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Mahmutovic Persson I, Fransén Petterson N, Liu J, In 't Zandt R, Carvalho C, Örbom A, Olsson LE, von Wachenfeldt K. In vivo MRI and PET imaging in a translational ILD mouse model expressing non-resolving fibrosis and bronchiectasis-like pathology after repeated systemic exposure to bleomycin. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1276420. [PMID: 38654839 PMCID: PMC11035813 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1276420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) is crucial to detect early to achieve the best treatment outcome. Optimally, non-invasive imaging biomarkers can be used for early detection of disease progression and treatment follow-up. Therefore, reliable in vivo models are warranted in new imaging biomarker development to accelerate better-targeted treatment options. Single-dose bleomycin models have, for a long time, served as a reference model in fibrosis and lung injury research. Here, we aimed to use a clinically more relevant animal model by systemic exposure to bleomycin and assessing disease progression over time by combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods C57BL/6 mice received bleomycin (i.p. 35iU/kg) or saline as control twice per week for 4 weeks. Mice were monitored until 2 weeks after cessation of bleomycin administration (w4 + 1 and w4 + 2), referred to as the resting period. MRI scans were performed in weeks 3 and 4 and during the resting weeks. [18F]FDG-PET was performed at the last week of dosing (w4) and 2 weeks after the last dosing (w4 + 2). Lung tissue sections were stained with Masson's trichrome and evaluated by modified Ashcroft scoring. Lung volume and lesion volumes were assessed using MRI, as well as 3D mapping of the central airways. Results and discussion Bleomycin-challenged mice showed increased lung weights (p < 0.05), while total lung volume was unchanged (w4 and onward). Histology analysis demonstrated fibrotic lesions emanating from the distal parts of the lung. Fibrosis progression was visualized by MRI with significantly increased high signal in bleomycin-exposed lungs compared to controls (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in central airway diameter (p < 0.01) was displayed in bleomycin-exposed animals compared to controls and further continued to dilate as the disease progressed, comparing the bleomycin groups over time (p < 0.05-0.001). Lung [18F]FDG uptake was significantly elevated in bleomycin-exposed mice compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion Non-invasive imaging displayed progressing lesions in the lungs of bleomycin-exposed mice, using two distinct MRI sequences and [18F]FDG-PET. With observed fibrosis progression emanating from distal lung areas, dilation of the central airways was evident. Taken together, this chronic bleomycin-exposure model is translationally more relevant for studying lung injury in ILD and particularly in the context of DIILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University BioImaging Centre (LBIC), Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - René In 't Zandt
- Lund University BioImaging Centre (LBIC), Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Örbom
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Malm Tillgren S, Nieto-Fontarigo JJ, Cerps S, Ramu S, Menzel M, Mahmutovic Persson I, Meissner A, Akbarshahi H, Uller L. C57Bl/6N mice have an attenuated lung inflammatory response to dsRNA compared to C57Bl/6J and BALB/c mice. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36810092 PMCID: PMC9942641 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory infections caused by ssRNA viruses are a major health burden globally. Translational mouse models are a valuable tool for medical research, including research on respiratory viral infections. In in vivo mouse models, synthetic dsRNA can be used as a surrogate for ssRNA virus replication. However, studies investigating how genetic background of mice impacts the murine lung inflammatory response to dsRNA is lacking. Hence, we have compared lung immunological responses of BALB/c, C57Bl/6N and C57Bl/6J mice to synthetic dsRNA. METHODS dsRNA was administered intranasally to BALB/c, C57Bl/6N and C57Bl/6J mice once/day for three consecutive days. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, inflammatory cells, and total protein concentration were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pattern recognition receptors levels (TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I) were measured in lung homogenates using RT-qPCR and western blot. Gene expression of IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL1 was assessed in lung homogenates by RT-qPCR. ELISA was used to analyze protein concentrations of CXCL1 and IL-1β in BALF and lung homogenates. RESULTS BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice showed infiltration of neutrophils to the lung, and an increase in total protein concentration and LDH activity in response to dsRNA administration. Only modest increases in these parameters were observed for C57Bl/6N