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Melillo N, Scotcher D, Kenna JG, Green C, Hines CDG, Laitinen I, Hockings PD, Ogungbenro K, Gunwhy ER, Sourbron S, Waterton JC, Schuetz G, Galetin A. Use of In Vivo Imaging and Physiologically-Based Kinetic Modelling to Predict Hepatic Transporter Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:896. [PMID: 36986758 PMCID: PMC10057977 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadoxetate, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, is a substrate of organic-anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. Six drugs, with varying degrees of transporter inhibition, were used to assess gadoxetate dynamic contrast enhanced MRI biomarkers for transporter inhibition in rats. Prospective prediction of changes in gadoxetate systemic and liver AUC (AUCR), resulting from transporter modulation, were performed by physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling. A tracer-kinetic model was used to estimate rate constants for hepatic uptake (khe), and biliary excretion (kbh). The observed median fold-decreases in gadoxetate liver AUC were 3.8- and 1.5-fold for ciclosporin and rifampicin, respectively. Ketoconazole unexpectedly decreased systemic and liver gadoxetate AUCs; the remaining drugs investigated (asunaprevir, bosentan, and pioglitazone) caused marginal changes. Ciclosporin decreased gadoxetate khe and kbh by 3.78 and 0.09 mL/min/mL, while decreases for rifampicin were 7.20 and 0.07 mL/min/mL, respectively. The relative decrease in khe (e.g., 96% for ciclosporin) was similar to PBPK-predicted inhibition of uptake (97-98%). PBPK modelling correctly predicted changes in gadoxetate systemic AUCR, whereas underprediction of decreases in liver AUCs was evident. The current study illustrates the modelling framework and integration of liver imaging data, PBPK, and tracer-kinetic models for prospective quantification of hepatic transporter-mediated DDI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Melillo
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK (D.S.)
- SystemsForecastingUK Ltd., Lancaster LA1 5DD, UK
| | - Daniel Scotcher
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK (D.S.)
| | | | - Claudia Green
- MR & CT Contrast Media Research, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Iina Laitinen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Bioimaging Germany, 65929 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Antaros Medical, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Paul D. Hockings
- Antaros Medical, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
- MedTech West, Chalmers University of Technology, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kayode Ogungbenro
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK (D.S.)
| | - Ebony R. Gunwhy
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Steven Sourbron
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - John C. Waterton
- Bioxydyn Ltd., Manchester M15 6SZ, UK
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Division of Informatics Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gunnar Schuetz
- MR & CT Contrast Media Research, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK (D.S.)
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Velikyan I, Bossart M, Haack T, Laitinen I, Estrada S, Johansson L, Pierrou S, Wagner M, Eriksson O. Imaging of the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Using a Novel Radiolabeled Peptide Rationally Designed Based on Endogenous GIP and Synthetic Exendin-4 Sequences. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010061. [PMID: 36678558 PMCID: PMC9864903 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging and radiotherapy targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) could potentially benefit the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), complementing clinically established radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate a GIPR-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand with receptor-specific binding, fast blood clearance, and low liver background uptake. The peptide DOTA-bioconjugate, C803-GIP, was developed based on the sequence of the endogenous GIP(1-30) and synthetic exendin-4 peptides with selective amino acid mutations to combine their specificity for the GIPR and in vivo stability, respectively. The 68Ga-labeled bioconjugate was evaluated in vitro in terms of binding affinity, specificity, and internalization in HEK293 cells transfected with the human GIPR, GLP1, or GCG receptors and in sections of human insulinoma and NENs. In vivo binding specificity, biodistribution, and tissue background were investigated in mice bearing huGIPR-HEK293 xenografts and in a pig. Ex vivo organ distribution, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry were studied in normal rats. [68Ga]Ga-C803-GIP was stable and demonstrated a high affinity to the huGIPR-HEK293 cells. Binding specificity was demonstrated in vitro in frozen sections of NENs and huGIPR-HEK293 cells. No specific uptake was observed in the negative controls of huGLP1R and huGCGR cells. A novel rationally designed PET radioligand, [68Ga]Ga-C803-GIP, demonstrated promising binding characteristics and specificity towards the GIPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
- PET Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (M.B.); Tel.: +46-(0)70-4834137 (I.V.)
| | - Martin Bossart
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (M.B.); Tel.: +46-(0)70-4834137 (I.V.)
| | - Torsten Haack
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Estrada
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Michael Wagner
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
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Eriksson O, Velikyan I, Haack T, Bossart M, Laitinen I, Larsen PJ, Berglund JE, Antoni G, Johansson L, Pierrou S, Tillner J, Wagner M. Glucagon Like Peptide-1 receptor imaging in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:794-800. [PMID: 34503957 PMCID: PMC9051593 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a gut hormone receptor, intricately linked to regulation of blood glucose homeostasis via several mechanisms. It is an established and emergent drug target in metabolic disease. The PET radioligand 68Ga-DO3A-VS-exendin4 (68Ga-exendin4) has the potential to enable longitudinal studies of GLP1R in the human pancreas. Methods:68Ga-exendin4 PET/CT examinations were performed on overweight-to-obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 13) as part of a larger target engagement study (NCT03350191). A scanning protocol was developed to optimize reproducibility (target amount of 0.5 MBq/kg [corresponding to peptide amount of <0.2 µg/kg], blood sampling, and tracer stability assessment). The pancreas and abdominal organs were segmented, and binding was correlated with clinical parameters. Results: Uptake of 68Ga-exendin4 in the pancreas, but not in other abdominal tissues, was high but variable between individuals. There was no evidence of self-blocking of GLP1R by the tracer in this protocol, despite the high potency of exendin4. The results showed that a full dynamic scan can be simplified to a short static scan, potentially increasing throughput and reducing patient discomfort. The 68Ga-exendin4 concentration in the pancreas (i.e., GLP1R density) correlated inversely with the age of the individual and tended to correlate positively with body mass index. However, the total GLP1R content in the pancreas did not. Conclusion: In summary, we present an optimized and simplified 68Ga-exendin4 scanning protocol to enable reproducible imaging of GLP1R in the pancreas. 68Ga-exendin4 PET may enable quantification of longitudinal changes in pancreatic GLP1R during the development of type 2 diabetes, as well as target engagement studies of novel glucagonlike peptide-1 agonists.
