1
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Aitken V, Diaz K, Soto M, Olea AF, Cuellar MA, Nuñez M, Espinoza-Catalán L. New Brassinosteroid Analogs with 23,24-Dinorcholan Side Chain, and Benzoate Function at C-22: Synthesis, Assessment of Bioactivity on Plant Growth, and Molecular Docking Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:419. [PMID: 38203590 PMCID: PMC10778888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of brassinosteroids (BRs) analogs with chemical modification in the side alkyl chain is a matter of current interest. Recently, a series of BR analogs with phenyl or benzoate groups in the alkyl chain have been reported. The effect of substitution in the aromatic ring on the biological activities of these new analogs has been evaluated, and the results suggest that the bioactivity is enhanced by substitution with an F atom. In this context, we have synthesized, characterized, and evaluated a series of new analogs of 23,24-bisnorcholenic type in which the benzoate group at the C-22 position is substituted with an F atom at "ortho or para" positions. Plant growth-promoting activities were evaluated by using the rice lamina inclination test and bean second internode biotest. The results obtained with both bioassays indicate that the compound with an F atom in the para position on the aromatic ring is the most active BR analog and in some cases is even more active than brassinolide. The docking study confirmed that compounds with an F atom adopt an orientation similar to that predicted for brassinolide, and the F atom in the "para" position generates an extra hydrogen bond in the predicted binding position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Aitken
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (V.A.); (K.D.); (M.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Katy Diaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (V.A.); (K.D.); (M.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Mauricio Soto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (V.A.); (K.D.); (M.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Cuellar
- Facultad de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Maria Nuñez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (V.A.); (K.D.); (M.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Luis Espinoza-Catalán
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (V.A.); (K.D.); (M.S.); (M.N.)
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2
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Mesa D, Augusto YE, Hernández G, Figueroa-Macías JP, Coll F, Olea AF, Núñez M, Campo HA, Coll Y, Espinoza L. The Synthesis of Novel aza-Steroids and α, β-Unsaturated-Cyanoketone from Diosgenin. Molecules 2023; 28:7283. [PMID: 37959702 PMCID: PMC10649921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of aza-steroids and steroidal sapogenins on human cancer cell lines. The scientific community has shown a growing interest in these compounds as drug candidates for cancer treatment. In the current work, we report the synthesis of new diosgenin oxime derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents. From (25 R)-5α-spirost-3,5,6-triol (1), a diosgenin derivative, ketones 2, 3, 4, and 9 were obtained and used as precursors of the new oximes. A condensation reaction was carried out between the steroidal ketones (2, 3, 4, and 9) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine to produce five spirostanic oximes (four of them are not reported before) with a 42-96% yield. Also, a new spirostanic α, β-unsaturated cyanoketone was synthesized via Beckmann fragmentation using thionyl chloride with a 62% yield. Furthermore, we proposed a reaction mechanism with the aim of explaining such transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Mesa
- Center for Natural Product Researches, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Vedado, Havana 10400, Cuba; (D.M.); (Y.E.A.); (G.H.); (J.P.F.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Yarelys E. Augusto
- Center for Natural Product Researches, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Vedado, Havana 10400, Cuba; (D.M.); (Y.E.A.); (G.H.); (J.P.F.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Giselle Hernández
- Center for Natural Product Researches, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Vedado, Havana 10400, Cuba; (D.M.); (Y.E.A.); (G.H.); (J.P.F.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Juan P. Figueroa-Macías
- Center for Natural Product Researches, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Vedado, Havana 10400, Cuba; (D.M.); (Y.E.A.); (G.H.); (J.P.F.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francisco Coll
- Center for Natural Product Researches, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Vedado, Havana 10400, Cuba; (D.M.); (Y.E.A.); (G.H.); (J.P.F.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Grupo QBAB, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 7500912, Chile;
| | - María Núñez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
| | - Hernán Astudillo Campo
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Electroquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Cauca, Calle 5 No. 4-70, Popayán 190003, Colombia
| | - Yamilet Coll
- Center for Natural Product Researches, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Vedado, Havana 10400, Cuba; (D.M.); (Y.E.A.); (G.H.); (J.P.F.-M.); (F.C.)
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile;
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Pino S, Espinoza L, Jara-Gutiérrez C, Villena J, Olea AF, Díaz K. Study of Cannabis Oils Obtained from Three Varieties of C. sativa and by Two Different Extraction Methods: Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activities. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12091772. [PMID: 37176831 PMCID: PMC10180737 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, much effort is being placed into obtaining extracts and/or essential oils from Cannabis sativa L. for specific therapeutic purposes or pharmacological compositions. These potential applications depend mainly on the phytochemical composition of the oils, which in turn are determined by the type of C. sativa and the extraction method used to obtain the oils. In this work, we have evaluated the contents of secondary metabolites, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD), in addition to the total phenolic, flavonoids, and anthraquinone content in oils obtained using solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SCF). Different varieties of C. sativa were chosen by using the ratio of THC to CBD concentrations. Additionally, antioxidant, antifungal and anticancer activities on different cancer cell lines were evaluated in vitro. The results indicate that oils extracted by SLE, with high contents of CBD, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, exhibit a high antioxidant capacity and induce a high decrease in the cell viability of the tested breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The observed biological activities are attributed to the entourage effect, in which CBD, phenols and flavonoids play a key role. Therefore, it is concluded that the right selection of C. sativa variety and the solvent for SLE extraction method could be used to obtain the optimal oil composition to develop a natural anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Pino
- LABSUN (Laboratorio Sustentable Natural), Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Carlos Jara-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación-Estrés Oxidativo, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Joan Villena
- Laboratorio de Investigación-Estrés Oxidativo, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
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Pacheco DF, Alonso D, Ceballos LG, Castro AZ, Brown Roldán S, García Díaz M, Villa Testa A, Wagner SF, Piloto-Ferrer J, García YC, Olea AF, Espinoza L. Synthesis of Four Steroidal Carbamates with Antitumor Activity against Mouse Colon Carcinoma CT26WT Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158775. [PMID: 35955909 PMCID: PMC9369283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. If detected on time, surgery can expand life expectations of patients up to five more years. However, if metastasis has grown deliberately, the use of chemotherapy can play a crucial role in CRC control. Moreover, the lack of selectivity of current anticancer drugs, plus mutations that occur in cancerous cells, demands the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. Several steroids have shown their potentiality as anticancer agents, while some other compounds, such as Taxol and its derivatives bearing a carbamate functionality, have reached the market. In this article, the synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative activity of four steroidal carbamates on mouse colon carcinoma CT26WT cells are described. Carbamate synthesis occurred via direct reaction between diosgenin, its B-ring modified derivative, and testosterone with phenyl isocyanate under a Brønsted acid catalysis. All obtained compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRMS); their melting points are also reported. Results obtained from antiproliferative activity assays indicated that carbamates compounds have inhibitory effects on the growth of this colon cancer cell line. A molecular docking study carried out on Human Prostaglandin E Receptor (EP4) showed a high affinity between carbamates and protein, thus providing a valuable theoretical explanation of the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daylin Fernández Pacheco
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Dayana Alonso
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Leonardo González Ceballos
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Armando Zaldo Castro
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | | | - Mairelys García Díaz
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Yamilet Coll García
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata and G, Havana 10400, Cuba
- Correspondence: (Y.C.G.); (L.E.); Tel.: +53-52952050 (Y.C.G.); +56-32-2654225 (L.E.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (Y.C.G.); (L.E.); Tel.: +53-52952050 (Y.C.G.); +56-32-2654225 (L.E.)