mice. Similarly, dsRNA administration evoked an upregulation of MDA5 and RIG-I gene and protein expression in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J, but not C57Bl/6N, mice. Further, dsRNA provoked an increase in gene expression of TNF-α in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice, IL-1β only in C57Bl/6N mice and CXCL1 exclusively in BALB/c mice. BALF levels of CXCL1 and IL-1β were increased in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice in response to dsRNA, whereas the response of C57Bl/6N was blunt. Overall, inter-strain comparisons of the lung reactivity to dsRNA revealed that BALB/c, followed by C57Bl/6J, had the most pronounced respiratory inflammatory responses, while the responses of C57Bl/6N mice were attenuated. CONCLUSIONS We report clear differences of the lung innate inflammatory response to dsRNA between BALB/c, C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6N mice. Of particular note, the highlighted differences in the inflammatory response of C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6N substrains underscore the value of strain selection in mouse models of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Malm Tillgren
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Juan José Nieto-Fontarigo
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuel Cerps
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sangeetha Ramu
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mandy Menzel
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anja Meissner
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.7307.30000 0001 2108 9006Department of Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Uller
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory immunopharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Menzel M, Akbarshahi H, Mahmutovic Persson I, Andersson C, Puthia M, Uller L. NFκB1 Dichotomously Regulates Pro-Inflammatory and Antiviral Responses in Asthma. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:182-191. [PMID: 34350857 DOI: 10.1159/000517847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma exacerbations are commonly triggered by rhinovirus infections. Viruses can activate the NFκB pathway resulting in airway inflammation and increased Th2 cytokine expression. NFκB signaling is also involved in early activation of IFNβ, which is a central mediator of antiviral responses to rhinovirus infection. Using a mouse model, this study tests our hypothesis that NFκB signaling is involved in impaired IFNβ production at viral-induced asthma exacerbations. C57BL/6 wild-type and NFκB1-/- mice were challenged with house dust mite for 3 weeks and were subsequently stimulated with the rhinoviral mimic poly(I:C). General lung inflammatory parameters and levels of the Th2 upstream cytokine IL-33 were measured after allergen challenge. At exacerbation, production of IFNβ and antiviral proteins as well as gene expression of pattern recognition receptors and IRF3/IRF7 was assessed. In the asthma exacerbation mouse model, lack of NFκB1 resulted in lower levels of IL-33 after allergen challenge alone and was associated with reduced eosinophilia. At exacerbation, mice deficient in NFκB1 exhibited enhanced expression of IFNβ and antiviral proteins. This was accompanied by increased IRF3/IRF7 expression and induction of pattern recognition receptor expression. In a human asthma dataset, a negative correlation between IRF3 and NFκB1 expression was observed. NFκB may impair antiviral responses at exacerbation, possibly by reducing expression of the transcription factors IRF3/IRF7. These findings suggest a therapeutic potential for targeting NFκB pathways at viral infection-induced exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Menzel
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Andersson
- Respiratory Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Division of Dermatology and Venerology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Uller
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ogger PP, Silva JD, Aghapour M, Mahmutovic Persson I, Tulen C, Jurkowska R, Ubags ND. Early Career Members at the ERS Lung Science Conference 2020: metabolic alterations in lung ageing and disease. Breathe (Sheff) 2021; 16:200063. [PMID: 33447269 PMCID: PMC7792764 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0063-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) organises the Lung Science Conference (LSC) in Estoril, Portugal, to discuss basic and translational science. The topic of the LSC 2020 was “Metabolic alterations in lung ageing and disease”. In addition to an outstanding scientific programme, the LSC provides excellent opportunities for career development and inclusion of Early Career Members (ECMs). All scientific and poster sessions are chaired by an ECM who is paired with a senior faculty member to allow ECMs to become acquainted with session chairing. In addition, 40 travel bursaries are made available to abstract authors and all bursary recipients are invited to take part in a mentorship lunch. Moreover, there is a session organised