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4
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Eriksson O, Velikyan I, Haack T, Bossart M, Evers A, Lorenz K, Laitinen I, Larsen PJ, Plettenburg O, Johansson L, Pierrou S, Wagner M. Drug Occupancy Assessment at the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor by Positron Emission Tomography. Diabetes 2021; 70:842-853. [PMID: 33547046 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is an emerging strategy in antidiabetic drug development. The aim of this study was to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for the GIPR to enable the assessment of target distribution and drug target engagement in vivo. The GIPR-selective peptide S02-GIP was radiolabeled with 68Ga. The resulting PET tracer [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 was evaluated for affinity and specificity to human GIPR (huGIPR). The in vivo GIPR binding of [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 as well as the occupancy of a drug candidate with GIPR activity were assessed in nonhuman primates (NHPs) by PET. [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 bound with nanomolar affinity and high selectivity to huGIPR in overexpressing cells. In vivo, pancreatic binding in NHPs could be dose-dependently inhibited by coinjection of unlabeled S02-GIP-T4. Finally, subcutaneous pretreatment with a high dose of a drug candidate with GIPR activity led to a decreased pancreatic binding of [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4, corresponding to a GIPR drug occupancy of almost 90%. [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 demonstrated a safe dosimetric profile, allowing for repeated studies in humans. In conclusion, [68Ga]S02-GIP-T4 is a novel PET biomarker for safe, noninvasive, and quantitative assessment of GIPR target distribution and drug occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Eriksson
- Antaros Medical AB, Mölndal, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Velikyan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- PET Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Mishra A, Castañeda TR, Bader E, Elshorst B, Cummings S, Scherer P, Bangari DS, Loewe C, Schreuder H, Pöverlein C, Helms M, Jones S, Zech G, Licher T, Wagner M, Schudok M, de Hoop M, Plowright AT, Atzrodt J, Kannt A, Laitinen I, Derdau V. Triantennary GalNAc Molecular Imaging Probes for Monitoring Hepatocyte Function in a Rat Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2002997. [PMID: 33344141 PMCID: PMC7739951 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can lead to irreversible liver cirrhosis and cancer. Early diagnosis of NASH is vital to detect disease before it becomes life-threatening, yet noninvasively differentiating NASH from simple steatosis is challenging. Herein, bifunctional probes have been developed that target the hepatocyte-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), the expression of which decreases during NASH progression. The results show that the probes allow longitudinal, noninvasive monitoring of ASGPR levels by positron emission tomography in the newly developed rat model of NASH. The probes open new possibilities for research into early diagnosis of NASH and development of drugs to slow or reverse its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara R. Castañeda
- R&D DiabetesSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | - Erik Bader
- Industriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Sheila Cummings
- Global Discovery PathologyTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi GenzymeThe Mountain RoadFraminghamMA01701USA
| | - Petra Scherer
- Global BioimagingTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | - Dinesh S. Bangari
- Global Discovery PathologyTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi GenzymeThe Mountain RoadFraminghamMA01701USA
| | | | | | | | - Mike Helms
- Global BioimagingTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | - Seth Jones
- Industriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | | | | | | | - Manfred Schudok
- R&D Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Alleyn T. Plowright
- Industriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
- Wren Therapeutics Ltd.Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RdCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Jens Atzrodt
- R&D Transversal OperationsGerman R&D HubSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- R&D DiabetesSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
- Experimental PharmacologyMedical Faculty MannheimUniversity of Heidelberg68167MannheimGermany
- Fraunhofer IMETranslational Medicine and Pharmacology60596FrankfurtGermany
| | - Iina Laitinen
- Global BioimagingTranslational In Vivo ModelsSanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHIndustriepark Höchst65926FrankfurtGermany
- Present address:
Antaros Medical, Bioventure HubMölndal431 83Sweden
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6
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Eriksson O, Velikyan I, Haack T, Bossart M, Laitinen I, Larsen PJ, Berglund JE, Antoni G, Johansson L, Pierrou S, Tillner J, Wagner M. Imaging of the Glucagon Receptor in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:833-838. [PMID: 33097629 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) in disease and in pharmaceutical drug development, there is a lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers of its activation in humans. The PET radioligand 68Ga-DO3A-VS-Tuna-2 (68Ga-Tuna-2) was developed to yield a noninvasive imaging marker for GCGR target distribution and drug target engagement in humans. Methods: The biodistribution and dosimetry of 68Ga-Tuna-2 was assessed by PET/CT in 13 individuals with type 2 diabetes as part of a clinical study assessing the occupancy of the dual GCGR/glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist SAR425899. Binding of 68Ga-Tuna-2 in liver and reference tissues was evaluated and correlated to biometrics (e.g., weight or body mass index) or other biomarkers (e.g., plasma glucagon levels). Results: 68Ga-Tuna-2 binding was seen primarily in the liver, which is in line with the strong expression of GCGR on hepatocytes. The kidneys demonstrated high excretion-related retention, whereas all other tissue demonstrated rapid washout. The SUV55 min (SUV during the last 10-min time frame, 50-60 min after administration) uptake endpoint was sensitive to endogenous levels of glucagon. 68Ga-Tuna-2 exhibited a safe dosimetry profile and no adverse events after intravenous administration. Conclusion: 68Ga-Tuna-2 can be used for safe and accurate assessment of the GCGR in human. It may serve as an important tool in understanding the in vivo pharmacology of novel drugs engaging the GCGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Eriksson
- Antaros Medical AB, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Velikyan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Haack
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Bossart
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Philip J Larsen
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Gunnar Antoni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Michael Wagner
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Wagner M, Doverfjord JG, Tillner J, Antoni G, Haack T, Bossart M, Laitinen I, Johansson L, Pierrou S, Eriksson O, Velikyan I. Automated GMP-Compliant Production of [ 68Ga]Ga-DO3A-Tuna-2 for PET Microdosing Studies of the Glucagon Receptor in Humans. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080176. [PMID: 32752075 PMCID: PMC7463542 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Tuna-2 (previously published as [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-S01-GCG) has shown high-affinity specific binding to the glucagon receptor (GCGR) in vitro and in vivo in rats and non-human primates in our previous studies, confirming the suitability of the tracer for drug development applications in humans. The manufacturing process of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Tuna-2 was automated for clinical use to meet the radiation safety and good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements. Methods: The automated synthesis platform (Modular-Lab PharmTrace, Eckert & Ziegler, Eurotope, Germany), disposable cassettes for 68Ga-labeling, and pharmaceutical-grade 68Ge/68Ga generator (GalliaPharm®) used in the study were purchased from Eckert & Ziegler. The parameters such as time, temperature, precursor concentration, radical scavenger, buffer concentration, and pH, as well as product purification step, were investigated and optimized. Process optimization was conducted with regard to product quality and quantity, as well as process reproducibility. The active pharmaceutical ingredient starting material DO3A-VS-Cys40-Tuna-2 (GMP-grade) was provided by Sanofi Aventis. Results: The reproducible and GMP-compliant automated production of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Tuna-2 with on-line documentation was developed. The non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield was 45.2 ± 2.5% (n = 3, process validation) at the end of the synthesis with a labeling synthesis duration of 38 min and a quality controlincluding release procedure of 20 min. The radiochemical purity of the product was 98.9 ± 0.6% (n = 17) with the total amount of the peptide in the preparation of 48 ± 2 µg (n = 3, process validation). Radionuclidic purity, sterility, endotoxin content, residual solvent content, and sterile filter integrity tests met the acceptance criteria. The product was stable at ambient temperature for at least 2 h. Conclusion: The fully automated GMP-compliant manufacturing process was developed and thoroughly validated. The resulting [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Tuna-2 was used in a clinical study for accurate quantification of GCGR occupancy by a dual anti-diabetic drug in vivo in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.H.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (I.V.); Tel.: +49-69-305-4875 (M.W.); Tel.: +46-70-483-4137 (I.V.)
| | - Johan G. Doverfjord
- PET Center, Center for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | | | - Gunnar Antoni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Torsten Haack
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Bossart
- R&D Research Platform, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, 65929 Frankfurt, Germany; (T.H.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Lars Johansson
- Antaros Medical AB, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; (L.J.); (S.P.); (O.E.)
| | - Stefan Pierrou
- Antaros Medical AB, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; (L.J.); (S.P.); (O.E.)
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Antaros Medical AB, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; (L.J.); (S.P.); (O.E.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Velikyan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (I.V.); Tel.: +49-69-305-4875 (M.W.); Tel.: +46-70-483-4137 (I.V.)
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8
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Eriksson O, Velikyan I, Haack T, Bossart M, Evers A, Laitinen I, Larsen PJ, Plettenburg O, Takano A, Halldin C, Antoni G, Johansson L, Pierrou S, Wagner M. Assessment of glucagon receptor occupancy by Positron Emission Tomography in non-human primates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14960. [PMID: 31628379 PMCID: PMC6800434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon receptor (GCGR) is an emerging target in anti-diabetic therapy. Reliable biomarkers for in vivo activity on the GCGR, in the setting of dual glucagon-like peptide 1/glucagon (GLP-1/GCG) receptor agonism, are currently unavailable. Here, we investigated [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG as a biomarker for GCGR occupancy in liver, the tissue with highest GCGR expression, in non-human primates (NHP) by PET. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG was evaluated by dynamic PET in NHPs by a dose escalation study design, where up to 67 µg/kg DO3A-S01-GCG peptide mass was co-injected. The test-retest reproducibility of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG binding in liver was evaluated. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of pre-treatment with acylated glucagon agonist 1-GCG on [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG binding in liver. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG bound to liver in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Negligible peptide mass effect was observed for DO3A-S01-GCG doses <0.2 µg/kg. In vivo Kd for [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG corresponded to 0.7 µg/kg, which indicates high potency. The test-retest reproducibility for [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG binding in liver was 5.7 ± 7.9%. Pre-treatment with 1-GCG, an acylated glucagon agonist, resulted in a GCGR occupancy of 61.5 ± 9.1% in liver. Predicted human radiation dosimetry would allow for repeated annual [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG PET examinations. In summary, PET radioligand [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG is a quantitative biomarker of in vivo GCGR occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Eriksson
- Antaros Medical AB, Mölndal, Sweden. .,Science For Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Irina Velikyan
- PET Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip J Larsen
- Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany.,Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- PET Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Waterton JC, Hines CDG, Hockings PD, Laitinen I, Ziemian S, Campbell S, Gottschalk M, Green C, Haase M, Hassemer K, Juretschke HP, Koehler S, Lloyd W, Luo Y, Mahmutovic Persson I, O'Connor JPB, Olsson LE, Pindoria K, Schneider JE, Sourbron S, Steinmann D, Strobel K, Tadimalla S, Teh I, Veltien A, Zhang X, Schütz G. Repeatability and reproducibility of longitudinal relaxation rate in 12 small-animal MRI systems. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 59:121-129. [PMID: 30872166 PMCID: PMC6477178 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many translational MR biomarkers derive from measurements of the water proton longitudinal relaxation rate R1, but evidence for between-site reproducibility of R1 in small-animal MRI is lacking. OBJECTIVE To assess R1 repeatability and multi-site reproducibility in phantoms for preclinical MRI. METHODS R1 was measured by saturation recovery in 2% agarose phantoms with five nickel chloride concentrations in 12 magnets at 5 field strengths in 11 centres on two different occasions within 1-13 days. R1 was analysed in three different regions of interest, giving 360 measurements in total. Root-mean-square repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of variation (CoV) were calculated. Propagation of reproducibility errors into 21 translational MR measurements and biomarkers was estimated. Relaxivities were calculated. Dynamic signal stability was also measured. RESULTS CoV for day-to-day repeatability (N = 180 regions of interest) was 2.34% and for between-centre reproducibility (N = 9 centres) was 1.43%. Mostly, these do not propagate to biologically significant between-centre error, although a few R1-based MR biomarkers were found to be quite sensitive even to such small errors in R1, notably in myocardial fibrosis, in white matter, and in oxygen-enhanced MRI. The relaxivity of aqueous Ni2+ in 2% agarose varied between 0.66 s-1 mM-1 at 3 T and 0.94 s-1 mM-1 at 11.7T. INTERPRETATION While several factors affect the reproducibility of R1-based MR biomarkers measured preclinically, between-centre propagation of errors arising from intrinsic equipment irreproducibility should in most cases be small. However, in a few specific cases exceptional efforts might be required to ensure R1-reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Waterton
- Bioxydyn Ltd, Manchester Science Park, Rutherford House, Pencroft Way, MANCHESTER M15 6SZ, United Kingdom; Centre for Imaging Sciences, Division of Informatics Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, MANCHESTER M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Paul D Hockings
- Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden; MedTech West, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Iina Laitinen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D TIM - Bioimaging Germany, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sabina Ziemian
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Müllerstraße 178, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon Campbell
- In-Vivo Bioimaging UK, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, STEVENAGE, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Gottschalk
- Lund University BioImaging Center, Klinikgatan 32, SE-222-42 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Claudia Green
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Müllerstraße 178, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Haase
- In-Vivo Bioimaging UK, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, STEVENAGE, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Katja Hassemer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D TIM - Bioimaging Germany, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hans-Paul Juretschke
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D TIM - Bioimaging Germany, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sascha Koehler
- Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Straße 23, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany.