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Arrieche D, Carrasco H, Olea AF, Espinoza L, San-Martín A, Taborga L. Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Chilean Marine Algae: A Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:337. [PMID: 35621988 PMCID: PMC9147571 DOI: 10.3390/md20050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chile is in the extreme southwestern part of America, and it has an extreme length, of approximately 4300 km that increases to 8000 km considering the Chilean Antarctic Territory. Despite the large extent of its coastal territory and the diversity of geographic environments and climates associated with Chilean coasts, the research on marine resources in Chile has been rather scarce. From marine organisms found in Chilean coastal waters, algae have been the most studied, since they contain a wide range of interesting secondary metabolites that have some structural traits that make them unique and uncharacteristic. Thus, a wide structural variety of natural products including terpenoids (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and meroterpenoids), furanones, and C15-acetogenins have been isolated and identified. This review describes the existing literature on bioprospecting and exploration of secondary metabolites from Chilean coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dioni Arrieche
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, CP, Chile; (D.A.); (L.E.)
| | - Héctor Carrasco
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, CP, Chile; (H.C.); (A.F.O.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Grupo QBAB, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, CP, Chile; (H.C.); (A.F.O.)
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, CP, Chile; (D.A.); (L.E.)
| | - Aurelio San-Martín
- Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6200112, CP, Chile
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, CP, Chile; (D.A.); (L.E.)
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6
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Soto M, Estevez-Braun A, Amesty Á, Kluepfel J, Restrepo S, Diaz K, Espinoza L, Olea AF, Taborga L. Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Hydrated Geranylated Phenols against Botrytis cinerea. Molecules 2021; 26:6815. [PMID: 34833907 PMCID: PMC8620067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a ubiquitous fungus that affects hundreds of plants, resulting in economic losses to the horticulture and fruit industry. The search for new antifungal agents is a matter of current interest. Thus, in this work a series of geranylated phenols in which the side alkyl chain has been hydrated have been synthesized, and their activity against B. cinerea has been evaluated. The coupling of phenol and geraniol has been accomplished under microwave irradiation obtaining the highest reaction yields in the shortest reaction times. Hydration of the side chain was carried out in dioxane with p-toluenesulfonic acid polymer-bound as the catalyst. All synthesized compounds were tested against B. cinerea using the growth inhibition assay and EC50 values were determined. The results show that activity depends on the number and nature of functional groups in the phenol ring and hydration degree of the geranyl chain. The most active compound is 1,4-dihydroquinone with one hydroxyl group attached at the end of the alkyl chain. Results from a molecular docking study suggest that hydroxyl groups in the phenol ring and alkyl chain are important in the binding of compounds to the active site, and that the experimental antifungal activity correlates with the number of H-bond that can be formed in the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Soto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (M.S.); (S.R.); (K.D.); (L.E.)
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Fco, Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (A.E.-B.); (Á.A.)
| | - Ana Estevez-Braun
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Fco, Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (A.E.-B.); (Á.A.)
| | - Ángel Amesty
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (CIBICAN), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Fco, Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (A.E.-B.); (Á.A.)
| | - Julia Kluepfel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susana Restrepo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (M.S.); (S.R.); (K.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Katy Diaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (M.S.); (S.R.); (K.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (M.S.); (S.R.); (K.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Grupo de Química y Bioquímica Aplicada en Biotecnología, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (M.S.); (S.R.); (K.D.); (L.E.)
