresponded mainly to morphologically intact and PSA-producing LNCaP cells, but did not associate with the areas of high uptake of either (18)F-FDG or (18)F-choline. Biodistribution of (125)I-PSA30 measured in dissected organs ex vivo during 4 to 312 hours after intravenous injection demonstrated maximum selective tumor uptake 24-48 hours after antibody injection. Our data showed selective uptake in vivo of a monoclonal antibody highly specific for fPSA in LNCaP cells. Hence, in vivo imaging of fPSA may be feasible with putative usefulness in disseminated PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Evans-Axelsson
- Division of Urological Cancers, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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