| | - William Lloyd
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Division of Informatics Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, MANCHESTER M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Yanping Luo
- iSAT Discovery, Abbvie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064-1802, United States of America.
| | - Irma Mahmutovic Persson
- Department of Translational Sciences, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - James P B O'Connor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, MANCHESTER M20 4BX, United Kingdom. james.o'
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Translational Sciences, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kashmira Pindoria
- In-Vivo Bioimaging UK, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, STEVENAGE, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Jurgen E Schneider
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Steven Sourbron
- Leeds Imaging Biomarkers Group, Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, LIGHT Labs, Clarendon Way, LEEDS LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Denise Steinmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D TIM - Bioimaging Germany, Industriepark Höchst, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Klaus Strobel
- Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Straße 23, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany.
| | - Sirisha Tadimalla
- Leeds Imaging Biomarkers Group, Department of Biomedical Imaging Sciences, University of Leeds, LIGHT Labs, Clarendon Way, LEEDS LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Irvin Teh
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Andor Veltien
- Radboud university medical center, Radiology (766), P.O.Box 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- iSAT Discovery, Abbvie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064-1802, United States of America.
| | - Gunnar Schütz
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, MR and CT Contrast Media Research, Müllerstraße 178, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Velikyan I, Haack T, Bossart M, Evers A, Laitinen I, Larsen P, Plettenburg O, Johansson L, Pierrou S, Wagner M, Eriksson O. First-in-class positron emission tomography tracer for the glucagon receptor. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:17. [PMID: 30771019 PMCID: PMC6377692 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The glucagon receptor (GCGR) is emerging as an important target in anti-diabetic therapy, especially as part of the pharmacology of dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon (GLP-1/GCG) receptor agonists. However, currently, there are no suitable biomarkers that reliably demonstrate GCG receptor target engagement. Methods Two potent GCG receptor peptide agonists, S01-GCG and S02-GCG, were labeled with positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide gallium-68. The GCG receptor binding affinity and specificity of the resulting radiopharmaceuticals [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG and [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S02-GCG were evaluated in HEK-293 cells overexpressing the human GCG receptor and on frozen hepatic sections from human, non-human primate, and rat. In in vivo biodistribution, binding specificity and dosimetry were assessed in rat. Results [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG in particular demonstrated GCG receptor-mediated binding in cells and liver tissue with affinity in the nanomolar range required for imaging. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG binding was not blocked by co-incubation of a GLP-1 agonist. In vivo binding in rat liver was GCG receptor specific with low non-specific binding throughout the body. Moreover, the extrapolated human effective doses, predicted from rat biodistribution data, allow for repeated PET imaging potentially also in combination with GLP-1R radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusion [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-S01-GCG thus constitutes a first-in-class PET tracer targeting the GCG receptor, with suitable properties for clinical development. This tool has potential to provide direct quantitative evidence of GCG receptor occupancy in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-019-0482-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- PET Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Section of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Haack
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Bossart
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Evers
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iina Laitinen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philip Larsen
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Johansson
- Antaros Medical AB, Uppsala Science Park, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14B, Mölndal, SE-751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Pierrou
- Antaros Medical AB, Uppsala Science Park, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14B, Mölndal, SE-751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Wagner
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Antaros Medical AB, Uppsala Science Park, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14B, Mölndal, SE-751 83, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Science For Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Stark K, Schubert I, Joshi U, Kilani B, Hoseinpour P, Thakur M, Grünauer P, Pfeiler S, Schmidergall T, Stockhausen S, Bäumer M, Chandraratne S, von Brühl ML, Lorenz M, Coletti R, Reese S, Laitinen I, Wörmann SM, Algül H, Bruns CJ, Ware J, Mackman N, Engelmann B, Massberg S. Distinct Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer Microvesicle-Associated Venous Thrombosis Identifies New Antithrombotic Targets In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:772-786. [PMID: 29419408 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer patients are at high risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and venous thromboembolism, a leading cause of mortality in this population. However, it is largely unclear how malignant tumors drive the prothrombotic cascade culminating in DVT. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we addressed the pathophysiology of malignant DVT compared with nonmalignant DVT and focused on the role of tumor microvesicles as potential targets to prevent cancer-associated DVT. We show that microvesicles released by pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (pancreatic tumor-derived microvesicles [pcMV]) boost thrombus formation in a model of flow restriction of the mouse vena cava. This depends on the synergistic activation of coagulation by pcMV and host tissue factor. Unlike nonmalignant DVT, which is initiated and propagated by innate immune cells, thrombosis triggered by pcMV was largely independent of myeloid leukocytes or platelets. Instead, we identified externalization of the phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine as a major mechanism controlling the prothrombotic activity of pcMV. Disrupting phosphatidylethanolamine-dependent activation of factor X suppressed pcMV-induced DVT without causing changes in hemostasis. CONCLUSIONS Together, we show here that the pathophysiology of pcMV-associated experimental DVT differs markedly from innate immune cell-promoted nonmalignant DVT and is therefore amenable to distinct antithrombotic strategies. Targeting phosphatidylethanolamine on tumor microvesicles could be a new strategy for prevention of cancer-associated DVT without causing bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Stark
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.).