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Cantero-López P, Santoyo-Flores J, Vega A, Carreño A, Fuentes JA, Ramirez-Osorio A, Ortiz A, Illicachi LA, Sánchez J, Olea AF, Páez-Hernández D. A theoretical chemistry-based strategy for the rational design of new luminescent lanthanide complexes: an approach from a multireference SOC-NEVPT2 method. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13561-13571. [PMID: 34514486 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical methods of the SOC-NEVPT2 type combined with a molecular fragmentation scheme have been proven to be a powerful tool that allows explaining the luminescence sensitization mechanism in Ln(III) coordination compounds through the antenna effect. In this work, we have used this strategy to predict luminescence in a family of compounds of the Eu(R-phen)(BTA)3 type where R-phen = 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Me-phen), 5-nitro-1,10-71 phenanthroline (Nitro-phen), 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (One-phen), or 5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-1,10-72 phenanthroline (Epoxy-phen); and BTA = fluorinated β-diketone. Possible sensitization pathways were elucidated from the energy difference between the ligand-centered triplet (3T) states and the emissive excited states of the Eu(III) fragments (Latva rules). Calculations show that the most probable mechanism occurs through the triplet state of the BTA which should be enriched by several parallel energy transfer pathways from R-phen substituents. The complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and various other physicochemical and spectroscopic methods to realize their optical properties and energy transfer pathways from dual antennae. Experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, which reinforces the predictive power of the used theoretical methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Cantero-López
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Julián Santoyo-Flores
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Química, Universidad Andrés Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alexander Carreño
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patógénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Ramirez-Osorio
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Ortiz
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia.,Center for Research and Innovation in Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFi, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edificio 320, No. 1069, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Illicachi
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia.,Center for Research and Innovation in Bioinformatics and Photonics-CIBioFi, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edificio 320, No. 1069, Cali, Colombia
| | - Julio Sánchez
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dayán Páez-Hernández
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile. .,Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, República 275, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Soto N, Ferrer K, Díaz K, González C, Taborga L, Olea AF, Carrasco H, Espinoza L. Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Brassinosteroid Analogs of Type 24-Nor-5β-Cholane and 23-Benzoate Function in the Side Chain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094808. [PMID: 34062717 PMCID: PMC8124218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are polyhydroxysteroids that are involved in different plants’ biological functions, such as growth, development and resistance to biotic and external stresses. Because of its low abundance in plants, much effort has been dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of brassinosteroids analogs. Herein, we report the synthesis of brassinosteroid 24-nor-5β-cholane type analogs with 23-benzoate function and 22,23-benzoate groups. The synthesis was accomplished with high reaction yields in a four-step synthesis route and using hyodeoxycholic acid as starting material. All synthesized analogs were tested using the rice lamina inclination test to assess their growth-promoting activity and compare it with those obtained for brassinolide, which was used as a positive control. The results indicate that the diasteroisomeric mixture of monobenzoylated derivatives exhibit the highest activity at the lowest tested concentrations (1 × 10−8 and 1 × 10−7 M), being even more active than brassinolide. Therefore, a simple synthetic procedure with high reaction yields that use a very accessible starting material provides brassinosteroid synthetic analogs with promising effects on plant growth. This exploratory study suggests that brassinosteroid analogs with similar chemical structures could be a good alternative to natural brassinosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitza Soto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, CP 2340000, Chile; (N.S.); (K.F.); (K.D.); (C.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Karoll Ferrer
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, CP 2340000, Chile; (N.S.); (K.F.); (K.D.); (C.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, CP 2340000, Chile; (N.S.); (K.F.); (K.D.); (C.G.); (L.T.)
| | - César González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, CP 2340000, Chile; (N.S.); (K.F.); (K.D.); (C.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, CP 2340000, Chile; (N.S.); (K.F.); (K.D.); (C.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, CP 8900000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (A.F.O.); (L.E.); Tel.: +56-32-2654425 (L.E.)
| | - Héctor Carrasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, CP 8900000, Chile;
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, CP 2340000, Chile; (N.S.); (K.F.); (K.D.); (C.G.); (L.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.O.); (L.E.); Tel.: +56-32-2654425 (L.E.)
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9
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Ferrer K, Díaz K, Kvasnica M, Olea AF, Cuellar M, Espinoza L. Synthesis of New Brassinosteroid 24-Norcholane Type Analogs Conjugated in C-3 with Benzoate Groups. Molecules 2021; 26:1173. [PMID: 33671806 PMCID: PMC7927124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of brassinosteroid leads to structural modifications in the ring skeleton or the side alkyl chain. The esterification and glycosylation at C-3 are the most common metabolic pathways, and it has been suggested that conjugate brassinosteroids are less active or inactive. In this way, plants regulate the content of active brassinosteroids. In this work, the synthesis of brassinosteroid 24-norcholane type analogs conjugated at C-3 with benzoate groups, carrying electron donor and electron attractant substituents on the aromatic ring, is described. Additionally, their growth-promoting activities were evaluated using the Rice Lamina Inclination Test (RLIT) and compared with that exhibited by brassinolide (used as positive control) and non-conjugated analogs. The results indicate that at the lowest tested concentrations (10-8-10-7 M), all analogs conjugated at C-3 exhibit similar or higher activities than brassinolide, and the diasteroisomers with S configuration at C-22 are the more active ones. Increasing concentration (10-6 M) reduces the biological activities of analogs as compared to brassinolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoll Ferrer
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.F.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.F.); (K.D.)
| | - Miroslav Kvasnica
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Mauricio Cuellar
- Facultad de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1093, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.F.); (K.D.)
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10
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Díaz K, Espinoza L, Carvajal R, Silva-Moreno E, Olea AF, Rubio J. Exogenous Application of Brassinosteroid 24-Norcholane 22( S)-23-Dihydroxy Type Analogs to Enhance Water Deficit Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031158. [PMID: 33503838 PMCID: PMC7865588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that play an essential role in plant development and have the ability to protect plants against various environmental stresses, such as low and high temperature, drought, heat, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and pesticides. Mitigation of stress effects are produced through independent mechanisms or by interaction with other important phytohormones. However, there are few studies in which this property has been reported for BRs analogs. Thus, in this work, the enhancement of drought stress tolerance of A. thaliana was assessed for a series of 2-deoxybrassinosteroid analogs. In addition, the growth-promoting activity in the Rice Lamina Inclination Test (RLIT) was also evaluated. The results show that analog 1 exhibits similar growth activity as brassinolide (BL; used as positive control) in the RLIT bioassay. Interestingly, both compounds increase their activities by a factor of 1.2–1.5 when they are incorporated to polymer micelles formed by Pluronic F-127. On the other hand, tolerance to water deficit stress of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was evaluated by determining survival rate and dry weight of seedlings after the recovery period. In both cases, the effect of analog 1 is higher than that exhibited by BL. Additionally, the expression of a subset of drought stress marker genes was evaluated in presence and absence of exogenous applied BRs. Results obtained by qRT-PCR analysis, indicate that transcriptional changes of AtDREBD2A and AtNCED3 genes were more significant in A. thaliana treated with analog 1 in homogeneous solution than in that treated with BL. These changes suggest the activation of alternative pathway in response to water stress deficit. Thus, exogenous application of BRs synthetic analogs could be a potential tool for improvement of crop production under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Evelyn Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Agropecuarias, INIA–La Platina, Avda. Santa Rosa, Santiago 11610, Chile;
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910339, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.F.O.); (J.R.); Tel.: +56-322-652-843 (A.F.O. & J.R.)
| | - Julia Rubio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910339, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.F.O.); (J.R.); Tel.: +56-322-652-843 (A.F.O. & J.R.)