by the Early Career Members Committee (ECMC) dedicated to career development. Here, we describe the scientific highlights of LSC 2020 for those who could not attend. The Lung Science Conference 2020 brought together leading experts in the field to discuss the latest cutting-edge science, as well as various career development opportunities for early career membershttps://bit.ly/2XZ5YGQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Ogger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Wellcome-Wolfson Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Institution of Medical Radiation Physics, Dept of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christy Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niki D Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
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5
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Mahmutovic Persson I, von Wachenfeldt K, Waterton JC, Olsson LE. Imaging Biomarkers in Animal Models of Drug-Induced Lung Injury: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010107. [PMID: 33396865 PMCID: PMC7795017 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD) translational imaging biomarkers are needed to improve detection and management of lung injury and drug-toxicity. Literature was reviewed on animal models in which in vivo imaging was used to detect and assess lung lesions that resembled pathological changes found in DIILD, such as inflammation and fibrosis. A systematic search was carried out using three databases with key words “Animal models”, “Imaging”, “Lung disease”, and “Drugs”. A total of 5749 articles were found, and, based on inclusion criteria, 284 papers were selected for final data extraction, resulting in 182 out of the 284 papers, based on eligibility. Twelve different animal species occurred and nine various imaging modalities were used, with two-thirds of the studies being longitudinal. The inducing agents and exposure (dose and duration) differed from non-physiological to clinically relevant doses. The majority of studies reported other biomarkers and/or histological confirmation of the imaging results. Summary of radiotracers and examples of imaging biomarkers were summarized, and the types of animal models and the most used imaging modalities and applications are discussed in this review. Pathologies resembling DIILD, such as inflammation and fibrosis, were described in many papers, but only a few explicitly addressed drug-induced toxicity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-736839562
| | | | - John C. Waterton
- Bioxydyn Ltd., Science Park, Manchester M15 6SZ, UK;
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lars E. Olsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Fransén Pettersson N, Liu J, Falk Håkansson H, Örbom A, In ’t Zandt R, Gidlöf R, Sydoff M, von Wachenfeldt K, Olsson LE. Longitudinal Imaging Using PET/CT with Collagen-I PET-Tracer and MRI for Assessment of Fibrotic and Inflammatory Lesions in a Rat Lung Injury Model. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113706. [PMID: 33218212 PMCID: PMC7699272 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging biomarkers (IBs) are warranted to enable improved diagnostics and follow-up monitoring of interstitial lung disease (ILD) including drug-induced ILD (DIILD). Of special interest are IB, which can characterize and differentiate acute inflammation from fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a PET-tracer specific for Collagen-I, combined with multi-echo MRI, in a rat model of DIILD. Rats were challenged intratracheally with bleomycin, and subsequently followed by MRI and PET/CT for four weeks. PET imaging demonstrated a significantly increased uptake of the collagen tracer in the lungs of challenged rats compared to controls. This was confirmed by MRI characterization of the lesions as edema or fibrotic tissue. The uptake of tracer did not show complete spatial overlap with the lesions identified by MRI. Instead, the tracer signal appeared at the borderline between lesion and healthy tissue. Histological tissue staining, fibrosis scoring, lysyl oxidase activity measurements, and gene expression markers all confirmed establishing fibrosis over time. In conclusion, the novel PET tracer for Collagen-I combined with multi-echo MRI, were successfully able to monitor fibrotic changes in bleomycin-induced lung injury. The translational approach of using non-invasive imaging techniques show potential also from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-73-683-9562
| | | | - Jian Liu
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Hanna Falk Håkansson
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - René In ’t Zandt
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Ritha Gidlöf
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Marie Sydoff
- Lund University BioImaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 42 Lund, Sweden; (R.I.Z.); (R.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Karin von Wachenfeldt
- Truly Labs, Medicon Village, 223 63 Lund, Sweden; (N.F.P.); (J.L.); (H.F.H.); (K.v.W.)