| | - Irene Schubert
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Urjita Joshi
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Badr Kilani
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Parandis Hoseinpour
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Manovriti Thakur
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Petra Grünauer
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Susanne Pfeiler
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Tobias Schmidergall
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Sven Stockhausen
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Markus Bäumer
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Sue Chandraratne
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Marie-Luise von Brühl
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Michael Lorenz
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Raffaele Coletti
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Sven Reese
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Iina Laitinen
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Sonja Maria Wörmann
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Hana Algül
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Jerry Ware
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Bernd Engelmann
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Steffen Massberg
- From the Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (K.S., I.S., B.K., P.H., T.S., S.S., S.C., M.-L.v.B., M.L., R.C., S.M.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (K.S., S.M.); Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin (U.J., M.T., P.G., S.P., M.B., B.E.) and Lehrstuhl für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Department of Veterinary Medicine (S.R.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (I.L.) and II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik (S.M.W., H.A.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany (C.J.B.); Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (J.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
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12
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Lee M, Minaskan N, Wiedemann T, Irmler M, Beckers J, Yousefi BH, Kaissis G, Braren R, Laitinen I, Pellegata NS. Targeting PI3K/mTOR signaling exerts potent antitumor activity in pheochromocytoma in vivo. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:1-15. [PMID: 27811202 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are mostly benign tumors, amenable to complete surgical resection. However, 10-17% of cases can become malignant, and once metastasized, there is no curative treatment for this disease. Given the need to identify the effective therapeutic approaches for PCC, we evaluated the antitumor potential of the dual-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 against these tumors. We employed an in vivo model of endogenous PCCs (MENX mutant rats), which closely recapitulate the human tumors. Mutant rats with PCCs were treated with 2 doses of BEZ235 (20 and 30 mg/kg), or with placebo, for 2 weeks. Treatment with BEZ235 induced cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on rat PCCs, which could be appreciated by both staining the tumors ex vivo with appropriate markers and non-invasively by functional imaging (diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging) in vivo Transcriptomic analyses of tumors from rats treated with BEZ235 or placebo-identified potential mediators of therapy response were performed. Slc6a2, encoding the norepinephrine transporter (NET), was downregulated in a dose-dependent manner by BEZ235 in rat PCCs. Moreover, BEZ235 reduced Slc6a2/NET expression in PCC cell lines (MPC) also. Studies of a BEZ235-resistant derivative of the MPC cell line confirmed that the reduction of NET expression associates with the response to the drug. Reduction of NET expression after BEZ235 treatment in vivo could be monitored by positron emission tomography (PET) using a tracer targeting NET. Altogether, here we demonstrate the efficacy of BEZ235 against PCC in vivo, and show that functional imaging can be employed to monitor the response of PCC to PI3K/mTOR inhibition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misu Lee
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ninelia Minaskan
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wiedemann
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental GeneticsHelmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität MünchenChair of Experimental Genetics, Freising, Germany
| | - Behrooz H Yousefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical RadiochemistryTechnische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Georgios Kaissis
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyKlinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyKlinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Iina Laitinen
- Department of Nuclear MedicineKlinikum rechts der Isar der Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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13
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Hyafil F, Pelisek J, Laitinen I, Schottelius M, Mohring M, Döring Y, van der Vorst EPC, Kallmayer M, Steiger K, Poschenrieder A, Notni J, Fischer J, Baumgartner C, Rischpler C, Nekolla SG, Weber C, Eckstein HH, Wester HJ, Schwaiger M. Imaging the Cytokine Receptor CXCR4 in Atherosclerotic Plaques with the Radiotracer 68Ga-Pentixafor for PET. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:499-506. [PMID: 27789718 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.179663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
68Ga-pentixafor is a radiotracer for PET that binds with nanomolar affinity to CXCR4. The CXCR4 receptor is expressed at the surface of inflammatory cells. The objective of the study was to analyze the ability of radiolabeled pentixafor to detect CXCR4 expression on inflammatory cells present in atherosclerotic plaques of an experimental rabbit model. Methods: Atherosclerotic plaques were induced by endothelial abrasion of the right carotid artery and abdominal aorta of 7 rabbits fed an atherogenic diet. Five noninjured rabbits fed a chow diet were used as controls. Rabbits were imaged on a PET/MR system after injection of 68Ga-pentixafor (15 MBq/kg). Vascular signal was quantified as tissue-to-background ratio (TBR). Biodistribution and autoradiographic studies were performed 1 h after injection of 125I-pentixafor (7.5 MBq/kg). In addition, blocking studies were performed in 2 atherosclerotic rabbits with preinjection of the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100. Tracer uptake was quantified on arterial cryosections using autoradiography and compared with CXCR4 and RAM-11 (macrophage) expression on adjacent histologic sections. Results: One hour after injection of 68Ga-pentixafor, strong signals were detected in vivo with PET/MR imaging in atherosclerotic plaques of the abdominal aorta and right carotid artery as compared with normal control arteries (mean TBR = 1.95 ± 0.51 vs. 1.22 ± 0.25 and mean TBR = 1.24 ± 0.38 vs. 0.96 ± 0.37, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Blocking studies with preinjection of a CXCR4 inhibitor reduced 125I-pentixafor uptake in atherosclerotic plaques by approximately 40%. 125I-pentixafor uptake in the vessel wall on autoradiographies was located in macrophage-rich regions of atherosclerotic plaques and correlated with the intensity of CXCR4 expression on corresponding cryosections (r2 = 0.61; P < 0.05). Conclusion:68Ga-pentixafor allows for the noninvasive detection of CXCR4 expression in the vessel wall with PET and emerges as a potential alternative to 18F-FDG for the assessment of macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm 1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Iina Laitinen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Miriam Mohring
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Kallmayer
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Notni
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm 1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Centre of Preclinical Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm 1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Centre of Preclinical Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Centre of Preclinical Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm 1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Centre of Preclinical Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and
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14
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Mall S, Yusufi N, Wagner R, Klar R, Bianchi H, Steiger K, Straub M, Audehm S, Laitinen I, Aichler M, Peschel C, Ziegler S, Mustafa M, Schwaiger M, D'Alessandria C, Krackhardt AM. Immuno-PET Imaging of Engineered Human T Cells in Tumors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4113-23. [PMID: 27354381 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive in vivo imaging technologies applicable to the clinical setting are still lacking for adoptive T-cell-based immunotherapies, an important gap to fill if mechanisms of tumor rejection or escape are to be understood. Here, we propose a highly sensitive imaging technology to track human TCR-transgenic T cells in vivo by directly targeting the murinized constant TCR beta domain (TCRmu) with a zirconium-89 ((89)Zr)-labeled anti-TCRmu-F(ab')2 fragment. Binding of the labeled or unlabeled F(ab')2 fragment did not impair functionality of transgenic T cells in vitro and in vivo Using a murine xenograft model of human myeloid sarcoma, we monitored by Immuno-PET imaging human central memory T cells (TCM), which were transgenic for a myeloid peroxidase (MPO)-specific TCR. Diverse T-cell distribution patterns were detected by PET/CT imaging, depending on the tumor size and rejection phase. Results were confirmed by IHC and semiquantitative evaluation of T-cell infiltration within the tumor corresponding to the PET/CT images. Overall, these findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for an imaging approach that is readily tractable for clinical translation. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4113-23. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mall
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nahid Yusufi
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ricarda Wagner
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Klar
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrique Bianchi
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Straub
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Audehm
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Iina Laitinen
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Peschel
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mona Mustafa
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela M Krackhardt
- Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany. Clinical Cooperation Group Antigen Specific T-Cell Therapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
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Mendler CT, Friedrich L, Laitinen I, Schlapschy M, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ, Skerra A. High contrast tumor imaging with radio-labeled antibody Fab fragments tailored for optimized pharmacokinetics via PASylation. MAbs 2015; 7:96-109. [PMID: 25484039 PMCID: PMC4622060 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.985522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) of antibodies constitute established tracers for in vivo radiodiagnostics, their functionality is hampered by a very short circulation half-life. PASylation, the genetic fusion with a long, conformationally disordered amino acid chain comprising Pro, Ala and Ser, provides a convenient way to expand protein size and, consequently, retard renal filtration. Humanized αHER2 and αCD20 Fabs were systematically fused with 100 to 600 PAS residues and produced in E. coli. Cytofluorimetric titration analysis on tumor cell lines confirmed that antigen-binding activities of the parental antibodies were retained. The radio-iodinated PASylated Fabs were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution analysis in mouse tumor xenograft models. While the unmodified αHER2 and αCD20 Fabs showed weak tumor uptake (0.8% and 0.2% ID/g, respectively; 24 h p.i.) tumor-associated radioactivity was boosted with increasing PAS length (up to 9 and 26-fold, respectively), approaching an optimum for Fab-PAS400. Remarkably, 6- and 5-fold higher tumor-to-blood ratios compared with the unmodified Fabs were measured in the biodistribution analysis (48 h p.i.) for αHER2 Fab-PAS100 and Fab-PAS200, respectively. These findings were confirmed by PET studies, showing high imaging contrast in line with tumor-to-blood ratios of 12.2 and 5.7 (24 h p.i.) for αHER2 Fab-PAS100 and Fab-PAS200. Even stronger tumor signals were obtained with the corresponding αCD20 Fabs, both in PET imaging and biodistribution analysis, with an uptake of 2.8% ID/g for Fab-PAS100vs. 0.24% ID/g for the unmodified Fab. Hence, by engineering Fabs via PASylation, plasma half-life can be tailored to significantly improve tracer uptake and tumor contrast, thus optimally matching reagent/target interactions.