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11
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Díaz K, Espinoza L, Carvajal R, Conde-González M, Niebla V, Olea AF, Coll Y. Biological Activities and Molecular Docking of Brassinosteroids 24-Norcholane Type Analogs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1832. [PMID: 32155857 PMCID: PMC7084776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest and design of new brassinosteroids analogs is a matter of current interest. Herein, the effect of short alkyl side chains and the configuration at C22 on the growth-promoting activity of a series of new brassinosteroid 24-norcholan-type analogs have been evaluated by the rice leaf inclination test using brassinolide as positive control. The highest activities were found for triol 3 with a C22(S) configuration and monobenzoylated derivatives. A docking study of these compounds into the active site of the Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1(BRI1)-ligand-BRI1-Associated Receptor Kinase 1 (BAK1) complex was performed using AutoDock Vina, and protein-ligand contacts were analyzed using LigPlot+. The results suggest that the hydrophobic interactions of ligands with the receptor BRI1LRR and hydrogen bonding with BAK1 in the complex are important for ligand recognition. For monobenzoylated derivatives, the absence of the hydrophobic end in the alkyl chain seems to be compensated by the benzoyl group. Thus, it would be interesting to determine if this result depends on the nature of the substituent group. Finally, mixtures of S/R triols 3/4 exhibit activities that are comparable or even better than those found for brassinolide. Thus, these compounds are potential candidates for application in agriculture to improve the growth and yield of plants against various types of biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; (K.D.); (L.E.); (R.C.)
| | - Marcos Conde-González
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana. Zapata y G, La Habana 10400, Cuba; (M.C.-G.); (V.N.)
| | - Vladimir Niebla
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana. Zapata y G, La Habana 10400, Cuba; (M.C.-G.); (V.N.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile
| | - Yamilet Coll
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana. Zapata y G, La Habana 10400, Cuba; (M.C.-G.); (V.N.)
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12
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Oyarce J, Aitken V, González C, Ferrer K, Olea AF, Parella T, Espinoza Catalán L. Synthesis and Structural Determination of New Brassinosteroid 24-Nor-5α-Cholane Type Analogs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244612. [PMID: 31861056 PMCID: PMC6943489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural brassinosteroids possess a 22R, 23R configuration that appears essential for biological activity. It is, therefore, interesting to elucidate if the activity of brassinosteroids with a short side chain depends on the C22 configuration. Herein, we describe the synthesis of new brassinosteroids analogs with 24-norcholane type of side chain and R configuration at C22. The initial reaction is the dihydroxylation of a terminal olefin that leads to S/R epimers. Three different methods were tested in order to evaluate the obtained S/R ratio and the reaction yields. The results indicate that Upjohn dihydroxylation is the most selective reaction giving a 1.0:0.24 S/R ratio, whereas a Sharpless reaction leads to a mixture of 1.0:0.90 S/R with 95% yield. Using the latter mixture and following a previous reported method, benzoylated derivatives and both S and R brassinosteroids analogs were synthesized. All synthesized compounds were completely characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and HRMS of new compounds are also given. In conclusion, a synthetic route for preparation of new analogs of brassinosteroids of 24-norcholane type and R configuration at C22 were described. It is expected that this will help to elucidate if a configuration at C22 is a structural requirement for hormonal growth activity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Oyarce
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 224000, Chile; (J.O.); (V.A.); (C.G.); (K.F.)
| | - Vanessa Aitken
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 224000, Chile; (J.O.); (V.A.); (C.G.); (K.F.)
| | - César González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 224000, Chile; (J.O.); (V.A.); (C.G.); (K.F.)
| | - Karoll Ferrer
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 224000, Chile; (J.O.); (V.A.); (C.G.); (K.F.)
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Teodor Parella
- Teodor Parella, Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Luis Espinoza Catalán
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 224000, Chile; (J.O.); (V.A.); (C.G.); (K.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-32-2654425
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13
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Jiménez-Reyes MF, Carrasco H, Olea AF, Silva-Moreno E. NATURAL COMPOUNDS: A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO THE PHYTOPATHOGENS CONTROL. J Chil Chem Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-97072019000204459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Olea AF, Villena J, Moller A, Martínez R, Carrasco H. ENHANCEMENT OF CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY BY ENCAPSULATION IN PLURONIC POLYMER MICELLES: LEPTOCARPHA RIVULARIS EXTRACTS AGAINST HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES. J Chil Chem Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-97072019000204437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Olea AF, Bravo A, Martínez R, Thomas M, Sedan C, Espinoza L, Zambrano E, Carvajal D, Silva-Moreno E, Carrasco H. Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Derivatives against Botrytis Cinerea. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071239. [PMID: 30934962 PMCID: PMC6479685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a worldwide spread fungus that causes the grey mold disease, which is considered the most important factor in postharvest losses in fresh fruit crops. Consequently, the control of gray mold is a matter of current and relevant interest for agricultural industries. In this work, a series of phenylpropanoids derived from eugenol were synthesized and characterized. Their effects on the mycelial growth of a virulent and multi-resistant isolate of B. cinerea (PN2) have been evaluated and IC50 values for the most active compounds range between 31⁻95 ppm. The antifungal activity exhibited by these compounds is strongly related to their chemical structure, i.e., increasing activity has been obtained by isomerization of the double bond or introduction of a nitro group on the aromatic ring. Based on the relationship between the fungicide activities and chemical structure, a mechanism of action is proposed. Finally, the activity of these compounds is higher than that reported for the commercial fungicide BC-1000 that is currently employed to combat this disease. Thus, our results suggest that these compounds are potential candidates to be used in the design of new and effective control with inspired natural compounds of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Angelica Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Rolando Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Mario Thomas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Claudia Sedan
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Elisabeth Zambrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Denisse Carvajal
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Evelyn Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Héctor Carrasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
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16
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Chavez MI, Soto M, Cimino FA, Olea AF, Espinoza L, Díaz K, Taborga L. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of New and Known Geranylated Phenols against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061601. [PMID: 29844282 PMCID: PMC6032260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new and known geranylated phenol/methoxyphenol derivatives has been tested in vitro as inhibitor agents of mycelial growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi. The activity of tested compounds is correlated with the nature, number, and position of the substituent group on the aromatic ring. Results indicate that the most active geranylated derivatives are those having two hydroxyl groups (or one –OH and one –OCH3) attached to the aromatic ring. Interestingly, these derivatives are as active as Metalaxil®, a commonly used commercial fungicide. Thus, our results suggest that some of these compounds might be of agricultural interest due to their potential use as fungicides against P. cinnamomi. The effect of structure on fungicide activity is discussed in terms of electronic distribution on both the aromatic ring and side geranyl chain. All tested compounds have been synthesized by direct coupling of geraniol and the respective phenol. Interestingly, new digeranylated derivatives were obtained by increasing the reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Chavez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Mauricio Soto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Franco A Cimino
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910339, Chile.