| | - Lars E. Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Falk Håkansson H, Örbom A, Liu J, von Wachenfeldt K, Olsson LE. Imaging Biomarkers and Pathobiological Profiling in a Rat Model of Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease Induced by Bleomycin. Front Physiol 2020; 11:584. [PMID: 32636756 PMCID: PMC7317035 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of systemically administered drugs have the potential to cause drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD). We aim to characterize a model of DIILD in the rat and develop imaging biomarkers (IBs) for detection and quantification of DIILD. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats received one single dose of intratracheal (i.t.) bleomycin and were longitudinally imaged at day 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post dosing, applying the imaging techniques magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for total protein and inflammatory cells. Lungs were saved for further evaluation by gene analysis using quantitative-PCR and by histology. Lung sections were stained with Masson's-Trichrome staining and evaluated by modified Ashcroft score. Gene expression profiling of inflammatory and fibrotic markers was performed on lung tissue homogenates. Bleomycin induced significant increase in total protein concentration and total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), peaking at day 3 (p > 0.001) and day 7 (p > 0.001) compared to control, respectively. Lesions measured by MRI and PET signal in the lungs of bleomycin challenged rats were significantly increased during days 3-14, peaking at day 7. Two subgroups of animals were identified as low- and high-responders by their different change in total lung volume. Both groups showed signs of inflammation initially, while at later time points, the low-responder group recovered toward control, and the high-responder group showed sustained lung volume increase, and significant increase of lesion volume (p < 0.001) compared to control. Lastly, important inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers were assessed from lung tissue, linking observed imaging pathological changes to gene expression patterns. In conclusion, bleomycin-induced lung injury is an adequate animal model for DIILD studies and for translational lung injury assessment by MRI and PET imaging. The scenario comprised disease responses, with different fractions of inflammation and fibrosis. Thereby, this study improved the understanding of imaging and biological biomarkers in DIILD and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Örbom
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Institution of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,TRISTAN-IMI Consortium (Translational Imaging in Drug Safety Assessment-Innovative Medicines Initiative)
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Almendros I, El-Merhie N, Jha A, Keir HR, Lykouras D, Mahmutovic Persson I, Ubags ND, Bartel S. Early Career Members at the Lung Science Conference and the Sleep and Breathing Conference 2019. Breathe (Sheff) 2019; 15:234-240. [PMID: 31508161 PMCID: PMC6717613 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0203-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Respiratory Society (ERS) Lung Science Conference (LSC) is the basic science conference of the ERS and it takes place every March in Estoril, Portugal. It is important to note that, particularly at this conference, there is a lot of emphasis on the inclusion and development of Early Career Members. For example, each session is chaired by one Early Career Member together with a more senior scientist; there are 40 travel bursaries to enable abstract authors to attend the conference; there is a mentorship lunch session; and every year the Early Career Member Committee (ECMC) organises a specifically dedicated Early Career Member career development session on the Saturday afternoon. Thus, there are many reasons for Early Career Members to attend this conference but, for those who could not attend, we will describe here the scientific highlights of the LSC 2019 on the topic “Mechanisms of acute exacerbation of respiratory disease”. The Lung Science Conference and the Sleep and Breathing Conference 2019 brought together leading experts in the field to discuss the latest cutting-edge science, as well as various career development opportunities for early career membershttp://bit.ly/2XNX6V6
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Almendros
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Akhilesh Jha
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Holly R Keir
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Dimosthenis Lykouras
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Rion Patras, Greece
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Institution of Medical Radiation Physics, Dept of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Niki D Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Bartel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.,All authors are sorted alphabetically, except for S. Bartel