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Key Words
- ABD, albumin binding domain
- CD20
- CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- CDR, complementarity-determining region
- CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fab, antigen-binding fragment
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- HER2
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- ID, injected dose
- IDA, iminodiacetic acid
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- MIP, maximum intensity projection
- NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- PEGylation
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- RIT, radioimmuno therapy
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
- antibody fragment
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- p.i., post injection
- plasma half-life
- protein tracer
- scFv, single-chain variable antibody fragment
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia T Mendler
- a Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie ; Technische Universität München ; Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
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Bouyoucef SE, Uusitalo V, Kamperidis V, De Graaf M, Maaniitty T, Stenstrom I, Broersen A, Scholte A, Saraste A, Bax J, Knuuti J, Furuhashi T, Moroi M, Awaya T, Masai H, Minakawa M, Kunimasa T, Fukuda H, Sugi K, Berezin A, Kremzer A, Clerc O, Kaufmann B, Possner M, Liga R, Vontobel J, Mikulicic F, Graeni C, Benz D, Kaufmann P, Buechel R, Ferreira M, Cunha M, Albuquerque A, Ramos D, Costa G, Lima J, Pego M, Peix A, Cisneros L, Cabrera L, Padron K, Rodriguez L, Heres F, Carrillo R, Mena E, Fernandez Y, Huizing E, Van Dijk J, Van Dalen J, Timmer J, Ottervanger J, Slump C, Jager P, Venuraju S, Jeevarethinam A, Yerramasu A, Atwal S, Mehta V, Lahiri A, Arjonilla Lopez A, Calero Rueda MJ, Gallardo G, Fernandez-Cuadrado J, Hernandez Aceituno D, Sanchez Hernandez J, Yoshida H, Mizukami A, Matsumura A, Smettei O, Abazid R, Sayed S, Mlynarska A, Mlynarski R, Golba K, Sosnowski M, Winther S, Svensson M, Jorgensen H, Bouchelouche K, Gormsen L, Holm N, Botker H, Ivarsen P, Bottcher M, Cortes CM, Aramayo G E, Daicz M, Casuscelli J, Alaguibe E, Neira Sepulveda A, Cerda M, Ganum G, Embon M, Vigne J, Enilorac B, Lebasnier A, Valancogne L, Peyronnet D, Manrique A, Agostini D, Menendez D, Rajpal S, Kocherla C, Acharya M, Reddy P, Sazonova I, Ilushenkova Y, Batalov R, Rogovskaya Y, Lishmanov Y, Popov S, Varlamova N, Prado Diaz S, Jimenez Rubio C, Gemma D, Refoyo Salicio E, Valbuena Lopez S, Moreno Yanguela M, Torres M, Fernandez-Velilla M, Lopez-Sendon J, Guzman Martinez G, Puente A, Rosales S, Martinez C, Cabada M, Melendez G, Ferreira R, Gonzaga A, Santos J, Vijayan S, Smith S, Smith M, Muthusamy R, Takeishi Y, Oikawa M, Goral JL, Napoli J, Montana O, Damico A, Quiroz M, Damico A, Forcada P, Schmidberg J, Zucchiatti N, Olivieri D, Jeevarethinam A, Venuraju S, Dumo A, Ruano S, Rakhit R, Davar J, Nair D, Cohen M, Darko D, Lahiri A, Yokota S, Ottervanger J, Maas A, Mouden M, Timmer J, Knollema S, Jager P, Sanja Mazic S, Lazovic B, Marina Djelic M, Jelena Suzic Lazic J, Tijana Acimovic T, Milica Deleva M, Vesnina Z, Zafrir N, Bental T, Mats I, Solodky A, Gutstein A, Hasid Y, Belzer D, Kornowski R, Ben Said R, Ben Mansour N, Ibn Haj Amor H, Chourabi C, Hagui A, Fehri W, Hawala H, Shugushev Z, Patrikeev A, Maximkin D, Chepurnoy A, Kallianpur V, Mambetov A, Dokshokov G, Teresinska A, Wozniak O, Maciag A, Wnuk J, Dabrowski A, Czerwiec A, Jezierski J, Biernacka K, Robinson J, Prosser J, Cheung G, Allan S, Mcmaster G, Reid S, Tarbuck A, Martin W, Queiroz R, Falcao A, Giorgi M, Imada R, Nogueira S, Chalela W, Kalil Filho R, Meneghetti W, Matveev V, Bubyenov A, Podzolkov V, Shugushev Z, Maximkin D, Chepurnoy A, Baranovich V, Faibushevich A, Kolzhecova Y, Volkova O, Kallianpur V, Peix A, Cabrera L, Padron K, Rodriguez L, Fernandez J, Lopez G, Mena E, Fernandez Y, Dondi M, Paez D, Butcher C, Reyes E, Al-Housni M, Green R, Santiago H, Ghiotto F, Hinton-Taylor S, Pottle A, Mason M, Underwood S, Casans Tormo I, Diaz-Exposito R, Plancha-Burguera E, Elsaban K, Alsakhri H, Yoshinaga K, Ochi N, Tomiyama Y, Katoh C, Inoue M, Nishida M, Suzuki E, Manabe O, Ito Y, Tamaki N, Tahilyani A, Jafary F, Ho Hee Hwa H, Ozdemir S, Kirilmaz B, Barutcu A, Tan Y, Celik F, Sakgoz S, Cabada Gamboa M, Puente Barragan A, Morales Vitorino N, Medina Servin M, Hindorf C, Akil S, Hedeer F, Jogi J, Engblom H, Martire V, Pis Diez E, Martire M, Portillo D, Hoff C, Balche A, Majgaard J, Tolbod L, Harms H, Bouchelouche K, Soerensen J, Froekiaer J, Gormsen L, Nudi F, Neri G, Procaccini E, Pinto A, Vetere M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Falcao A, Chalela W, Giorgi M, Imada R, Soares J, Do Val R, Oliveira M, Kalil Filho R, Meneghetti J, Tekabe Y, Anthony T, Li Q, Schmidt A, Johnson L, Groenman M, Tarkia M, Kakela M, Halonen P, Kiviniemi T, Pietila M, Yla-Herttuala S, Knuuti J, Roivainen A, Saraste A, Nekolla S, Swirzek S, Higuchi T, Reder S, Schachoff S, Bschorner M, Laitinen I, Robinson S, Yousefi B, Schwaiger M, Kero T, Lindsjo L, Antoni G, Westermark P, Carlson K, Wikstrom G, Sorensen J, Lubberink M, Rouzet F, Cognet T, Guedj K, Morvan M, El Shoukr F, Louedec L, Choqueux C, Nicoletti A, Le Guludec D, Jimenez-Heffernan A, Munoz-Beamud F, Sanchez De Mora E, Borrachero C, Salgado C, Ramos-Font C, Lopez-Martin J, Hidalgo M, Lopez-Aguilar R, Soriano E, Okizaki A, Nakayama M, Ishitoya S, Sato J, Takahashi K, Burchert I, Caobelli F, Wollenweber T, Nierada M, Fulsche J, Dieckmann C, Bengel F, Shuaib S, Mahlum D, Port S, Gemma D, Refoyo E, Cuesta E, Guzman G, Lopez T, Valbuena S, Fernandez-Velilla M, Del Prado S, Moreno M, Lopez-Sendon J, Harbinson M, Donnelly L, Einstein AJ, Johnson LL, Deluca AJ, Kontak AC, Groves DW, Stant J, Pozniakoff T, Cheng B, Rabbani LE, Bokhari S, Caobelli F, Schuetze C, Nierada M, Fulsche J, Dieckmann C, Bengel F, Aguade-Bruix S, Pizzi M, Romero-Farina G, Terricabras M, Villasboas D, Castell-Conesa J, Candell-Riera J, Brunner S, Gross L, Todica A, Lehner S, Di Palo A, Niccoli Asabella A, Magarelli C, Notaristefano A, Ferrari C, Rubini G, Sellem A, Melki S, Elajmi W, Hammami H, Ziadi M, Montero J, Ameriso J, Villavicencio R, Benito Gonzalez TF, Mayorga Bajo A, Gutierrez Caro R, Rodriguez Santamarta M, Alvarez Roy L, Martinez Paz E, Barinaga Martin C, Martin Fernandez J, Alonso Rodriguez D, Iglesias Garriz I, Gemma D, Refoyo E, Cuesta E, Guzman G, Valbuena S, Rosillo S, Del Prado S, Torres M, Moreno M, Lopez-Sendon J, Taleb S, Cherkaoui Salhi G, Regbaoui Y, Ait Idir M, Guensi A, Puente A, Rosales S, Martinez C, Cabada M, Benito Gonzalez TF, Mayorga Bajo A, Gutierrez Caro R, Rodriguez Santamarta M, Alvarez Roy L, Martinez Paz E, Martin Lopez CE, Castano Ruiz M, Martin Fernandez J, Iglesias Garriz I. Poster Session 2: Monday 4 May 2015, 08:00-18:00 * Room: Poster Area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Higuchi T, Yousefi BH, Reder S, Beschorner M, Laitinen I, Yu M, Robinson S, Wester HJ, Schwaiger M, Nekolla SG. Myocardial Kinetics of a Novel [(18)F]-Labeled Sympathetic Nerve PET Tracer LMI1195 in the Isolated Perfused Rabbit Heart. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:1229-1231. [PMID: 25797132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Laitinen I, Notni J, Pohle K, Rudelius M, Farrell E, Nekolla SG, Henriksen G, Neubauer S, Kessler H, Wester HJ, Schwaiger M. Comparison of cyclic RGD peptides for αvβ3 integrin detection in a rat model of myocardial infarction. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:38. [PMID: 23663426 PMCID: PMC3658936 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of αvβ3 integrin is increased after myocardial infarction as part of the repair process. Increased expression of αvβ3 has been shown by molecular imaging with 18F-galacto-RGD in a rat model. The 68Ga-labelled RGD compounds 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD and 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3 have high specificity and affinity, and may therefore serve as alternatives of 18F-galacto-RGD for integrin imaging. Methods Left coronary artery ligation was performed in rats. After 1 week, rats were imaged with [13N]NH3, followed by 18F-galacto-RGD, 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD or 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3 using a dedicated animal PET/CT device. Rats were killed, and the activity in tissues was measured by gamma counting. The heart was sectioned for autoradiography and histology. Immunohistochemistry was performed on consecutive sections using CD31 for the endothelial cells and CD61 for β3 expression (as part of the αvβ3 receptor). Results In vivo imaging showed focal RGD uptake in the hypoperfused area of infarcted myocardium as defined with [13N]NH3 scan. In autoradiography images, augmented uptake of all RGD tracers was observed within the infarct area as verified by the HE staining. The tracer uptake ratios (infarct vs. remote) were 4.7 ± 0.8 for 18F-galacto-RGD, 5.2 ± 0.8 for 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD, and 4.1 ± 0.7 for 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3. The 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD ratio was higher compared to 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3 (p = 0.04), but neither of the 68Ga tracers differed from 18F-galacto-RGD (p > 0.05). The area of augmented 68Ga-RGD uptake was associated with β3 integrin expression (CD61). Conclusion 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD and 68Ga-TRAP(RGD)3 uptake was equally increased in the infarct area at 1 week post infarction as 18F-galacto-RGD. These results show the potential of 68Ga-labelled RGD peptides to monitor integrin expression as a part of myocardial repair and angiogenesis after ischaemic injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Laitinen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, Munich 81675, Germany.