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
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17
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Carvajal R, González C, Olea AF, Fuentealba M, Espinoza L. Synthesis of 2-Deoxybrassinosteroids Analogs with 24-nor, 22( S)-23-Dihydroxy-Type Side Chains from Hyodeoxycholic Acid. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061306. [PMID: 29844268 PMCID: PMC6099934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural brassinosteroids are widespread in the plant kingdom and it is known that they play an important role in regulating plant growth. In this study, two new brassinosteroid analogs with shorter side chains but keeping the diol function were synthesized. Thus, the synthesis of 2-deoxybrassinosteroids analogs of the 3α-hydroxy-24-nor, 22,23-dihydroxy-5α-cholestane side chain type is described. The starting material is a derivative from hyodeoxycholic acid (4), which was obtained with an overall yield of 59% following a previously reported five step route. The side chain of this intermediate was modified by oxidative decarboxylation to get a terminal olefin at the C22-C23 position (compound 20) and subsequent dihydroxylation of the olefin. The resulting epimeric mixture of 21a, 21b was separated and the absolute configuration at the C22 carbon for the main product 21a was elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the benzoylated derivative 22. Finally, lactonization of 21a through a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of triacetylated derivative 23, using CF3CO3H/CHCl3 as oxidant system, leads to lactones 24 and 25 in 35% and 14% yields, respectively. Deacetylation of these compounds leads to 2-deoxybrassinosteroids 18 and 19 in 86% and 81% yields. Full structural characterization of all synthesized compounds was achieved using their 1D, 2D NMR, and HRMS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carvajal
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Cesar González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910339, Chile.
| | - Mauricio Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Cristalografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
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18
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Canales C, Olea AF, Gidi L, Arce R, Ramírez G. Enhanced light-induced hydrogen evolution reaction by supramolecular systems of cobalt(II) and copper(II) octaethylporphyrins on glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Carrasco H, Robles-Kelly C, Rubio J, Olea AF, Martínez R, Silva-Moreno E. Antifungal Effect of Polygodial on Botrytis cinerea, a Fungal Pathogen Affecting Table Grapes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2251. [PMID: 29077000 PMCID: PMC5713221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of polygodial, a secondary metabolite extracted from Canelo, on mycelial growth of different Botrytis cinerea isolates has been evaluated. The results show that polygodial affects growth of normal and resistant isolates of B. cinerea with EC50 values ranging between 117 and 175 ppm. In addition, polygodial markedly decreases the germination of B. cinerea, i.e., after six hours of incubation the percentage of germination decreases from 92% (control) to 25% and 5% in the presence of 20 ppm and 80 ppm of polygodial, respectively. Morphological studies indicate that conidia treated with polygodial are smaller, with irregular membrane border, and a lot of cell debris, as compared to conidia in the control. The existence of polygodial-induced membrane damage was confirmed by SYTOX® Green uptake assay. Gene expression studies confirm that the effect of polygodial on B. cinerea is mainly attributed to inhibition of germination and appears at early stages of B. cinerea development. On the other hand, drimenol, a drimane with chemical structure quite similar to polygodial, inhibits the mycelial growth efficiently. Thus, both compounds inhibit mycelial growth by different mechanisms. The different antifungal activities of these compounds are discussed in terms of the electronic density on the double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carrasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Christian Robles-Kelly
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Julia Rubio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
| | - Rolando Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Evelyn Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8900000, Chile.