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Waterton JC, Hines CDG, Hockings PD, Laitinen I, Ziemian S, Campbell S, Gottschalk M, Green C, Haase M, Hassemer K, Juretschke HP, Koehler S, Lloyd W, Luo Y, Mahmutovic Persson I, O'Connor JPB, Olsson LE, Pindoria K, Schneider JE, Sourbron S, Steinmann D, Strobel K, Tadimalla S, Teh I, Veltien A, Zhang X, Schütz G. Repeatability and reproducibility of longitudinal relaxation rate in 12 small-animal MRI systems. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 59:121-129. [PMID: 30872166 PMCID: PMC6477178 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many translational MR biomarkers derive from measurements of the water proton longitudinal relaxation rate R1, but evidence for between-site reproducibility of R1 in small-animal MRI is lacking. OBJECTIVE To assess R1 repeatability and multi-site reproducibility in phantoms for preclinical MRI. METHODS R1 was measured by saturation recovery in 2% agarose phantoms with five nickel chloride concentrations in 12 magnets at 5 field strengths in 11 centres on two different occasions within 1-13 days. R1 was analysed in three different regions of interest, giving 360 measurements in total. Root-mean-square repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of variation (CoV) were calculated. Propagation of reproducibility errors into 21 translational MR measurements and biomarkers was estimated. Relaxivities were calculated. Dynamic signal stability was also measured. RESULTS CoV for day-to-day repeatability (N = 180 regions of interest) was 2.34% and for between-centre reproducibility (N = 9 centres) was 1.43%. Mostly, these do not propagate to biologically significant between-centre error, although a few R1-based MR biomarkers were found to be quite sensitive even to such small errors in R1, notably in myocardial fibrosis, in white matter, and in oxygen-enhanced MRI. The relaxivity of aqueous Ni2+ in 2% agarose varied between 0.66 s-1 mM-1 at 3 T and 0.94 s-1 mM-1 at 11.7T. INTERPRETATION While several factors affect the reproducibility of R1-based MR biomarkers measured preclinically, between-centre propagation of errors arising from intrinsic equipment irreproducibility should in most cases be small. However, in a few specific cases exceptional efforts might be required to ensure R1-reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Waterton
- Bioxydyn Ltd, Manchester Science Park, Rutherford House, Pencroft Way, MANCHESTER M15 6SZ, United Kingdom; Centre for Imaging Sciences, Division of Informatics Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, MANCHESTER M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Paul D Hockings
- Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden; MedTech West, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Iina Laitinen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D TIM - Bioimaging Germany, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sabina Ziemian
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Müllerstraße 178, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon Campbell
- In-Vivo Bioimaging UK, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, STEVENAGE, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Gottschalk
- Lund University BioImaging Center, Klinikgatan 32, SE-222-42 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Claudia Green
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Müllerstraße 178, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Haase
- In-Vivo Bioimaging UK, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, STEVENAGE, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Katja Hassemer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D TIM - Bioimaging Germany, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hans-Paul Juretschke
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D TIM - Bioimaging Germany, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sascha Koehler
- Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Straße 23, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany.
| | - William Lloyd
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Division of Informatics Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, MANCHESTER M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Yanping Luo
- iSAT Discovery, Abbvie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064-1802, United States of America.
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Translational Sciences, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - James P B O'Connor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, MANCHESTER M20 4BX, United Kingdom. james.o'
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Translational Sciences, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kashmira Pindoria
- In-Vivo Bioimaging UK, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, STEVENAGE, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Jurgen E Schneider
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Steven Sourbron
- Leeds Imaging Biomarkers Group, Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, LIGHT Labs, Clarendon Way, LEEDS LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Denise Steinmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D TIM - Bioimaging Germany, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Klaus Strobel
- Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Straße 23, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany.
| | - Sirisha Tadimalla
- Leeds Imaging Biomarkers Group, Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, LIGHT Labs, Clarendon Way, LEEDS LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Irvin Teh
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Andor Veltien
- Radboud university medical center, Radiology (766), P.O.Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- iSAT Discovery, Abbvie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064-1802, United States of America.
| | - Gunnar Schütz
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Müllerstraße 178, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Almendros I, Alsafadi HN, Bölükbas D, Collins JJP, Duch P, Garrido-Martin EM, Kahn N, Karampitsakos T, Mahmutovic Persson I, Tzouvelekis A, Uhl FE, Bartel S. Early Career Members at the ERS Lung Science Conference: cell-matrix interactions in lung disease and regeneration: Early career forum. Breathe (Sheff) 2018; 14:e78-e83. [PMID: 30131840 PMCID: PMC6095238 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.016818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