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Saraste A, Laitinen I, Weidl E, Wildgruber M, Weber AW, Nekolla SG, Hölzlwimmer G, Esposito I, Walch A, Leppänen P, Lisinen I, Luppa PB, Ylä-Herttuala S, Wester HJ, Knuuti J, Schwaiger M. Diet intervention reduces uptake of αvβ3 integrin-targeted PET tracer 18F-galacto-RGD in mouse atherosclerotic plaques. J Nucl Cardiol 2012; 19:775-84. [PMID: 22527796 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-012-9554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of α(v)β(3) integrin has been proposed as a marker for atherosclerotic lesion inflammation. We studied whether diet intervention reduces uptake of α(v)β(3) integrin-targeted positron emission tomography tracer (18)F-galacto-RGD in mouse atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypercholesterolemic LDLR(-/-) ApoB(100/100) mice on high-fat diet for 4 months were randomized to further 3 months on high-fat diet (high-fat group, n = 8) or regular mouse chow (intervention group, n = 7). Intima-media ratio describing plaque burden was comparable between intervention and high-fat groups (2.0 ± 0.5 vs 2.3 ± 0.8, P = .5). Uptake of (18)F-galacto-RGD in the aorta was lower in the intervention than high-fat group (%ID/g 0.16 vs 0.23, P < .01). Autoradiography showed 35% lower uptake of (18)F-galacto-RGD in the atherosclerotic plaques in the intervention than high-fat group (P = .007). Uptake of (18)F-galacto-RGD in plaques correlated with uptake of (3)H-deoxyglucose and nuclear density, which was lower in the intervention than high-fat group (P = .01). Flow cytometry demonstrated macrophages expressing α(v) and β(3) integrins in the aorta. CONCLUSIONS Uptake of (18)F-galacto-RGD in mouse atherosclerotic lesions was reduced by lipid-lowering diet intervention. Expression of α(v)β(3) integrin is a potential target for evaluation of therapy response in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Saraste
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Nuklearmedizinische Klinik der TU München, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Silvola JMU, Saraste A, Laitinen I, Savisto N, Laine VJO, Heinonen SE, Ylä-Herttuala S, Saukko P, Nuutila P, Roivainen A, Knuuti J. Effects of age, diet, and type 2 diabetes on the development and FDG uptake of atherosclerotic plaques. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 4:1294-301. [PMID: 22172786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of age, duration of a high-fat diet, and type 2 diabetes on atherosclerotic plaque development and uptake of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) in 2 mouse models. BACKGROUND The animal's age and start time and duration of a high-fat diet have effects on plaque composition in atherosclerotic mice. METHODS The aortas of atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice expressing only apolipoprotein B100 (LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100)) and atherosclerotic and diabetic mice overexpressing insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II/LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100)) were investigated at 4, 6, and 12 months of age and older after varying durations of high-fat diet. C57BL/6N mice on normal chow served as controls. Plaque size (intima-to-media ratio), macrophage density (Mac-3 staining), and plaque uptake of (18)F-FDG were studied by means of in vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography by ex vivo autoradiography and by histological and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS From the ages of 4 to 6 months and 12 months and older, the plaque size increased and the macrophage density decreased. Compared with the controls, the in vivo imaging showed increased aortic (18)F-FDG uptake at 4 and 6 months, but not at 12 months and older. Autoradiography showed focal (18)F-FDG uptake in plaques at all time points (average plaque-to-normal vessel wall ratio: 2.4 ± 0.4, p < 0.001) with the highest uptake in plaques with high macrophage density. There were no differences in the plaque size, macrophage density, or uptake of (18)F-FDG between LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100) and IGF-II/LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100) mice at any time point. CONCLUSIONS The 6-month-old LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100) and IGF-II/LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100) mice demonstrated highly inflamed, large, and extensive atherosclerotic plaques after 4 months of a high-fat diet, presenting a suitable model for studying the imaging of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation with (18)F-FDG. The presence of type 2 diabetes did not confound evaluation of plaque inflammation with (18)F-FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M U Silvola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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von Brühl ML, Stark K, Steinhart A, Chandraratne S, Konrad I, Lorenz M, Khandoga A, Tirniceriu A, Coletti R, Köllnberger M, Byrne RA, Laitinen I, Walch A, Brill A, Pfeiler S, Manukyan D, Braun S, Lange P, Riegger J, Ware J, Eckart A, Haidari S, Rudelius M, Schulz C, Echtler K, Brinkmann V, Schwaiger M, Preissner KT, Wagner DD, Mackman N, Engelmann B, Massberg S. Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:819-35. [PMID: 22451716 PMCID: PMC3328366 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1220] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major cause of cardiovascular death. The sequence of events that promote DVT remains obscure, largely as a result of the lack of an appropriate rodent model. We describe a novel mouse model of DVT which reproduces a frequent trigger and resembles the time course, histological features, and clinical presentation of DVT in humans. We demonstrate by intravital two-photon and epifluorescence microscopy that blood monocytes and neutrophils crawling along and adhering to the venous endothelium provide the initiating stimulus for DVT development. Using conditional mutants and bone marrow chimeras, we show that intravascular activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation via tissue factor (TF) derived from myeloid leukocytes causes the extensive intraluminal fibrin formation characteristic of DVT. We demonstrate that thrombus-resident neutrophils are indispensable for subsequent DVT propagation by binding factor XII (FXII) and by supporting its activation through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Correspondingly, neutropenia, genetic ablation of FXII, or disintegration of NETs each confers protection against DVT amplification. Platelets associate with innate immune cells via glycoprotein Ibα and contribute to DVT progression by promoting leukocyte recruitment and stimulating neutrophil-dependent coagulation. Hence, we identified a cross talk between monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets responsible for the initiation and amplification of DVT and for inducing its unique clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise von Brühl
- Deutsches Herzzentrum and I. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany
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Silvola JM, Laitinen I, Sipilä HJ, Laine VJO, Leppänen P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Knuuti J, Roivainen A. Uptake of 68gallium in atherosclerotic plaques in LDLR-/-ApoB100/100 mice. EJNMMI Res 2011; 1:14. [PMID: 22214258 PMCID: PMC3251160 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of artery wall characterized by infiltration of monocytes into subendothelial space and their differentiation into macrophages. Since rupture-prone plaques commonly contain high amounts of activated macrophages, imaging of the macrophage content may provide a useful tool for the evaluation of plaque vulnerability. The purpose of this study was to explore the uptake of 68gallium (68Ga) in atherosclerotic plaques in mice. METHODS Uptake of ionic 68Ga was investigated in atherosclerotic LDLR-/-ApoB100/100 and C57BL/6N control mice at 3 h after injection. The ex vivo biodistribution of the 68Ga was assessed and autoradiography of aortic cryosections was defined. In vivo imaging of 68Ga was performed using a small animal positron emission tomography PET/CT scanner. RESULTS Our results revealed that the uptake of 68Ga-radioactivity was higher in atherosclerotic plaques than in healthy vessel wall (ratio 1.8 ± 0.2, p = 0.0002) and adventitia (ratio 1.3 ± 0.2, p = 0.0011). The autoradiography signal co-localized with macrophages prominently as demonstrated by Mac-3 staining. In both mice strains, the highest level of radioactivity was found in the blood. CONCLUSIONS We observed a moderate but significantly elevated 68Ga-radioactivity uptake in the aortic plaques of atherosclerotic mice, especially at the sites rich in macrophages. While the uptake of 68Ga was promising in this animal model, the slow blood clearance may limit the usability of 68Ga as a PET tracer for clinical imaging of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Mu Silvola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Luoto P, Laitinen I, Suilamo S, Någren K, Roivainen A. Human dosimetry of carbon-11 labeled N-butan-2-yl-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxamide extrapolated from whole-body distribution kinetics and radiometabolism in rats. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 12:435-42. [PMID: 19941083 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carbon-11 labeled N-butan-2-yl-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxamide ([11C]PK11195) is a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) antagonist that is used as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical for neuroinflammatory imaging. This study was designed to investigate the radiation dosimetry of [11C]PK11195. PROCEDURES Whole-body distribution kinetics of intravenously administered [11C]PK11195 in rats was assessed by means of dynamic PET imaging, and estimates for human radiation dosimetry were calculated. Rat plasma and various tissue homogenates obtained at different time points after intravenous injection of [11C]PK11195 were analyzed by reversed-phase gradient radio-HPLC method using online radiodetection. In addition, in vitro stability of [11C]PK11195 was determined in rat brain homogenate by incubation at +37 degrees C. RESULTS PET imaging of rats showed the highest radioactivity levels in heart, kidneys, thyroid gland, liver, and lungs. The radioactivity cleared rapidly from lungs and slowly from heart and liver. However, much of the radioactivity retained in kidneys, which was in concordance with the observed low urinary excretion of [11C]PK11195. Extrapolating from the rat data, the effective dose of [11C]PK11195 for a 70-kg man was estimated to be 4.2 +/- 0.3 microSv/MBq. Five different radiometabolites were detected in rat plasma, and the level of intact [11C]PK11195 decreased from 80% +/- 11% (mean +/- SD) at 10 min to 44% +/- 5% at 40 min after injection. In rat heart, brain, kidney, and lung homogenates, more than 90% of total radioactivity originated from intact [11C]PK11195. In liver, however, the amount of [11C]PK11195 was approximately 70% and decreased over time, indicating metabolism by liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS [11C]PK11195 showed a fast uptake in many rat tissues and it was metabolized relatively fast in vivo, but not in brain in vitro. The estimated effective dose for humans speaks for the use of [11C]PK11195 in human PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Luoto