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Robles-Kelly C, Rubio J, Thomas M, Sedán C, Martinez R, Olea AF, Carrasco H, Taborga L, Silva-Moreno E. Effect of drimenol and synthetic derivatives on growth and germination of Botrytis cinerea: Evaluation of possible mechanism of action. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 141:50-56. [PMID: 28911740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of Drimenol (1) and its synthetic derivatives, nordrimenone (2), drimenyl acetate (3), and drimenyl-epoxy-acetate (4), and to establish a possible mechanism of action for drimenol. For that, the effect of each compound on mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea was assessed. Our results showed that compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 are able to affect Botrytis cinerea growth with EC50 values of 80, 92, 80 and 314ppm, respectively. These values suggest that the activity of these compounds is mainly determined by presence of the double bond between carbons 7 and 8 of the drimane ring. In addition, germination of B. cinerea in presence of 40 and 80ppm of drimenol is reduced almost to a half of the control value. Finally, in order to elucidate a possible mechanism by which drimenol is affecting B. cinerea, the determination of membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species production and gene expression studies of specific genes were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Robles-Kelly
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julia Rubio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Thomas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Claudia Sedán
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Rolando Martinez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Carrasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Evelyn Silva-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
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Flores ME, Martínez F, Olea AF, Shibue T, Sugimura N, Nishide H, Moreno-Villoslada I. Water-Induced Phase Transition in Cyclohexane/n-Hexanol/Triton X-100 Mixtures at a Molar Composition of 1/16/74 Studied by NMR. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:876-882. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario E. Flores
- Departamento
de Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas
y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Tupper 2069, Santiago 8370451, Chile
- Instituto
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Departamento
de Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas
y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Tupper 2069, Santiago 8370451, Chile
| | - Andrés F. Olea
- Instituto
de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8320325, Chile
| | - Toshimichi Shibue
- Material
Characterization Central Laboratory, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Natsuhiko Sugimura
- Material
Characterization Central Laboratory, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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Pereira-Torres D, Gonçalves AT, Ulloa V, Martínez R, Carrasco H, Olea AF, Espinoza L, Gallardo-Escárate C, Astuya A. In vitro modulation of Drimys winteri bark extract and the active compound polygodial on Salmo salar immune genes after exposure to Saprolegnia parasitica. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 59:103-108. [PMID: 27777106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of the aquaculture industry has global concerns with health management and control strategies to prevent and/or treat diseases and increase sustainability standards. Saprolegniosis is a disease caused by Saprolegnia parasitica, and is characterized by promoting an immunosuppression in the host. This study evaluated in vitro the extract and one active compound (polygodial) of Drimys winteri, a Chilean medicinal tree as a potential early immunostimulatory aid in Saprolegniosis control. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney cells (ASK-1) were incubated with both extract and pure polygodial before exposure to S. parasitica mycelium, and the expression of the immune-related genes interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon α (IFNα), and major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) was evaluated. Both evidenced immunomodulatory capacities by increasing gene expressions. This immunomodulation related to a mitigatory action counteracting the immunosuppressing effects of S. parasitica. Despite that most immune-related genes were up-regulated, the down-regulation of MHCII, characteristic of S. parasitica infection, was lessened by pre-incubation with the compounds. This study provides the first insight on the potential of D. winteri bark extract as a possible immunomodulatory and defensive strategy against this oomycete infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pereira-Torres
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Marine Genomics, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - A T Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - V Ulloa
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Marine Genomics, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Martínez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - H Carrasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - A F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Astuya
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Marine Genomics, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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Soto M, Espinoza L, Chávez MI, Díaz K, Olea AF, Taborga L. Synthesis of New Hydrated Geranylphenols and in Vitro Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060840. [PMID: 27271604 PMCID: PMC4926374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylated hydroquinones and other geranylated compounds isolated from Aplydium species have shown interesting biological activities. This fact has prompted a number of studies where geranylated phenol derivatives have been synthesized in order to assay their bioactivities. In this work, we report the synthesis of a series of new hydrated geranylphenols using two different synthetic approaches and their inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea. Five new hydrated geranylphenols were obtained by direct coupling reaction between geraniol and phenol in dioxane/water and using BF3·Et2O as the catalyst or by the reaction of a geranylated phenol with BF3·Et2O. Two new geranylated quinones were also obtained. The synthesis and structural elucidation of all new compounds is presented. All hydrated geranylphenols efficiently inhibit the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Their activity is higher than that observed for non-hydrated compounds. These results indicate that structural modification on the geranyl chain brings about an enhancement of the inhibition effect of geranylated phenol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Soto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - María I Chávez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910339, Chile.
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
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Flores ME, Martínez F, Olea AF, Shibue T, Sugimura N, Nishide H, Moreno-Villoslada I. Stability of Water/Poly(ethylene oxide)43-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)14/Cyclohexanone Emulsions Involves Water Exchange between the Core and the Bulk. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15929-37. [PMID: 26637018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of emulsions upon reverse self-association of the monodisperse amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)43-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)14 in cyclohexanone is reported. Such emulsions are not formed in toluene, chloroform, or dichloromethane. We demonstrate by magnetic resonance spectroscopy the active role of the solvent on the stabilization of the emulsions. Cyclohexanone shows high affinity for both blocks, as predicted by the Hansen solubility parameters, so that the copolymer chains are fully dissolved as monomeric chains. In addition, the solvent is able to produce hydrogen bonding with water molecules. Water undergoes molecular exchange between water molecules associated with the polymer and water molecules associated with the solvent, dynamics of major importance for the stabilization of the emulsions. Association of polymeric chains forming reverse aggregates is induced by water over a concentration threshold of 5 wt %. Reverse copolymer aggregates show submicron average hydrodynamic diameters, as seen by dynamic light scattering, depending on the polymer and water concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile , Avenida Tupper 2069, Santiago 8370451, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile , Las Encinas 220, Valdivia 5110033, Chile
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile , Avenida Tupper 2069, Santiago 8370451, Chile
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8320325, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile , Las Encinas 220, Valdivia 5110033, Chile
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25
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Bosio C, Tomasoni G, Martínez R, Olea AF, Carrasco H, Villena J. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of leptocarpin, a plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone, on human cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:415-21. [PMID: 26562779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones have attracted much attention in drug research because they present a series of biological activities such as anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant. Leptocarpin (LTC) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from a native Chilean plant, Leptocarpha rivularis, which has been widely used in traditional medicine by Mapuche people. Previous work has demonstrated that LTC decreases cell viability of cancer cell lines. In this contribution, we analyze the mechanism of LTC cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines. The results show that in all cases LTC induces an apoptotic process and inhibition of NF-κB. Apoptosis has been confirmed by observing condensation of chromatin, nuclear fragmentation, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and increasing of caspase-3 activity. It has also been found that LTC is an effective inhibitor of NF-κB, which suggests that leptocarpin-induced cytotoxicity involves in some degree the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. The concentration at which LTC inhibits NF-κB activity to the control level is similar or even lower than that found for parthenolide and others sesquiterpene lactones. These results indicate that leptocarpine is a very interesting molecule that could be considered as therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bosio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile.
| | - Giacomo Tomasoni
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile.
| | - Rolando Martínez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 910, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile.
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Héctor Carrasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Joan Villena
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Hontaneda 2664, Valparaíso, 234000, Chile.