.@EarlyCareerERS looks back on #LSC2018 http://ow.ly/6hjS30jB6P9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Almendros
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Hani N Alsafadi
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Deniz Bölükbas
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Jennifer J P Collins
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Paula Duch
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Eva M Garrido-Martin
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Nicolas Kahn
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Theodoros Karampitsakos
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Franziska E Uhl
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Authors listed alphabetically except for the last author. For a list of their affiliations, please see the Acknowledgements section
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Menzel M, Ramu S, Cerps S, Akbarshahi H, Uller L. IL-1β mediates lung neutrophilia and IL-33 expression in a mouse model of viral-induced asthma exacerbation. Respir Res 2018; 19:16. [PMID: 29361942 PMCID: PMC5781288 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral-induced asthma exacerbations, which exhibit both Th1-type neutrophilia and Th2-type inflammation, associate with secretion of Interleukin (IL)-1β. IL-1β induces neutrophilic inflammation. It may also increase Th2-type cytokine expression. We hypothesised that IL-1β is causally involved in both Th1 and Th2 features of asthma exacerbations. This hypothesis is tested in our mouse model of viral stimulus-induced asthma exacerbation. METHOD Wild-type (WT) and IL-1β deficient (IL-1β-/-) mice received house dust mite (HDM) or saline intranasally during three weeks followed by intranasal dsRNA (PolyI:C molecule known for its rhinovirus infection mimic) for three consecutive days to provoke exacerbation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analysed for inflammatory cells and total protein. Lung tissues were stained for neutrophilic inflammation and IL-33. Tissue homogenates were analysed for mRNA expression of Muc5ac, CXCL1/KC, TNF-α, CCL5, IL-25, TSLP, IL-33, IL-1β, CCL11 and CCL2 using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Expression of IL-1β, neutrophil chemoattractants, CXCL1 and CCL5, the Th2-upstream cytokine IL-33, and Muc5ac were induced at exacerbation in WT mice and were significantly inhibited in IL-1β-/- mice at exacerbation. Effects of HDM alone were not reduced in IL-1β-deficient mice. CONCLUSION Without being involved in the baseline HDM-induced allergic asthma, IL-1β signalling was required to induce neutrophil chemotactic factors, IL-33, and Muc5ac expression at viral stimulus-induced exacerbation. We suggest that IL-1β has a role both in neutrophilic and Th2 inflammation at viral-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department Experimental Medical Science Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mandy Menzel
- Department Experimental Medical Science Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sangeetha Ramu
- Department Experimental Medical Science Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuel Cerps
- Department Experimental Medical Science Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Department Experimental Medical Science Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Uller
- Department Experimental Medical Science Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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Menzel M, Akbarshahi H, Mahmutovic Persson I, Puthia M, Bjermer L, Uller L. Caspase-1 deficiency reduces eosinophilia and interleukin-33 in an asthma exacerbation model. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00047-2017. [PMID: 29204432 PMCID: PMC5703353 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00047-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus infections are common triggers of asthma exacerbations. Viruses can activate the inflammasome, resulting in processing and activation of caspase-1. This recruitment triggers production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which have been implicated in asthma. Elucidating the involvement of the inflammasome and its compartments, such as caspase-1, in asthma exacerbations is warranted. Gene expression of caspase-1 was measured in rhinovirus-infected primary bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic and healthy donors 24 h post-infection. In an in vivo exacerbation experiment C57BL/6 wild-type and caspase-1-/- mice were challenged with house dust mite followed by exposures to the viral mimic poly(I:C). General lung inflammatory parameters and levels of T-helper type 2 (Th2)-upstream cytokines IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-25 were assessed. Caspase-1 expression was elevated after rhinoviral infection exclusively in bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatics. In a translational mouse model of asthma exacerbation effects of caspase-1 on airway inflammation and Th2-upstream cytokines were explored. Caspase-1 deficient mice exhibited no alterations of general lung inflammatory parameters, but showed markedly reduced eosinophilia. Furthermore, the Th2-upstream cytokines IL-33, TSLP and IL-25 were reduced at exacerbation in mice lacking caspase-1. Rhinovirus infection increases bronchial epithelial caspase-1 in asthma. Caspase-1 may induce production of lung Th2-upstream cytokines and eosinophilia at exacerbations. Further targeting of caspase-1 signalling is warranted to explore its role in asthma exacerbations. Lack of caspase-1 reduces eosinophilia and expression of Th2-upstream cytokines at experimental asthma exacerbationhttp://ow.ly/NPMK30eMV2E
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Menzel