- Turku PET Center, University of Turku, FI-20521, Turku, Finland,
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Nuutila J, Jalava-Karvinen P, Hohenthal U, Laitinen I, Kotilainen P, Rajamäki A, Nikoskelainen J, Lilius EM. Comparison of degranulation of easily mobilizable intracellular granules by human phagocytes in healthy subjects and patients with infectious diseases. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:813-9. [PMID: 19559743 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare degranulation of easily mobilizable secretory vesicles (SVs) or secretory vesicle-like granules (SVLGs) in neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils of healthy controls (n = 60) and febrile patients with microbiologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed bacterial (n = 89) and viral (n = 46) infections. For this purpose, flow cytometric immunophenotyping of isolated phagocytes was performed using monoclonal antibodies against the phagocytosis receptors CR1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b) that are predominantly stored in the SVs of resting neutrophils. Similar to neutrophils, monocytes contain easily mobilizable SVLGs that constitute the main intracellular reservoir of CD35 and CD11b. In both neutrophils and monocytes, activation mechanisms leading to degranulation of SV and SVLG appeared dependent on both intra- and extracellular calcium levels. The kinetics of degranulation of SVLGs in control monocytes was significantly faster than that of SVs of control neutrophils. We conclude that phagocytes in patients with bacterial infections can be arranged in order of decreasing magnitude of SV or SVLG degranulation as follows (from left to right): neutrophils > monocytes " eosinophils. However, in viral infections, the corresponding degranulation order is monocytes > neutrophils approximately eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Nuutila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Laitinen I, Saraste A, Weidl E, Poethko T, Weber AW, Nekolla SG, Leppänen P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Hölzlwimmer G, Walch A, Esposito I, Wester HJ, Knuuti J, Schwaiger M. Evaluation of alphavbeta3 integrin-targeted positron emission tomography tracer 18F-galacto-RGD for imaging of vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic mice. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:331-8. [PMID: 19808614 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.108.846865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (18)F-Galacto-RGD is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer binding to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin that is expressed by macrophages and endothelial cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, we evaluated (18)F-galacto-RGD for imaging vascular inflammation by studying its uptake into atherosclerotic lesions of hypercholesterolemic mice in comparison to deoxyglucose. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypercholesterolemic LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100) mice on a Western diet and normally fed adult C57BL/6 control mice were injected with (18)F-galacto-RGD and (3)H-deoxyglucose followed by imaging with a small animal PET/CT scanner. The aorta was dissected 2 hours after tracer injection for biodistribution studies, autoradiography, and histology. Biodistribution of (18)F-galacto-RGD was higher in the atherosclerotic than in the normal aorta. Autoradiography demonstrated focal (18)F-galacto-RGD uptake in the atherosclerotic plaques when compared with the adjacent normal vessel wall or adventitia. Plaque-to-normal vessel wall ratios were comparable to those of deoxyglucose. Although angiogenesis was not detected, (18)F-galacto-RGD uptake was associated with macrophage density and deoxyglucose accumulation in the plaques. Binding to atherosclerotic lesions was efficiently blocked in competition experiments. In vivo imaging visualized (18)F-galacto-RGD uptake colocalizing with calcified lesions of the aortic arch as seen in CT angiography. CONCLUSIONS (18)F-Galacto-RGD demonstrates specific uptake in atherosclerotic lesions of mouse aorta. In this model, its uptake was associated with macrophage density. (18)F-Galacto-RGD is a potential tracer for noninvasive imaging of inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Laitinen
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik der TU Muenchen, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
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26
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Nuutila J, Jalava-Karvinen P, Hohenthal U, Laitinen I, Kotilainen P, Rajamäki A, Nikoskelainen J, Lilius EM. CRP/CD11b ratio: a novel parameter for detecting gram-positive sepsis. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:237-43. [PMID: 19480860 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To commence proper antibiotic treatment in sepsis, timely knowledge of whether the cause of systemic infection is gram-negative (gram(-)) or gram-positive (gram(+)) bacteria in origin would be beneficial for clinicians. In this clinical prospective study, our objective was to develop a method for distinguishing between gram(+) and gram(-) bacterial infection. In gram(-) bacterial infection (n = 21), the average amount of CD11b on neutrophils was significantly higher than in gram(+) bacterial infection (n = 22). On the contrary, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly higher in gram(+) than in gram(-) bacterial infection. By dividing the serum CRP value by the amount of CD11b on neutrophils, we derived a novel marker of gram(+) sepsis, CRP/CD11b ratio, which displayed 76% sensitivity and 80% specificity for the detection of gram(+) sepsis (n = 17) among febrile patients with microbiologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed bacterial infection. The detection of gram(+) sepsis is possible after the combination of neutrophil CD11b data and serum CRP level. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the proposed CRP/CD11b ratio test could potentially assist physicians in determining an appropriate antibiotic treatment in patients with severe bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Nuutila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Nuutila J, Hohenthal U, Laitinen I, Kotilainen P, Rajamäki A, Nikoskelainen J, Lilius EM. A novel method for distinguishing between dsDNA and ssRNA virus infections. J Clin Virol 2008; 43:49-55. [PMID: 18499515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To commence proper antiviral treatment, timely knowledge of whether the infection is caused by DNA or RNA virus would be beneficial for the clinician. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to develop a method for distinguishing between DNA and RNA virus infections. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective study, total and differential count of leukocytes, serum C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and quantitative flow cytometric analysis of FcgammaRI (CD64) on neutrophils and monocytes were obtained from 289 hospitalized febrile patients. After microbiological confirmation, 89 patients (31%) were found to have either bacterial (n=46) or viral (n=43) infection. The patient data was compared to 60 healthy controls. RESULTS For the first time ever, it was noticed that in dsDNA virus infections (n=21) the average amount of CD64 on neutrophils was over five-fold compared to ssRNA virus infections (n=22). CONCLUSIONS DNA virus score (DNAVS) point, which incorporates quantitative analysis of CD64 on neutrophils and total and differential count of leukocytes, varied between 0 and 8, and displayed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity in distinguishing between dsDNA and ssRNA virus infections [average (S.D.); DNAVS points: 5.4 (2.5) vs. 0.3 (0.4); p<0.001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Nuutila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, and Department of Medicine, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Soilu-Hänninen M, Laaksonen M, Laitinen I, Erälinna JP, Lilius EM, Mononen I. A longitudinal study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels indicate the importance of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis regulation in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:152-7. [PMID: 17578859 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past sun exposure and vitamin D3 supplementation have been associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). There are no previous longitudinal studies of vitamin D in MS. OBJECTIVES To compare regulation of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis between patients with MS and healthy controls. To study the correlation of parameters of vitamin D metabolism with MS activity. METHODS We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphate, magnesium, chloride, alkaline phosphatase, albumin and thyroid stimulating hormone in serum every 3 months and at the time of relapse over 1 year in 23 patients with MS and in 23 healthy controls. MRI burden of disease and T2 activity were assessed every 6 months. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency (S-25(OH)D < or = 37 nmol/l) was common, affecting half of the patients and controls at some time in the year. Seasonal variation of 25(OH)D was similar in patients and controls, but 25(OH)D serum levels were lower and intact PTH (iPTH) serum levels were higher during MS relapses than in remission. All 21 relapses during the study occurred at serum iPTH levels > 20 ng/l (2.2 pmol/l), whereas 38% of patients in remission had iPTH levels < or = 20 ng/l. Patients with MS had a relative hypocalcaemia and a blunted PTH response in the winter. There was no correlation between serum 25(OH)D and MRI parameters. CONCLUSIONS The endocrine circuitry regulating serum calcium may be altered in MS. There is an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D level and MS clinical activity. The role of vitamin D in MS must be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soilu-Hänninen
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland.