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Flores ME, Shibue T, Sugimura N, Nishide H, Martínez F, Olea AF, Moreno-Villoslada I. n-Hexanol association in cyclohexane studied by NMR and NIR spectroscopies. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Araya-Hermosilla E, Muñoz D, Orellana S, Yáñez A, Olea AF, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Moreno-Villoslada I. Immobilization of rhodamine 6G in calcium alginate microcapsules based on aromatic–aromatic interactions with poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Espinoza L, Taborga L, Díaz K, Olea AF, Peña-Cortés H. Synthesis of linear Geranylphenols and their effect on mycelial growth of plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Molecules 2014; 19:1512-26. [PMID: 24473210 PMCID: PMC6271137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19021512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural geranyl compounds are known to exhibit important biological activities. In this work a series of geranylphenols were synthesized to evaluate their effect on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea. Geranyl derivatives were synthesized by direct geranylation reactions between the corresponding phenol derivatives and geraniol, using BF3.OEt2 as catalyst and AgNO3 as secondary catalyst. Previously reported molecules [geranylhydroquinone (2), geranylhydroquinone diacetate (6) and geranylphloroglucinol (9)], and new substances [(E)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol (geranyl-pyrogallol, 7), (E)-4-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)benzene-1,2,3-triyl triacetate (8), (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)benzene-1,3,5-triyl triacetate geranylphloroglucinol triacetate (10), 2,4-bis((E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)benzene-1,3,5-triyl triacetate (11), 2,6-bis((E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl acetate (12)], were obtained. All compounds were characterized by IR, HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The inhibitory effect of the synthesized compounds on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea was tested in vitro. Excepting compound 11, all substances constrained the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea. The antifungal activity depends on the chemical structure of geranylphenol derivatives. Compounds 2 and 9 were the more effective substances showing inhibition degrees higher than those obtained with the commercial fungicide Captan, even at lower concentrations. Monosubstitution on the aromatic nucleus by a geranyl chain seems to be more effective for the inhibition of mycelial growth than a double substitution. These results suggest that the new derivatives of geranylphenols have the ability to block the mycelial development of the plant pathogen B. cinerea and that this capacity depends strongly on the structural features and lipophilicity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Espinoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Lautaro Taborga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España No. 1680, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
| | - Andrés F Olea
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Hugo Peña-Cortés
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad de Valparaíso, Blanco 951, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile.
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Sandoval TE, Gárate MP, Olea AF. Aggregation of alcohols ethoxylates (CiEOj) in dibutoxymethane and surface activity at the water/dibutoxymethane interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pizarro GDC, Jeria-Orell M, Marambio OG, Olea AF, Valdés DT, Geckeler KE. Synthesis of functional poly(styrene)-block-(methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid) by homogeneous reverse atom transfer radical polymerization: Spherical nanoparticles, thermal behavior, self-aggregation, and morphological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Sandoval TE, Espinoza LJ, Guerra IA, Olea AF, Gárate MP. Study of the size and morphology of aggregates formed by pentaethylene glycol monooctyl ether (C8EO5) in n-heptane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Olea AF, Silva P, Fuentes I, Martínez F, Worrall DR. Probing solubilization sites in block copolymer micelles using fluorescence quenching. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Montecinos R, Ahumada H, Araya-Maturana R, Olea AF, Weiss-López BE. Counterion and composition effects on discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 316:126-31. [PMID: 17707854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Counterion and composition effects on the size and interface dynamics of discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystals made of tetradecyltrimethylammonium halide (TTAX)-decanol (DeOH)-water-NaX, with X = Cl(-) and Br(-), were investigated using NMR and fluorescence spectroscopies. The dynamics of the interface was examined by measuring deuterium quadrupole splittings from HDO (0.1% D(2)O in H(2)O) and 1,1-dideuterodecanol (20% 1,1-dideuterodecanol in DeOH) in 27 samples of each liquid crystal. Aggregation numbers, N(D), from 15 samples of each mesophase were obtained using the fluorescence of pyrene quenched by hexadecylpyridinium chloride. N(D) of TTAB and TTAC are about 230+/-30 and 300+/-20, respectively. N(D) of TTAC increases with increasing concentration of all mesophase components, whereas TTAB shows no correlation between size and composition. The dimension of these aggregates prevents the occurrence of undulations, previously observed in lamellar phases. The quadrupole splitting of decanol-d(2) in TTAC is about 5 kHz smaller than in TTAB, and the splitting of HDO is observed only in TTAB. All results are consistent with a more dynamic TTAC interface. The TTAC aggregate should be more dissociated from counterions and the excess ammonium-ammonium electrostatic repulsions contribute to increase the mobility of the interface components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Montecinos
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Montecinos R, Ahumada H, Bahamonde-Padilla VE, Olea AF, Weiss-López BE. Counterion and composition effects on discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 316:120-5. [PMID: 17714724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The static fluorescence quenching of pyrene by bromide, at the interface of mixed TTAC/TTAB discotic nematic lyotropic liquid crystals, allowed an estimation of the equilibrium constant for the exchange of chloride by bromide. The affinity of the interface for bromide is much higher than for chloride (K(Br-/Cl-) = 13.2). For a molecular level understanding of the experimental results of this and the preceding paper, 20 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were calculated for samples with TTAB/TTAC molar percent ratios 100/0 (A), 50/50 (B) and 0/100 (C). The increment in the concentration of chloride induces a wider distribution of ammonium headgroups along the axis normal to the bilayer surface, increasing the width of the interface. The charge density profile of simulation B shows that the concentration of bromide is higher than the concentration of chloride in the vicinity the ammonium headgroups. The short range contribution to the electrostatic energy from the ammonium-ammonium repulsion is 291.7 kJ/mol for TTAC and 195.6 kJ/mol for TTAB, and the short range ammonium-halide interaction is -6166 kJ/mol for TTAC and -6607 kJ/mol for TTAB, from simulations A and C, respectively. These results are in agreement with a more neutralized TTAB interface. Consistently, the electric dipole moments of water are significantly more aligned with the larger electric field of the TTAB interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Montecinos