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Dept of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Dept of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Uller
- Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Mahmutovic Persson I, Akbarshahi H, Menzel M, Brandelius A, Uller L. Increased expression of upstream TH2-cytokines in a mouse model of viral-induced asthma exacerbation. J Transl Med 2016; 14:52. [PMID: 26879906 PMCID: PMC4754855 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exacerbations of asthma caused by respiratory viral infections are serious conditions in need of novel treatment. To this end animal models of asthma exacerbations are warranted. We have shown that dsRNA challenges or rhinoviral infection produce exacerbation effects in mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. However, house dust mite (HDM) is a more human asthma-relevant allergen than OVA. We thus hypothesised that dsRNA challenges in mice with HDM-induced experimental asthma would produce important translational features of asthma exacerbations. Method Mouse airways were challenged locally with HDM or saline three times a week for three weeks to establish experimental asthma. Then daily local dsRNA challenges were given for three consecutive days to induce exacerbation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analysed for inflammatory cells, total protein, the necrosis marker LDH and the alarmin ATP. Lung homogenates were analysed for mRNA expression (RT-qPCR) of TNF-α, CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 as well as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) RIG-I, MDA5 and TLR3. Lung tissue IL-33 was analysed with ELISA and PRRs were quantified by western blot. Immunohistochemistry indicated lung distribution of IL-33. Results HDM challenge alone caused sustained increase in BALF total protein, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils, and transient increase in lung tissue expression of TSLP, IL-33 and TNF-α. dsRNA-induced exacerbation markedly and dose-dependently exaggerated these effects. Further, BALF levels of LDH and ATP, and lung tissue expression of CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-25 and PRRs were increased exclusively at the exacerbations. Lung protein levels of IL-33 were transiently increased by HDM and further increased at exacerbation. Conclusion We demonstrate several novel aspects of HDM-induced experimental asthma and added exacerbation effects of dsRNA. General inflammatory parameters in BALF such as exuded proteins, mixed granulocytes, LDH and ATP were increased at the present exacerbations as they are in human asthma exacerbations. We suggest that this model of asthma exacerbation involving dsRNA challenges given to mice with established HDM-induced asthma has translational value and suggest that it may be particularly suited for in vivo studies involving pharmacological effects on exacerbation-induced expression of major upstream TH2-cytokines; IL-33, TSLP and IL-25, as well as PRRs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0808-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mandy Menzel
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Angelica Brandelius
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lena Uller
- Department Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Lund University, BMC D12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Brandelius A, Mahmutovic Persson I, Calvén J, Bjermer L, Persson CGA, Andersson M, Uller L. Selective inhibition by simvastatin of IRF3 phosphorylation and TSLP production in dsRNA-challenged bronchial epithelial cells from COPD donors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:363-74. [PMID: 22881993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Statin treatment may ameliorate viral infection-induced exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which exhibit Th2-type bronchial inflammation. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a hub cytokine switching on Th2 inflammation, is overproduced in viral and dsRNA-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells from COPD donors. Hence, TSLP may be causally involved in exacerbations. This study tests the hypothesis that simvastatin inhibits dsRNA-induced TSLP. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Epithelial cells, obtained by bronchoscopy from COPD (n = 7) and smoker control (n = 8) donors, were grown and stimulated with a viral infection and danger signal surrogate, dsRNA (10 μg·mL(-1) ). Cells were treated with simvastatin (0.2-5 μg·mL(-1) ), with or without mevalonate (13-26 μg·mL(-1) ), or dexamethasone (1 μg·mL(-1) ) before dsRNA. Cytokine expression and production, and transcription factor (IRF3 and NF-κB) activation were determined. KEY RESULTS dsRNA induced TSLP, TNF-α, CXCL8 and IFN-β. TSLP was overproduced in dsRNA-exposed COPD cells compared with control. Simvastatin, but not dexamethasone, concentration-dependently inhibited dsRNA-induced TSLP. Unexpectedly, simvastatin acted independently of mevalonate and did not affect dsRNA-induced NF-κB activation nor did it reduce production of TNF-α and CXCL8. Instead, simvastatin inhibited dsRNA-induced IRF3 phosphorylation and generation of IFN-β. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Independent of mevalonate and NF-κB, previously acknowledged anti-inflammatory mechanisms of pleiotropic statins, simvastatin selectively inhibited dsRNA-induced IRF3 activation and production of TSLP and IFN-β in COPD epithelium. These data provide novel insight into epithelial generation of TSLP and suggest paths to be exploited in drug discovery aimed at inhibiting TSLP-induced pulmonary immunopathology.
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Persson IM. [All applications come this way]. Vardfacket 1987; 11:28-9. [PMID: 3651085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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