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Nuutila J, Hohenthal U, Laitinen I, Kotilainen P, Rajamäki A, Nikoskelainen J, Lilius EM. Simultaneous quantitative analysis of FcgammaRI (CD64) expression on neutrophils and monocytes: a new, improved way to detect infections. J Immunol Methods 2007; 328:189-200. [PMID: 17905303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We performed simultaneous quantitative flow cytometric analysis of neutrophil and monocyte FcgammaRI (CD64) in 289 hospitalized febrile patients. Microbiological evaluation or clinical diagnosis confirmed bacterial (n=89) or viral (n=46) infection in 135 patients. Patient data were compared with data from 60 healthy controls. The average number of FcgammaRI on the surfaces of both neutrophils and monocytes was significantly increased in patients with febrile viral and bacterial infections, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we describe a novel marker of febrile infection, designated 'CD64 score point', which incorporates the quantitative analysis of FcgammaRI expressed on both neutrophils and monocytes, with 94% sensitivity and 98% specificity in distinguishing between febrile infections and healthy controls. By contrast, analysis of FcgammaRI expression on neutrophils and monocytes displayed poor sensitivity (73% and 52%) and specificity (65% and 52%) in distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections, and the levels did not differ significantly between systemic (sepsis), local, and clinically diagnosed bacterial infections. In summary, our results clearly show that the increased number of FcgammaRI on neutrophils and monocytes is a useful marker of febrile infection, but cannot be applied for differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral infections or between systemic and local bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Nuutila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Laitinen I, Marjamäki P, Haaparanta M, Någren K, Laine V, Leppänen P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Roivainen A, Knuuti J. PO9-244 UPTAKE OF 11C-PK11195, A MARKER OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS, INTO ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES IN MICE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Suomalainen T, Lagström H, Mättö J, Saarela M, Arvilommi H, Laitinen I, Ouwehand AC, Salminen S. Influence of whey-based fruit juice containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus on intestinal well-being and humoral immune response in healthy adults. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nuutila J, Hohenthal U, Laitinen I, Kotilainen P, Rajamäki A, Nikoskelainen J, Lilius EM. Quantitative analysis of complement receptors, CR1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b), on neutrophils improves distinction between bacterial and viral infections in febrile patients: Comparison with standard clinical laboratory data. J Immunol Methods 2006; 315:191-201. [PMID: 16970963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for sensitive and specific markers of bacterial infection. In this prospective study, standard clinical laboratory data (neutrophil count, serum C reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and quantitative flow cytometric analysis of neutrophil complement receptors, CR1 and CR3, were obtained from 289 hospitalized febrile patients. After microbiological confirmation or clinical diagnosis, 135 patients were found to have either bacterial (n = 89) or viral (n = 46) infection. The patient data was compared to 60 healthy controls. In bacterial infections, all measured variables were significantly increased, particularly the average amounts of CR1 and CR3 on neutrophils were over three-fold and two-fold higher, respectively, compared to viral infections and controls. We described a novel marker of local and systemic bacterial infections designated 'clinical infection score (CIS) point', which incorporates quantitative analysis of complement receptors on neutrophils and standard clinical laboratory data. CIS point varied between 0 and 8, and displayed 98% sensitivity and 97% specificity in distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections [average (S.D.); CIS points: 6.2 (1.7) vs. 0.6 (1.0); p < 0.001]. These findings suggest that the proposed CIS-based diagnostic test could potentially assist physicians in deciding whether antibiotic treatment is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Nuutila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Arcanum, Vatselankatu 2, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Laitinen I, Marjamäki P, Haaparanta M, Savisto N, Laine VJO, Soini SL, Wilson I, Leppänen P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Roivainen A, Knuuti J. Non-specific binding of [18F]FDG to calcifications in atherosclerotic plaques: experimental study of mouse and human arteries. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33:1461-7. [PMID: 16845513 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE [(18)F]FDG has been used as an inflammation marker and shown to accumulate in inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake and location of [(18)F]FDG in atherosclerotic plaque compartments. METHODS The biodistribution of intravenously administered [(18)F]FDG was analysed in atherosclerotic LDLR/ApoB48 mice (n=11) and control mice (n=9). Digital autoradiography was used to detect the ex vivo distribution in frozen aortic sections. In vitro binding of [(18)F]FDG in human atherosclerotic arteries was also examined. RESULTS The uptake of [(18)F]FDG was significantly higher in the aorta of atherosclerotic mice as compared with the control mice. Autoradiography of excised arteries showed higher [(18)F]FDG uptake in the plaques than in the healthy vessel wall (mean ratio +/-SD 2.7+/-1.1). The uptake of [(18)F]FDG in the necrotic, calcified sites of the advanced atherosclerotic lesions was 6.2+/-3.2 times higher than that in the healthy vessel wall. The in vitro studies of human arterial sections showed marked binding of [(18)F]FDG to the calcifications but not to other structures of the artery wall. CONCLUSION In agreement with previous studies, we observed [(18)F]FDG uptake in atherosclerotic plaques. However, prominent non-specific binding to calcified structures was found. This finding warrants further studies to clarify the significance of this non-specific binding in human plaques in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Laitinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Hohenthal U, Nuutila J, Lilius EM, Laitinen I, Nikoskelainen J, Kotilainen P. Measurement of complement receptor 1 on neutrophils in bacterial and viral pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:11. [PMID: 16433910 PMCID: PMC1397848 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A reliable prediction of the causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not possible based on clinical features. Our aim was to test, whether the measurement of the expression of complement receptors or Fcγ receptors on neutrophils and monocytes would be a useful preliminary test to differentiate between bacterial and viral pneumonia. Methods Sixty-eight patients with CAP were studied prospectively. Thirteen patients had pneumococcal pneumonia; 13 patients, influenza A pneumonia; 5 patients, atypical pneumonia, and 37 patients, aetiologically undefined pneumonia. Leukocyte receptor expression was measured within 2 days of hospital admission. Results The mean expression of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on neutrophils was significantly higher in the patients with pneumococcal pneumonia than in those with influenza A pneumonia. The mean expression of CR1 was also significantly higher in aetiologically undefined pneumonia than in influenza A pneumonia, but there was no difference between pneumococcal and undefined pneumonia. Conclusion Our results suggest that the expression of CR1 is higher in classical bacterial pneumonia than in viral pneumonia. Determination of the expression of CR1 may be of value as an additional rapid tool in the aetiological diagnosis, bacterial or viral infection, of CAP. These results are preliminary and more research is needed to assess the utility of this new method in the diagnostics of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Hohenthal
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Nuutila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Iina Laitinen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Nikoskelainen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pirkko Kotilainen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku, Finland
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