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Martínez F, Uribe E, Olea AF. Copolymerization of Maleic Anhydride with Styrene and α‐Olefins. Molecular and Thermal Characterization. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/ma-200065932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Barraza RG, Olea AF, Valdebenito CE, Dougnac V, Fuentes I. Solubilization of p-nitrophenol in aggregates formed by hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 275:434-8. [PMID: 15178270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The solubilization of p-nitrophenol into the hydrophobic microdomains provided by polyelectrolytes carrying alkyl side chains of different length has been investigated in aqueous solutions of pH 5.0 and 8.0. Under these pH conditions p-nitrophenol is predominantly present in its neutral and ionic forms, respectively. Potassium salts of poly(maleic acid-co-1-olefins), PA-nK2 with n = 12, 14, 16, 18, were synthesized, and the pseudo-phase model was used to determine the distribution coefficient KS, and the standard free energy of transfer Deltamut0 of p-nitrophenol between water and polymer aggregates. The results indicate that at both pH's the solubilization of p-nitrophenol increases with increasing size of the side alkyl chain; i.e., the values of KS follow the order PA-18K2 > PA-16K2 > PA-14K2 > PA-12K2. The free energies, Deltamut0, were plotted as a function of the number of carbon atoms in the side alkyl chain and a linear relation was found. From these plots contributions of -0.324 and -0.676 kJ mol(-1) per methylene group were determined at pH 5.0 and 8.0, respectively. The effect of aggregate size on the solubility of phenol is attributed to the hydrophobic contribution per CH2 group to the free energy of transfer. The hydrophobic nature of the CH2 group is suggested to derive largely from the enthalpic contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Barraza
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
The properties of the microheterogeneous systems formed by mixtures of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and an alternating copolymer of maleic acid and styrene, MAS, and their anionic monoesters, MAS-n with n=2, 4, 6, 8, were investigated. The fluorescence of pyrene was used to sense the polarity of the polymer/CTAB aggregates. Measurements of the ratio III/I in pyrene fluorescence spectra indicate that the polymer/CTAB aggregates are more hydrophobic than normal micelles. A series of p-alkyl substituted phenols were employed to probe the solubilization ability of these aggregates. The distribution constant K(S) of phenol, p-methylphenol, p-ethylphenol, and p-propylphenol between water and MAS-n/CTAB aggregates and the corresponding free energy of transfer Deltamicro(0)(t) have been determined using the pseudo-phase model. The results show that the distribution is mainly determined by the phenol structure, and a linear free energy relationship has been found between Deltamicro(0)(t) and the structure of phenols. On the other hand, an increase in the number of methylene groups in the side alkyl chain has no effect on Deltamicro(0)(t). The results are discussed and compared with those obtained for ionic micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Olea
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Barraza RG, Olea AF, Martinez F, Ruiz-Tagle I. Adsorption of hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes at the -octane/water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 261:559-64. [PMID: 16256569 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2002] [Accepted: 01/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial activity of polyelectrolytes carrying alkyl side chains of different length has been studied. Potassium salts of poly(maleic acid-co-1-olefins), PA-n K2 with n=12 , 14, 16, 18, were synthesized, and the interfacial tension at the aqueous solution/n -octane interface was measured as a function of the length of the alkyl side chain. The results show that the interfacial tension lowering, the limiting excess concentration Gamma (m), and the efficiency of adsorption pC (20) depend on the number of methylene groups in the alkyl side chain. According to Rosen the last two parameters define two different contributions to the standard free energy of adsorption: one arises from the distribution of the polymer between the bulk of the solution and the interface Delta G (dist )(0), and another comes from the configuration adopted at the interface Delta G (int )(0). These free energies were plotted as a function of the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl side chain and a linear relation was found for both of them. From these plots contributions of 0.83 and -0.58 per methylene group were determined for Delta G (0)(dist ) and Delta G (0)(int ), respectively. The positive value for the incremental free energy of distribution is attributed to the formation of a polymer micelle which is stabilized by longer alkyl side chains. On the other hand, the negative value for Delta G (0)(int ) indicates that at the interface the polymer adopts a configuration where the hydrocarbon tail is interacting with the octane molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Barraza
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Olea AF, Gamboa C. Synergism in mixtures of cationic surfactant and anionic copolymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 257:321-6. [PMID: 16256486 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(02)00019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2002] [Accepted: 09/18/2002] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Surface tension measurements have been made in aqueous solutions of anionic hemiesters of an alternating copolymer of maleic acid and styrene, MAS-n with n=0-12, in the presence of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, DTAB. A synergistic aspect of surface tension reduction efficiency was observed for all systems studied. The pseudo-phase separation approach and regular solution approximation have been applied, and the interaction parameter, beta, and the mole fraction of DTAB in the adsorbed layer (on a surfactant/repetitive unit basis), X, were obtained. Negative values of beta, ranging from -3 to -11, were calculated. On the other hand, the molar fraction of DTAB varies from 0.52 to 0.26. These results are discussed in terms of hydrophobic effects on the distribution of the aggregates between the interface and the bulk of the solution. The conditions predicted by the model to obtain synergism in the tension reduction efficiency are completely satisfied in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Olea
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
The quenching of the benzophenone triplet by lysozyme and its constituent amino acids in aqueous solutions have been studied. Native lysozyme quenches the benzophenone triplet with a high rate constant, 4 x 10(9) M-1 s-1. The quenching process takes place with production of significant amounts of free ketyl radicals, phi ketyl = 0.56, but with a very low benzophenone consumption yield (0.022). The consumption yield is considerably smaller than that observed for the free amino acids. This difference can be explained in terms of a dominant back hydrogen transfer to the protein in the disproportionation of the free radicals produced. Reduced and carboxymethylated lysozyme shows a higher quenching rate (7.8 x 10(9) M-1 s-1) and a larger benzophenone consumption yield (0.07). The deactivation of the benzophenone triplet by the native protein leads to its inactivation, with a quantum yield of 0.01. Tryptophan and arginine residues are destroyed with a quantum yield of 0.01. In the modified enzyme tyrosine and methionine groups are also consumed.
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Encinas MV, Lissi EA, Olea AF. Quenching of triplet benzophenone by vitamins E and C and by sulfur containing amino acids and peptides. Photochem Photobiol 1985; 42:347-52. [PMID: 4089024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb01580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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